Wannan mataki yana wakiltar zamanin Khulafa’u Rashidun94 da manyan Sahabbai (abokan Manzon Allah ﷺ). Yana farawa daga halifancin Abubakar (632-634CE) zuwa lokacin da daular Musulunci ta fadada cikin sauri a cikin shekaru ashirin na farko na wannan mataki, har ta hada da Siriya, Jordan, Masar, Iraki, da Farisa. Don haka, Musulmi sun tsinci kansu ba zato ba tsammani cikin hulda da sabbin tsare-tsare, al’adu, da irin halayen rayuwa wadanda babu wani tanadi na musamman a cikin dokokin Shari’ah a kansu. Don magance matsaloli masu yawa da suka bullo, Khulafa’u Rashidun sun dogara sosai ga yanke hukunci bisa ijma’i (Ijmaa’) da kuma ijtihadi, wanda Manzon Allah ﷺ ya horar da su a kansa lokacin da suke tare da shi bayan hijirarsa zuwa Madina. A cikin yawaitar amfani da ijma’i da ijtihadi, wadannan khalifofi sun kafa hanyoyi wadanda daga baya suka zama tushen dokoki a Musulunci, wato Fiqhu.

This stage represents the era of the Righteous Caliphs94 and the major Sahaabah (companions of the Prophet (s.w.). It extends from the caliphate of Abu Bakr (632-634CE) to the Islamic state were rapidly expanded during the first twenty years of this stage to include Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, and Persia. Thus, Muslims were suddenly brought into contact with totally new systems, cultures, and patterns of behavior for which specific provision was not to be found in the laws of Sharee’ah. To deal with the numerous new problems, the Righteous Caliphs relied heavily on decisions by consensus (Ijmaa’) as well as Ijtihaad, in which they had been trained by the Prophet (s.w.) while they were with him after his migration to Madeenah. In the course of their extensive use of Ijmaa’ and Ijtihaad, these caliphs established procedures which later became the basis for legislation in Islaam, that is Fiqh.

A wannan sashe za mu yi nazari, dalla-dalla, kan hanyoyin warware matsaloli da Khulafa'u Rashidun suka bullo da su, da kuma yadda kowane Sahabi yake gudanar da hukunce-hukuncensa. Za mu kuma yi kokarin nuna dalilin da ya sa wannan zamani ya kasance cikin 'yanci daga rarrabuwar kai da bangaranci wadanda suka yi tasiri a zamanu na gaba, sannan mu lura da wasu halaye na Fiqhu a wannan zamani, wasu daga cikinsu sun saba sosai da ci gaban da aka samu daga baya.

In this section we shall examine, in some detail, the problem-solving procedures developed by the Righteous Caliphs and the general approach used by individual Sahaabah in making deductions. We shall also attempt to show why this period was comparatively free of that factionalism which marked later periods, and we shall note certain characteristics of Fiqh during this period, some of which are in strong contrast with later developments.