Tarin Fiqhu
Compilation Of Fiqh
A cikin wannan zamani na mulkin 'Abbasawa, wani tsari na rubuta littattafan Fiqhu ya samu bunkasa. Wannan tsari ya zama ma'auni, kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a aikace har zuwa yau. An raba batutuwa daban-daban zuwa manyan kanun-labarai, sannan manyan kanun-labaran an tara su karkashin babi-babi, kowanne daga cikinsu yana wakiltar babban maudu'i daga Shari'ah. Har ma sunayen babi-babin sun zama daidaitattu. Marubuta sukan fara da ginshikai hudu bayan Imani, tun da an tattauna Imani a littattafan Ilimin Tauhidi. Bayan sun yi bayanin hukunce-hukuncen da suka shafi Taharah (tsarkaka) da Salla (sallah), da Sawm (azumi), da Zakka (haraji na talakawa) da Hajji (aikin hajji), sai su ci gaba zuwa Nikah (aure) da Talaq (saki), sannan Bay' (cinikayya) daga nan kuma Adaab (da'a). Idan mai rubutu daga kowane Madhhab ya tabo daya daga cikin wadannan batutuwa, zai ambaci hujjoji daban-daban da dukkan Madhhabai suka dogara da su wajen matsayinsu, yana kuma karyata hujjojin sauran Madhhabai.
During this segment of the ‘Abbaasid rule, a format for writing Fiqh books evolved. This format became a standard, which has remained in practice until today. The various issues were grouped under main headings and the main headings under chapters, each of which represented a major topic from Sharee’ah. Even thr door of the chapters became standardised. The authors would begin with the four pillars after Eemaan (faith), since Eemaan was dealt with in books of Islamic theology. After treating the laws and issues concerning Tahaarah (hygiene) and Salaah (prayer), Sawm (fasting), Zakaah (poor tax) and Hajj (pilgrimage), they would proceed on to Nikaah (marriage) and Talaaq (divorce), then Bay’ (business transactions) and then Aadaab (etiquette). In dealing with any of these issues, and author from any one Madh-hab would mention the different proofs used by all of the Madh-hab’s position, while refuting the arguments of the other Madh-habs.
Taƙaitaccen Bayani
Section Summary
Yawancin madhhabai da suka bunƙasa a zamanin farko sun ƙare, sai huɗu kawai suka rage.
1. The majority of the Madh-habs, which flourished during the earlier periods, disappeared and only four remained.
2. Madhhabai sun kai ga matakin ƙarshe na tsari da ƙayyadadden tsarinsu.
2. The Madh-habs reached their final form of systemization and organization.
3. An yi watsi da ijtihadi a wajen tsarin madhhabi, sai ijtihadin madhhabi ya maye gurbinsa.
3. Ijtihaad beyond the structure of the Madh-hab was dropped and Ijtihaad Madh-habee took its place.
4. An fara Fiqhu na kwatanta (Comparative Fiqh), amma an yi amfani da shi a zahiri wajen inganta ra'ayoyin mazhaba.
4. Comparative Fiqh arose, but was used essentially to advance sectarian ideas.