Zakat ya fedha na dhahabu, iwe ni sarafu au si sarafu, ni wajibu kwa mujibu wa Sunnah na Ijma'a ya Maswahaba. Kuhusu Sunnah, hili ni kutokana na alichosimulia Abu Hurayra: Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alisema: "Hakuna mwenye dhahabu wala fedha asiyetoa haki yake isipokuwa atatengenezewa sahani za moto Siku ya Kiyama. Zitapashwa moto katika Jahannam kisha zitatumika kuunguza ubavu wake, paji lake na mgongo wake. Kila zikipoa hurudishwa tena kwake katika Siku ambayo urefu wake ni miaka 50,000, mpaka hukumu itolewe baina ya watu na yeye ataonyeshwa njia yake, ama kwenda Peponi au Motoni" (amesimulia wanane isipokuwa At-Tirmidhi). Pia alisema: "Yeyote ambaye Allah (swt) amempa mali kisha asilipe Zakat yake, mali yake itawasilishwa kwake Siku ya Kiyama kama nyoka mwenye upara mwenye madoa mawili juu ya macho yake, naye atamzunguka Siku ya Kiyama. Kisha atamshika kwa pande mbili za taya lake na kusema: Mimi ni mali yako, mimi ni hazina yako uliyojilimbikizia." Kisha akasoma:

The Zakat of silver and gold, whether in currency or not, is obliged by the Sunnah and Ijma’a as-Sahabah. As for the Sunnah, this is due to what Abu Hurayra narrated: The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “No owner of gold or silver who fails to give their due right except that he will have sheets of fire made for him on the Day of Judgement. They will be heated in the Hellfire then used to burn his sides, forehead and back. Whenever they cool they are reheated to him in a Day whose length is 50,000 years long until it is judged between the people and he is shown his path, either to Paradise or to the Fire” (narrated by the five except At-Tirmizi). Also he said: “Whoever is given wealth by Allah (swt) and fails to pay its Zakat then his wealth will be presented to him on the day of judgement as a bald snake with two spots above its eyes and it surrounds him on the Day of Judgement. Then it will hold him by two sides of his jaw and it will say: I am your wealth, I am your hoarded treasure.” Then he recited:

"Wasiwadhani wale wanaobakhili kwa kile ambacho Mwenyezi Mungu (SWT) amewapa katika fadhila Zake kwamba ni jambo jema kwao. Bali itakuwa ni shari kwao; kile walichokibakhilia kitafungwa shingoni mwao kama kola iliyosokotwa siku ya Kiyama." [Al-Imran: 180] (Imepokewa na Al-Khamsa isipokuwa Abu Dawud).

“Let not those who covetously withhold of the bounties which Allah (swt) has given them of His grace think that it is good for them. Soon shall what they covetously withhold be tied to their necks like a twisted collar on the Day of Judgement.” [Al-Imran: 180] (narrated by the five except Abu Dawud).

Kuhusu Ijma'a, Maswahaba walikubaliana bila mtu yeyote kupingana juu ya wajibu wa Zakat kwenye fedha na dhahabu.

As for Ijma’a, the companions had a consensus without anyone disagreeing upon the obligation of Zakat on silver and gold.

Kiwango cha chini cha fedha ambacho Zakat inawajibika juu yake ni wakia tano kutokana na kauli yake: "Hakuna Sadaka katika kitu chochote kilicho chini ya wakia tano" (wamekubaliana). Kiasi chake kinahesabiwa kuwa Dirhamu 200 kwa sababu kila wakia ni Dirhamu 40. Kutoka kwa Ali bin Abi Talib, aliyesema: "Dirhamu tano (zinawajibika) katika kila Dirhamu 200." Muhammad ﷺ bin Abdur Rahman al-Ansari alisimulia hayo katika kitabu cha Mtume ﷺ, na kitabu cha 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab, kuhusu Sadaka (ilielezwa): "Hakuna kinachochukuliwa kutoka kwenye fedha hadi kifikie Dirhamu 200." Hivyo, ikiwa fedha ni chini ya Dirhamu 200, hata kwa Dirhamu moja tu, basi hakuna Zakat inayowajibika juu yake, kwa sababu ni chini ya wakia tano. Mtume ﷺ hakuwajibisha Zakat katika kitu chochote kilicho chini ya wakia tano.

The least amount of silver upon which Zakat is obliged is five ounces due to his saying: “There is no Sadaqah on anything less than five ounces” (agreed upon). Its amount is counted as 200 Dirhams because each ounce is 40 Dirhams. From Ali b. Abi Talib who said: “Five Dirhams (are due) in every 200 Dirhams.” Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari narrated that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab, on Sadaqah (there was stated): “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” Thus if silver is less than 200 Dirhams, even by just one Dirham, then no Zakat is obliged upon it, due to its being less than five ounces. The Messenger of Allah (saw) did not oblige Zakat in what is less than five ounces.

Dirhamu ambazo nisabu inapimwa kwazo ni dirhamu za Shari'ah. Kila kumi kati yake ni sawa na uzito wa mithqali saba za dhahabu. Kila dirhamu ni sawa na sehemu saba za kumi za mithqali. Hii ndiyo dirhamu ya Shari'ah ambayo kwayo hupimwa nisabu za Zakat, thamani ya Jizya, diya za damu, nisabu ya kukatwa kwa wizi, n.k.

The Dirhams against which the Nisab is considered are the Shari’ah Dirhams. Every ten of them are equivalent to the weight of seven Mithqal of gold. Each Dirham is equivalent to seven-tenths of a mithqal. This is the Shari’ah Dirham against which is measured the Nisabs of Zakat, the value of Jizya, blood-monies, the Nisab of cutting for stealing etc.

Uzito wa dirham unaotumika leo ni gramu 2.975, hivyo uzito wa Nisab ya Zakat kwa fedha, ambayo ni dirham 200, unakuwa gramu 595. Hii inajumuisha fedha iliyotengenezwa kuwa sarafu pamoja na vumbi (Tibr) au mabaki ya madini (Sabaik). Ikiwa fedha imechanganywa na risasi, shaba au madini mengine kiasi kwamba fedha yake safi inafikia Nisab ya fedha, basi Zakat ni wajibu na inatolewa kutoka kiasi cha fedha safi iliyomo ndani yake.

The dirham’s weight in grams utilised today is 2.975 grams, so the weight of the Nisab of Zakat in silver-which is 200 Dirhams-becomes 595 grams. It includes the minted silver as currency as well as the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik). If the silver is mixed with lead, copper or other types of minerals such that its pure content reaches the Nisab of silver, then Zakat is obliged and taken from the amount of pure silver in it.

Ikiwa fedha itafikia Nisabu ya Zakaa na mwaka mzima ukapita juu yake, basi robo ya zaka (zaka ya asilimia 2.5) inawajibika ndani yake, yaani dirhamu tano zinawajibika katika Nisabu ambayo ni dirhamu 200. Hili limethibitishwa kwa Sunnah. Kwa mujibu wa Abu Bakr As-Siddiq imepokewa kwamba Mtume ﷺ alisema: “Robo ya zaka katika Riqqa.” Ar-riqqa ni fedha iliyopigwa sarafu. Bukhari amepokea kauli ya Mtume ﷺ: “Leteni Sadaqah ya Riqqa kama dirhamu moja kwa kila arobaini, na hakuna kinachowajibika kwa mia moja na tisini.” Kutoka kwa Muhammad ﷺ b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari aliyesema kwamba katika kitabu cha Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ, na kitabu cha ‘Umar, kuhusu Sadaqah kuna yafuatayo: “Hakuna kinachochukuliwa kutoka fedha mpaka kifikie dirhamu 200.” Dirhamu tano zinazowajibika katika Nisabu ya Zakaa ni sawa na gramu 14.875, kwa kuwa uzito wa dirhamu ni gramu 2.975.

If silver reaches the Nisab of Zakat and a full year passes over it, then quarter-tithe is obliged in it i.e. five Dirhams are obliged in the Nisab which is 200 Dirhams. This has been established by the Sunnah. On the authority of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq it is narrated that the Prophet (saw) said: “Quarter-tithe in the Riqqa.” Ar-riqqa is the minted silver. Bukhari narrated the Prophet (saw) ’s saying: “Bring the Sadaqah of the Riqqa as a Dirham for every forty, and there is nothing due on one hundred and ninety.” From Muhammad (saw) b. Abdur Rahman al-Ansari who said that in the book of the Messenger of Allah (saw) , and the book of ‘Umar, on Sadaqah there is the following: “Nothing is taken from silver until it reaches 200 Dirhams.” The five Dirhams obliged in the Nisab of Zakat are equivalent to 14.875 grams, as the dirham’s weight is 2.975 grams.

Nisabu ya dhahabu na zaka inayowajibika ndani yake.

The Nisab amount of Gold and what Zakat is Obliged in it.

Kiasi kidogo kabisa cha dhahabu ambacho zaka ni wajibu juu yake ni dinari 20. Ikiwa ni chini ya dinari 20, hata kwa kiasi cha kirati kimoja tu, basi hakuna zaka inayowajibika juu yake. Ali b. Abi Talib alipokewa kuwa alisema: "Nusu dinari kwa kila dinari 20, na dinari moja (inalipwa) kwa kila dinari arobaini." Kutoka kwa Amru b. Shuaib, kutoka kwa baba yake, kutoka kwa babu yake, kutoka kwa Mtume ﷺ, aliyesema: "Hakuna sadaka juu ya chochote kilicho chini ya mithqal 20 za dhahabu." Dhahabu huhesabiwa pamoja katika sehemu zake zote, kuanzia ile isiyovunjwa hadi ile iliyovunjwa, ile iliyofanywa sarafu (madhruba), hadi vumbi (tibr) au mabaki ya madini (sabaik); yote huhesabiwa kama kitu kimoja kwa kipimo cha kiasi.

The least amount of gold in which Zakat is obliged is 20 Dinars. If it is less than 20 Dinars, even by only one (Qirat), then no Zakat is obliged in it. Ali b. Abi Talib was reported to have said: “One-half Dinar in every 20 Dinars, and one Dinar (is due) in every forty Dinars.” From Amru b. Shuaib from his father from his grandfather from the Prophet (saw) who said: “There is no Sadaqah on whatever is less than 20 Mithqal of gold.” Gold is counted together in all its parts, from the unbroken to the broken, the coined (Madhruba), to the dust (Tibr) or ingots (Sabaik), all is counted as one with regards to the amount.