Ujuzi wa Hukmu nyingi za Shariah zinazohusiana na Al-Kharaj, Jizya, Zakat, Diyya, kukata mkono na kafara unahitaji kujua vipimo vya urefu, ujazo na uzito vilivyotumiwa wakati wa Mtume ﷺ na katika zama za Masahaba watukufu (Allah (SWT) awe radhi nao). Muda ulipozidi kupita tangu matumizi ya vipimo hivi vya urefu, ujazo na uzito, wengi wao, ikiwa si wote, wamekuwa hawatumiki tena. Hivyo imekuwa vigumu kujua vipimo hivi na thamani zake zinazolingana na vipimo vya urefu, ujazo na uzito vinavyotumiwa leo, ambavyo vimekuwa rahisi kushughulikia, rahisi kuelewa na vyenye uwezo wa kufafanuliwa kwa usahihi.

Cognition of many of the Ahkam Shar’iah related to Al-Kharaj, Jizya, Zakat, Diyya, cutting and expiation requires the knowledge of the lengths, measures and weights which were used during the time of the Messenger (saw) and in the era of the honourable Sahabah (may Allah (swt) be pleased with them). As time prolonged away from the usage of these standards of lengths, measures and weights, the majority of them today, if not all of them, have become redundant. Thus, it has become difficult to know these measurements and their values corresponding to the lengths, measures and weights used today, which have become easier to deal with, easier to understand and able to precisely define.

Kwa hiyo, vipimo vya urefu, ujazo na uzito hivi vitaonyeshwa ili kufafanua uhalisia wake na uwiano wake na vipimo vya urefu, ujazo na uzito vya leo, ili viwe wazi, rahisi kutumiwa, vyepesi kueleweka na vyenye ufafanuzi sahihi.

Therefore, the standards of these lengths, measures and weights will be demonstrated to explain their reality and ratio to today’s lengths, measures and weights in order to make them clear, easy to deal with, simple to understand and precise in definition.

Jareeb lilikuwa kipimo pekee cha msingi cha eneo. Kilitumika kupima ardhi inayolimika na kubainisha mali ya shamba, ambapo Kharaj ilikadiriwa kwa msingi huu. Imepokewa kuwa Sh’abi alisema, “Hakika ‘Umar b. Al-Khattab alipima Sawad (ardhi inayolimika ya Iraq) ambayo ilifikia Jareeb 630,000,000.” Katika kitabu al-Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya imesemwa, “Jareeb ni Kasabaat 10 mara Kasabaat 10. Kafeez ni Kasabaat 10 mara Kasabah. Na Kasabah ni sawa na dhiraa 6. Hivyo basi Jareeb ni sawa na vipande vya dhiraa 3600 na Kafeez ni sawa na dhiraa 330, ambayo ni sehemu ya kumi ya Jareeb.

A Jareeb was the only basic unit of area. It was applied to measure arable land and define estate, where the Kharaj was estimated based on this basis. It is reported that Sh’abi said, “Indeed ‘Umar b. Al-Khattab surveyed the Sawad (arable land of Iraq) which reached 630,000,000 Jareeb.” In the book, al- Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya it is said, “The Jareeb is 10 Kasabaats times 10 Kasabaats. The Kafeez is 10 Kasabaats times a Kasabah. And the Kasabah is equal to 6 cubits. Hence the Jareeb is equal to 3600 cubit pieces and the Kafeez is equal to 330 cubits which is a tenth of a Jareeb.

Kuhusu farsakh (parasang), imepokewa kwamba Ja'afar bin Qudamah alisema, "Ni eneo la dhiraa, na ni sawa na dhiraa ya Kihashemi, yaani dhiraa 9000." Al-Qalqashandi alitaja kwamba, "Dhiraa ya Kihashemi ni sawa na dhiraa moja na theluthi moja ya mkono, ambayo ni dhiraa ya Mursala (iliyotumwa kwa muda mrefu). Na dhiraa ya mkono ni sawa na vipimo 6 vya kiganja (kushika kwa mkono), kwa msingi wa kiganja cha wastani. Kila kiganja ni vidole vinne, yaani kidole kidogo, kidole cha pete, kidole cha kati na kidole cha shahada. Kila kidole ni nywele 6 ndogo zilizowekwa kwa urefu."

Commenting on the parasang, it has been reported that Ja’afar bin Qudamah said that, “It is a cubit area and is equivalent to the Hashemite cubit, that is 9000 cubits.” Qalqashandi mentioned that, “The Hashemite cubit is equal to a cubit and a third of the hand which is the Mursala (long dispatched) cubit. And the cubit of the hand is equal to 6 handfuls (clasps)on the basis of the average handful. Each handful is the four fingers i.e. the smallest finger, ring finger, the middle and the index finger. Each finger is 6 little hairs laid across.

Waislamu walitumia vipimo vifuatavyo vya urefu:

The Muslims used the following lengths:

Kifungo = vidole 4.

The clasp = 4 fingers.

Dhiraa' al-mursala = vidole 6 au vidole 24.

The dispatched Mursala cubit = 6 clasps or 24 fingers.

Imepokewa kutoka kwa Abu Said al-Khudri aliyesema: "Tulikuwa tukitoa Sa'a moja ya chakula kama Zakat ul-Fitr, au Sa'a moja ya shayiri, au Sa'a moja ya tende, au Sa'a moja ya jibini, au Sa'a moja ya zabibu kavu." Imepokewa kutoka kwa Jabir ibn Abdullah aliyesema: "Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alikuwa akijiosha kwa Sa'a moja na kujitakasa kwa Mudd." Pia imepokewa kutoka kwa Abu Saeed al-Khudri, bila kutaja Mtume ﷺ, aliyesema: "Hakuna Sadaka katika chini ya Awsuq 5." Al-Wasq ni Makhtoom 60, ambayo ni Sa'a kwa ushahidi wa yale yaliyopokewa kutoka kwa al-Hassan na Ibn Sirreen, ambao wote wawili walisema: "Al-Wasq ni Sa'a 60." Al-Sha'bi alisimulia kwamba Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alimwambia Ka'ab ibn 'Uzra: "Huna kitu cha kuchinja?" Akasema: "Hapana." RasoolAllah ﷺ akasema: "Basi funga siku tatu, au toa sadaka Sa'a 3 za tende kwa masikini 6, kila mmoja akipewa Sa'a moja mbili kati yao." Imepokewa pia kutoka kwa Muhammad ﷺ bin Ubaidullah al-Thaqafi aliyesema: "'Umar ibn Al-Khattab aliweka juu ya watu wa Sawad kwa kila Jareeb iliyokaliwa au iliyofurika Dirham moja na Kafeez." Abu 'Ubaid anasema katika Kitabu cha Mali: "Sa'a ni Amdaad 4, na Mudd ni pauni moja na theluthi kwa kipimo cha Baghdadi, hivyo Sa'a ni pauni 5 na theluthi, ambayo ndiyo Sa'a ya Mtume ﷺ kama Malik na watu wa Hijaz wanavyotaja." Kwa kuchunguza Hadithi, yale yaliyotajwa na wanachuoni wa Fiqh, Muhadithina na wanaisimu kuhusu vipimo na uzito yanaonyesha kwamba Sa'a ni kipimo cha vipimo vyote vilivyotumika. Sa'a ni sawa na Amdaad 4, na Mudd ni pauni moja na theluthi kwa kipimo cha Baghdadi, na pauni ya Baghdadi ni Dirham 128 4/7. Makadirio ya Dirham kwa gramu zinazotumika leo ni gramu 3.17. Hii si Dirham ya sarafu. Uzito wa Dirham ya fedha ya Shar'i ni gramu 2.975. Hivyo uzito wa pauni ya Baghdadi ni gramu 408.

It has been narrated that Abu Said al-Khudri said, “We used to give a Sa’a from food for Zakat ul-Fitr, or a Sa’a from barley, or a Sa’a from dates, or a Sa’a from cheese, or a Sa’a from the raisons.” It has been narrated from Jabir ibn Abdullah who said, “The Messenger of Allah (saw) would wash himself with a Sa’a and purify himself with Mudd.” And it has been narrated from Abu Saeed al-Khudri, without metioning the Prophet (saw) who said, “There is no Sadaqah in less then 5 Awsuq.” Al-Wasq is 60 Makhtoom that is a Sa’a by evidence of what has been narrated from al-Hassan and Ibn Sirreen who both said, “Al-Wasq is 60 Sa’a.” Al-Sha’bi narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to Ka’ab ibn ‘Uzra, “Don’t you have something to slaughter?” He said, “No.” RasoolAllah (saw) said, “Then fast three days or give in charity 3 Sa’a of dates to 6 needy people, giving two of them one Sa’a.” And it has been narrated from Muhammad (saw) bin Ubaidullah al-Thaqafi who said, “‘Umar ibn Al- Khattab imposed on the people of the Sawad on each Jareeb inhabited or overflowing a Dirham and a Kafeez.” Abu ‘Ubaid says in the Book of Funds, “A Sa’a is 4 Amdaad, and the Mud is a pound and third in Baghdadi measurement, thus the a Sa’a is 5 pounds and a third, which is the Sa’a of the Prophet (saw) as Malik and the people of the Hijaz mention.” Examining the Ahadith, what has been mentioned by the Jurists and Muhadditheen and the linguists about the measures and weights shows that a Sa’a is a unit of measurement for all measures which was used. A Sa’a is equal to 4 Amdaad and a Mudd is a pound and third in Baghdadi measurement and the Baghdadi pound is 128 4/7 Dirhams. The estimate of the Dirham in terms of the gram used today was 3.17 grams. This is not the cash Dirham. The weight of the Shar’i silver Dirham is 2.975 grams. Thus the weight of the Baghdadi pound is 408 grams.