本类功修（ʿibādah）的基本原理，共分五章予以全面讨论。第一章涉及其义务的依据，包括该义务落在谁身上以及何时履行；第二章论述其具体行为的确定；第三章论述用以行此功修的物质，即水；第四章论述使其失效的因素；第五章论述可用以行此功修的各类物品的界定。

A comprehensive discussion of the principles of this (type of) worship (^ibadd) is covered in five chapters. Chapter 1 relates to the evidence of its obligation— on whom it is obligatory and when; Chapter 2 is about the identification of its acts; Chapter 3 is about the identification of that with which it is performed, that is, water; Chapter 4 is about the identification of factors nullifying it; and Chapter 5 is about the identification of things with which it can be performed.

二十三、不洁（najāsa）被法学家分为两类：实际的（haqīqiyya）和技术性或法定的（ḥukmiyya）。术语“ḥadath”用于指法定或技术性的不洁，而“khabath”用于指实际的不洁。ḥadath可以是小的，通过小净（wuḍū'）来除去；也可以是大的（即两性之间的性污秽和月经），通过沐浴（ghusl）来除去。同样，实际的najāsa可以是重的（mughallaza）或轻的（mukhaffafa）。

23 Impurity (najdsa) is divided by the jurists into two kinds: actual (haqtqiya) and technical or legal (hukmiya). The term hadath is applied to legal or technical impurity, while khatyth to actual impurity. Hadath may be minor, which is removed through ablution, or it may be major (sexual defilement and menstruation) and is removed through bathing (gAws/). Similarly, actual najdsa may be heavy (mughallaza) or light (mvkhaffafa).

24 术语"wud̄ū'"也被称为小净（ṣughrā），而术语"ghusl"则被称为大净（kubrā）。

24 The term wad# is also referred to as the minor (sughra) ablution, while the term ghusl is referred to as the major (kubrd) ablution.