zakat al-fitr 何时变为（立即）应付？双方一致认为，它在斋月结束时成为义务，依据是伊本·欧麦尔的传述：“使者（愿安拉赐他慈悯与平安）规定，斋月结束时，众人应缴纳开斋的天课。”但双方在确定具体时间上存在分歧。马立克在伊本·盖西姆所传的一则记载中认为，它在开斋日黎明破晓时成为义务。阿什哈卜传述他的观点是，它在斋月最后一日日落时成为义务。第一种观点也是艾卜·哈尼法的观点，第二种观点则是沙斐仪的观点。他们分歧的原因在于：这是与开斋日相关的功修，还是与斋月的过去相关的功修，因为开斋节前夜不属于斋月。这一争论的应用体现在这样一个案例中：一个孩子在开斋日黎明之前、但在（斋月最后一日）日落之后出生。这个孩子是否需要为其缴纳开斋天课？

When does zakat al-fitr become (immediately)208 209 due? They agreed that it becomes obligatory at the end of Ramadan, because of the tradition of Ibn TJmar that “The Messenger of Allah (God’s peace and blessings be upon him) declared zakat al-fitr as prescribed for the people at the end of Ramadan”. They disagreed over the determination of a specific time. Malik, in a narration from him by Ibn al-Qasim, makes it obligatory with the breaking of the dawn on the day offitr. Ashhab has related from him that he considers it obligatory at sunset on the last day of Ramadan. The first opinion was also held by Abu Hanlfa and the second by al-ShaficT. The reason for their disagreement is whether it is a worship associated with the day of or with the passing of the month of Ramadan, as the night of ^id is not part of Ramadan. The application of this dispute is to be seen in the case of a child born before morning on the day of but after sunset (of the last day of Ramadan). Is zakat al-fitr obligatory on behalf of this child? '