6.3. 第三节:应缴纳天课的财产类别
6.3. Section 3: The categories (of wealth) from which it is obligator)
它是从哪一类财产中缴纳的?一部分法学家认为,它可以用小麦、枣子、大麦或阿吉特(一种由酸奶制成的奶酪)来缴纳,并且这由负有义务的人自行选择。另一部分法学家则认为,它应当以当地的主要食物缴纳;如果他没有当地的主要食物,则以被课税者(mukallaf)的食物缴纳。这是Abd al-Wahhab转述的马立克学派的观点。
From what kind of wealth is it due? A group of jurists held that it is due either in wheat, or dates, or barley, or in aqit (cheese made from sour milk), and that this is a choice of the person on whom it is obligatory. Another group of jurists held that it is obligatory upon him in the staple food of the land, or in the food of the mukallafif he does not possess the dominant staple food. This is what <Abd al-Wahhab has related as the opinion of the School’ (Malik’s).
他们之间分歧的原因,源于对艾布·赛义德·胡德里(Abu Sa'id al-Khudri)所传圣训的不同理解。他说:“在安拉的使者ﷺ在世时,我们以一萨阿的食物、一萨阿的大麦、一萨阿的奶酪或一萨阿的干枣来缴纳开斋济贫捐(zakat al-fitr)。”持此观点者从中理解为可以在这些物品中任选其一,凡以其中任何一种缴纳即可。而认为缴纳物品的多样性并非合法性的依据,而是应当考虑付款人自己的食物或当地主食的人,则坚持第二种观点。
The reason for their disagreement stems from their dispute over the meaning of the tradition of Abu Sa Td al-Khudri, who said, “We used to pay c zakat al-fitr during the period of the Messenger of Allah (God’s peace and blessings be upon him) as a sdt of food or a sdt of barley or a sdt of aqit or a sat of dried dates”. Those who understood a choice from this said that any of these things he pays in is sufficient. Those who understood from it that the variety in payment is not a basis of permissibility, but is the consideration of the food of the person paying or of the staple food of the land, upheld the second opinion.