本书分为两卷。第一卷论述义务斋戒，第二卷论述劝行斋戒。义务斋戒的研究分为两部分：第一部分论述斋戒，第二部分论述破斋。第一部分“斋戒”分为两章：第一章论述义务斋戒的种类，第二章论述其要素（arkān）的认定。包含破斋研究的部分分为两项：破斋（使斋戒无效）之事的认定，以及与破斋之人相关的教法规定（aḥkām）。

This book is divided into two books. The first is about obligatory fasting and the other about recommended fasting. The study of obligatory fasting is divided into two parts. The first is about fasting and the other about breaking the fast. The first part, fasting, is divided into two chapters. The first is about the kinds of obligatory fasts and the other is about the identification of its elements (arkdn). The part that includes the study of breaking the fast is divided into the identification of things which break (annul) the fast and the ahkdm related to persons who break it.

我们从本书的第一卷开始。

We begin with the first book in this (main) book.

我们从第一章开始，这一章讲述斋戒种类的辨识。

We begin with the first chapter that covers the identification of the kinds of fasting

我们说:依据律法规定的斋戒分为义务斋和劝励斋。义务斋有三种。第一种是在固定时间内的义务斋,即斋戒斋月本身。第二种是因某种原因而规定的斋戒,即赎罪斋(kaffara)。第三种是人为自己规定的斋戒,即发愿后的斋戒(nadhr)。本书中关于义务斋种类的讨论,仅涉及斋月的斋戒。赎罪斋将在赎罪成为必然后果的相关章节中讨论。同样,因发愿而斋戒的内容将在《发愿篇》中讨论。

We Say: Fasting prescribed by law is obligatory and recommended. Obligatory fasting is of three kinds. The first is obligatory during a fixed time, and this is fasting during the month of Ramadan itself. The second is prescribed due to a reason, and this is fasting for expiation (kaffara). The third is fasting that a person imposes on himself; this is fasting after a vow (nadhr). The discussion in this book about the kinds of obligatory fasting is related to fasting during the month of Ramadan alone. Fasting for expiation will be discussed on those occasions where expiation is an obligatory consequence. Similarly, fasting due to a vow will be discussed in the Book of Vows.

在斋月封斋，依据《古兰经》、圣训和穆斯林学者的一致共识，是必尽的义务。 在《古兰经》中，其依据是至尊者的话：“信道的人们啊！斋戒已为你们规定了，正如前人已被规定斋戒一样，以便你们敬畏。”{211} 在圣训中，先知ﷺ说：“伊斯兰教建立在五件事之上”，其中提到了“斋戒”；此外，先知ﷺ对那位乡下人说：“还有斋月的斋戒。”那人问：“除了这些，我还有别的义务吗？”先知ﷺ回答：“没有！除非你自愿（额外功修）。” 至于共识，则是因为对此从未有任何伊玛目提出过异议。

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is obligatory on the basis of the Qur’an, the sunnay and consensus. In the Qur’an the basis are the words of the Exalted, “O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, even as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may ward off [evil]”.211 In the sunna it is the saying of the Prophet (God’s peace and blessings be upon him), “Islam is structured on five things”—and he mentioned “fasting”; and also his words to the Bedouin, “And the fast of the month of Ramadan”. He asked, “Am I obliged for something else besides (all) this”. He replied, “No! Unless it is voluntary”. Consensus is found as there is no disagreement that has been attributed to any of the imams over this.

义务的斋戒是无选择地强制履行的，其义务人是成年、理智、不在旅途中、身体健康、且没有免除因素（对女性而言即月经）的穆斯林。对此并无异议，依据是至高者的话："你们中谁见证了这个月，就让他斋戒这个月。"212

The person on whom it is obligatory without a choice is the believer who is a major and a sane person, who is not on a journey, is in sound health, and is free of a relieving factor, which is menstruation for women. There is no dispute over this because of the words of the Exalted, “And whosoever of you is present [living through the month], let him fast the month”.212