想象一下，某天早晨你醒来，走进厨房准备早餐。走到厨房餐桌前时，你发现两片吐司上涂满了你最喜欢的巧克力酱，而酱料被排成了“I love you”几个字。你很惊讶，但为什么呢？你认为这两片面包会自己烤熟，而巧克力酱会恰好自己排列成这样，完全出于偶然吗？还是你会认为你的爱人特意早起，提前把吐司准备好了？地球上每一个理性的人都会否认这件事是没有任何意图或原因而发生的；盲目的偶然不足以作为解释。

Imagine you woke up one morning and walked to the kitchen to prepare your breakfast. As you approached the kitchen table, you found two pieces of toast with your favourite chocolate spread all over them. However, the spread has been arranged into the words ‘I love you’. You are surprised, but why? Do you think that the pieces of bread somehow managed to toast themselves, and the chocolate spread was able to arrange itself in such a way—all by chance? Or do you assume that your loved one decided to wake up a little early and prepare the toast in advance? Every rational human being on this planet will deny that it happened without any intention or cause; blind chance does not suffice as an explanation.

宇宙也不例外。它具有有序而精确的宇宙结构,指向有目的的设计。宇宙拥有一套恰好允许生命存在的法则,并且以特定的方式排列,使人类得以繁衍生息。如果法则不同,或者宇宙中不存在对生命适宜的恒星、行星以及其他大小各异的物理天体的排布,你现在就不会在这里读这本书。事实上,那样就根本不会有人类的生命。再考虑另一个类比。 245 设想你是一名为美国国家航空航天局工作的宇航员。时间是2070年,你将成为第一个造访另一星系中类地行星的人类。你的任务是寻找生命。你终于降落了,走出飞船时,眼前只有岩石。然而,继续前行后,你最终发现了一座看起来像巨大温室的建筑。透过它,你可以看到类似人类的生物在走动、进食、玩耍、工作,过着正常而富有成效的生活。你还看到了植物、树木和其他植被。当你靠近这座建筑时,几位友好的"外星人"大使迎接你,并邀请你进入。在与这些友善的"外星人"的初次会面中,他们告诉你,这座建筑内的氧气含量恰到好处,水和化学物质的量也足以支持食物的生产和维持生命的植被。你对他们所说的感到惊讶,于是问他们是如何创造出能维持生命的、运转良好的生态系统的。其中一位大使回答说:"这是偶然发生的。"

The universe is no different. It has an orderly and precise cosmic architecture that points towards purposeful design. The universe has the right set of laws to permit the existence of life, and it is ordered in a particular way to allow humans to flourish. If the laws were different or the universe did not contain a life-sensitive arrangement of stars, planets, and other physical things of varying sizes, you would not be here reading this book. In fact, there would be no human life at all. Consider another analogy.245 Imagine you are an astronaut working for NASA. The year is 2070, and you will be the first human being to visit an Earth-like planet in another galaxy. Your mission is to search for life. You finally land, and as you get out of your spaceship, you see nothing but rocks. However, as you continue your travels you eventually find something that looks like a huge greenhouse. Inside, you can see human-like creatures walking around, eating, playing, working and living normal productive lives. You also notice plants, trees, and other vegetation. As you approach the structure, friendly ambassadors receive you and invite you in. During your initial meeting with these friendly ‘aliens’, they tell you that the structure has the right levels of oxygen. It also has adequate amounts of water and chemical compounds to facilitate the production of food and life-supporting vegetation. Amazed by what you hear, you ask them how they managed to create a fully functioning ecological system that sustains life. One of the ambassadors responds, “It happened by chance”.

当你的思绪开始领会这一荒谬论断的含义时，你立刻意识到：这种结构唯一可能的解释，是它出自一位有智慧的存在的设计，而不是某种随机的物理过程。正当这些念头在你脑中盘旋时，另一位大使插话道：“他只是在开玩笑。”众人哄堂大笑。

Immediately your mind starts to comprehend the implications of such a ludicrous statement. The only possible explanation for the structure is that it was designed by an intelligent being, not some random physical process. As these thoughts run through your mind, another ambassador interrupts and says, “He is only joking.” Everybody laughs.

如果在一颗岩石行星上，一个微小的生态结构就让人得出它必定是被设计的结论，那么试想一下，我们应当对整个宇宙得出怎样的结论。宇宙及其中的一切都遵循物理定律。如果这些定律有所不同，就不会有复杂的有意识生命。宇宙包含数以十亿计的恒星和星系。在无数的星系之中，又存在着不可胜数的行星。其中一颗便是我们的家园——地球。我们的星球上生活着数以万亿计的有意识生物。试想，如果这些有意识的生命之所以存在，是由于天体与物理定律之间一种精妙敏感的安排，那么我们必然会得出怎样的结论呢？那不可避免的结论简单而深刻：这绝非偶然的结果。

If a small ecological structure on a rocky planet evokes the conclusion that it must have been designed, then imagine what we should conclude about the whole universe. The universe and everything within it obeys physical laws. If these laws were different there would be no complex conscious life. The universe contains billions of stars and galaxies. Among the countless galaxies occur innumerable planets. One of these planets is our home, Earth. Our planet contains trillions of conscious creatures. Imagine the conclusion we must reach if the reason these conscious beings exist is due to a sensitive arrangement of celestial bodies and physical laws. The inevitable conclusion is simple, yet profound: this was not a result of chance.

伊斯兰教的依据。

The Islamic basis.

这一论证有其伊斯兰根基。《古兰经》提到了天体、昼夜交替、植物、动物以及其他自然现象。真主以精确的造化创造了这一切:"太阳和月亮按照精确的计算运行。星辰和树木都在叩拜。天,他已将它高举,并设立了天平。"246

This argument has an Islamic foundation. The Qur’an refers to celestial objects, the alternation of night and day, vegetation, animals and other physical phenomena. God created all of these things with a Divine precision: “The sun and the moon [move] by precise calculation. And the stars and trees prostrate. And the heaven He raised and imposed the meezaan.”246

阿拉伯语单词“Meezan”（米扎尼）有几种含义，其中包括“平衡”和“神圣的精确”。这个词表明，宇宙是以精确、平衡与和谐被创造的。《古兰经》中还有许多其他经文，同样指出了宇宙中的这种精确、秩序与和谐。

The Arabic word meezan has a few meanings. These include balance and Divine precision. This word indicates that the cosmos was created with precision, balance and harmony. Many other references in the Qur’an indicate this cosmic precision, order and harmony in the universe:

“诚然，在天地的创造以及昼夜的更替之中，对有理智者而言有许多迹象。”247

“Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the Earth and the alternation of the night and the day are signs for those of understanding.”247

“他为你们制服了黑夜和白昼，以及太阳和月亮，星辰也都是受他的命令而被制服的。这里面确有迹象，给那些懂得思考的人们。”248

“And He has subjected for you the night and day and the sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed, in that are signs for a people who reason.”248

伊斯兰学术界常借宇宙的设计来唤起人们对设计者与创造者的需要，甚至将其用于公开辩论。例如，安萨里写道："即便是最低等的心智，只要稍加思索这大地与天空的奇妙，植物与动物的精妙造化，怎能对此视而不见：这个有着井然秩序的美妙世界，必定有一位创造者来设计、决定并主宰它？"249

Islamic scholarship has referred to the design of the cosmos to evoke the need for a designer and maker. They have even used it in public debates. For example, Al-Ghazali writes: “How can even the lowest mind, if he reflects at all the marvels of this earth and sky, the brilliant fashioning of plants and animals, remain blind to the fact that this wonderful world with its settled order must have a maker to design, determine and direct it?”249.

阿布·哈尼法是伊斯兰教的伟大学者之一，他曾与一位无神论者展开辩论。据记载，这位学者成功地运用了一种设计论论证的变体。

Abu Hanifa, one of the great scholars of Islam, once engaged in a discussion with an atheist. It was reported that the scholar successfully used a variant of the argument from design:

“‘在我们进入这个问题的讨论之前，告诉我，你们认为幼发拉底河上的一条船，自己靠岸，自己装上食物和其他东西，然后返回，自己抛锚、自己卸货，而没有任何人驾驶或操控，这种情况怎么样？’他们说：‘那是不可能的，绝不会发生。’于是他对他们说：‘如果一条船都不可能这样，那么整个世界，连同它的广阔无垠，怎么可能自己运动起来呢？’”250

“‘Before we enter into a discussion on this question, tell me what you think of a boat in the Euphrates which goes to shore, loads itself with food and other things, then returns, anchors and unloads all by itself without anyone sailing or controlling it?’ They said, ‘That is impossible; it could never happen.’ Thereupon he said to them, ‘If it is impossible with respect to a ship, how is it possible for this whole world, with all its vastness, to move by itself?’”250

这些古兰经经文和伊斯兰学术观点，与过去十年物理学的发现相呼应。这些发现表明，宇宙的物理定律似乎恰好为生命而精确设定，宇宙也具有某种特定的秩序，有利于人类的存在。这种精确性也被许多物理学家、神学家和哲学家称为"微调"。

These Qur’anic verses and Islamic scholarship echo the discoveries in physics in the past decade, which have shown that the universe has physical laws that seem to be precisely set for life, and that the universe has a particular order that facilitates human existence. This precision has also been referred to as ‘fine-tuning’ by many physicists, theologians and philosophers.

Fine-tuning.

Fine-tuning.

宇宙的精密调校包含多个方面。首先,如果宇宙的定律不存在,生命,尤其是复杂的有意识的生命,就不可能存在。其次,宇宙呈现出一种令人惊叹的秩序;天体及其他物理对象的排布方式,有利于地球上的生命。与这些精密调校各个方面相关的全部数据,共同为宇宙被设计来孕育复杂的有感知生命这一观点,提供了有力的累积性论证。

The fine-tuning of the universe consists of various aspects. Firstly, if the laws of the universe were to not exist, life, especially complex conscious life, would not be possible. Secondly, the universe displays a fascinating order; the way celestial and other physical objects have been arranged facilitates life on Earth. All of the data associated with these different aspects of fine-tuning provide a strong cumulative case for the universe being designed to harbour complex, sentient life.

物理法则

Physical laws.

必定存在一套恰好适宜的法则，生命才得以存在。倘若这些法则哪怕只是稍有改变，宇宙便会是一个没有复杂生命的宇宙：

There must have been exactly the right set of laws for life to exist. If these laws were even slightly changed, the result would be a universe without complex life:

• 万有引力定律:引力是两个物体之间的吸引力。没有引力,就不会有使物质聚合的力量。因此,就不会有恒星(也就不会有行星)。没有任何恒星,就不会有可持续的能量来源来维持生命。251 宇宙将是一片黑暗空旷的真空。

• The law of gravity: Gravity is the force of attraction between two masses. Without gravity, there would be no force to aggregate things. Therefore, there would be no stars (and no planets). Without any stars, there would not be any sustainable source of energy to facilitate life.251 The universe would be a dark, empty vacuum.

• 电磁力:这种独特的力作用于宇宙中的一切事物。电磁力赋予物体强度、形状和硬度。没有它,原子就不会存在,因为将不会有任何东西使电子保持在轨道上运行。没有原子,就不可能有生命。电磁力还通过吸引电荷引起化学键合。若没有任何化学键合,生命同样无法存在。252.

• The electromagnetic force: This unique force affects everything within the universe. The electromagnetic force is responsible for giving things strength, shape and hardness. Without it, atoms would not exist, because nothing would keep the electrons in orbit. If there were no atoms, there could not be any life. The electromagnetic force also causes chemical bonding by attracting charges. In absence of any chemical bonding, life could not exist.252.

电磁力有一个引人注目的特点:它的强度只有一种,却能满足一系列的要求。约翰·莱斯利教授在其著作《无限之心:一种哲学宇宙论》(Infinite Minds: A Philosophical Cosmology)中写道:

An interesting aspect of the electromagnetic force is that it has one-force strength, yet it satisfies a range of requirements. In his book, Infinite Minds: A Philosophical Cosmology, Professor John Leslie writes:

“电磁力具有一种单一的强度，它使多个关键过程得以发生：它使恒星能够稳定燃烧数十亿年；它使恒星中的碳得以合成；它确保轻子不会取代夸克，否则原子将无法形成；它还使质子既不会衰变得过快，也不会相互排斥得过于强烈，否则化学将无法存在。同一种单一的电磁力强度，怎么可能满足如此多种不同的需求呢？看起来，这些过程中的每一个都似乎需要不同的强度。”

“Electromagnetism has one-force strength, which enables multiple key processes to take place: it allows stars to burn steadily for billions of years; it enables carbon synthesis in stars; it ensures that leptons do not replace quarks, which would have made atoms impossible; it is responsible for protons not decaying too fast or repelling each other too strongly, which would have made chemistry impossible. How is it possible for the same one-force strength to satisfy so many different requirements, when it seems that different strengths would be required for each of these processes?”253.

也许对莱斯利的问题，一个令人满意的回答是：这种力恰好经过精确调校，能够满足所有这些要求。

Maybe a satisfactory answer to Leslie’s question is that this force is precisely calibrated to satisfy all of these requirements.

• 强核力：由于原子核由带正电的质子组成，同性电荷相互排斥，原子核本应瞬间四散飞裂。然而，原子核之所以能保持完整，是因为强核力的作用。若此力发生改变，“宇宙很可能会变成一个巨大的黑洞。”254

• The strong nuclear force: Since the nucleus is made up of positively charged protons, it should just fly apart, because charges repel each other. However, the nucleus remains intact because of the strong nuclear force. If this were changed, “the universe would most likely consist of a giant black hole.”254.

• 弱核力:弱核力比引力强,但其作用只在极小的距离内才有效。它为恒星提供能量,并参与元素的形成。它也负责放射性衰变。如果没有这种力,太阳就无法燃烧,因为它在核聚变中扮演着重要角色。如果这种力稍微变强或变弱,恒星就无法形成。鉴于上述物理定律微调的例子,任何有理性的人都会提出一些严肃的问题:这些物理定律从何而来?为什么我们观察到的是这套定律,而不是另一套?这些定律如何驱动非意识、非理性、盲目和随机的物理过程,以促成人类生命的存在?得出结论:有一位立法者、一位"伟大的"数学家,或某种宇宙"心智"创造了这些定律以促成有意识的生命,这是理性思维的表现。

• The weak nuclear force: The weak nuclear force is stronger than the force of gravity, but its strength is only effectual at extremely small distances. It is responsible for fuelling stars and the formation of elements. It is also responsible for radioactive decay. The sun would not be able to burn without this force, as it plays an important role in nuclear fusion. If this force were slightly stronger or weaker, stars would not form. In light of the above examples of the fine-tuning of physical laws, any rational person would ask some serious questions: Where did these laws of physics come from? Why do we observe these laws rather than a different set? How do these laws drive non-conscious, non-rational, blind and random physical processes to facilitate human life? It is a sign of a rational mind to conclude that a lawmaker, a ‘grand’ mathematician, or cosmic ‘mind’ created these laws to facilitate conscious life.

宇宙秩序。

Cosmic order.

我们在宇宙中所观察到的井然有序的秩序与天体之间的和谐，不仅令普通的思想者心生敬畏，也使最伟大的头脑为之着迷。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过：

The orderly display we observe in the universe, and its celestial harmony, has not only evoked awe in the average thinker, but also mesmerised the greatest minds. Albert Einstein once said:

“我不是无神论者，但我也不认为自己能称为泛神论者。我们就像一个小孩走进一座巨大的图书馆，里面摆满了用许多种语言写成的书。这个孩子知道这些书一定有人写过，却不知道是怎样写成的。它看不懂书中所用的语言。它隐约感到书架的排列中有某种神秘的秩序，却不知道那秩序是什么。在我看来，这正是即便是最聪明的人对待神的态度。我们看到宇宙奇妙地安排着，遵循着某些法则，但我们只是隐约理解这些法则。我们有限的心智，只能勉强领会那推动星辰运行的神秘力量。”255.

“I’m not an atheist, and I do not think I can call myself a pantheist. We are in the position of a little child entering a huge library filled with books in many languages. The child knows someone must have written those books. It does not know how. It does not understand the languages in which they are written. The child dimly suspects a mysterious order in the arrangement of the books but does not know what it is. That, it seems to me, is the attitude of even the most intelligent human being toward God. We see the universe marvellously arranged and obeying certain laws but only dimly understand these laws. Our limited minds grasp the mysterious force that moves the constellations.”255.

即使是直言不讳的无神论者理查德·道金斯，也曾评论宇宙中的秩序。尽管他否定设计假说，并提出了自己的自然主义解释，但他仍然强调了那种令爱因斯坦等人为之着迷的东西：

Even the outspoken atheist Richard Dawkins has commented on the order in the universe. Although he dismisses the design hypothesis and provides his own naturalistic explanation, he still highlights what mesmerised the likes of Einstein:

“但我在写作时所看到的是，我们能够活着是幸运的，你们也是如此。我们所居住的这颗星球，几乎完美地适合我们这类生命的存在：不太热，也不太冷，沐浴在温和的阳光之下，水源柔和充沛；它是一座缓缓旋转、绿金相间的丰收庆典般的星球……一颗随机选取的星球，恰好具有这些宜人特性的几率又有多大呢？”256.

“But what I see as I write is that I am lucky to be alive and so are you. We live on a planet that is all but perfect for our kind of life: not too warm and not too cold, basking in kindly sunshine, softly watered; a gently spinning, green and gold harvest festival of a planet… what are the odds that a planet picked at random would have these complaisant properties?”256.

宇宙的确“精妙地编排”，并呈现出错综复杂的秩序。如果这种秩序有所不同，人类的生命就极不可能繁衍兴盛。以下是一些精选的例子，供人深思：

The universe is indeed “marvellously arranged” and it displays intricate order. If this order were different, it would be highly unlikely that human life could flourish. Here are some selected examples to reflect upon:

• 地球的位置:我们星球维持生命的特征之一,是它与太阳的距离。地球位于一个被称为宜居带的区域。这一区域被定义为“中心恒星的热量能使行星表面温度保持在使水洋既不冻结、也不超过沸点的区域”。257 如果我们的星球离太阳稍近一些,就会太热而无法孕育生命;如果离得更远,则会太冷,无法支持像我们这样的复杂生命。

• The position of our planet: One of the life-supporting features of our planet is its distance from the Sun. Earth is located in an area known as the habitable zone. This zone is defined as the “region where heating from the central star provides a planetary surface temperature at which a water ocean neither freezes over nor exceeds boiling point.”257 If our planet were slightly closer to the Sun, it would be too hot to host life. If it were farther away, it would be too cold to facilitate complex life, such as our own.

• 木星的引力：如果太阳系中没有气态巨行星木星，生命将面临严重的影响。地质科学教授彼得·沃德坚称：“没有木星，地球上很可能就不会有今天的动物生命。”258木星如同宇宙的盾牌：它的引力会“吸走”小行星，从而阻止彗星和小行星撞击我们的星球。没有这颗友善的气态巨行星，高等生命的出现或许就不可能实现。美国国家航空航天局萨根研究员丽贝卡·马丁研究了木星的影响，她指出：“我们的研究表明，迄今观测到的行星系统中，只有极少数似乎拥有位置恰当的巨行星，能够形成大小合适的小行星带，从而为附近岩质行星上的生命提供可能。……我们的研究表明，我们的太阳系可能相当特别。”259

• Jupiter’s gravitational pull: The absence of the gas giant Jupiter in our solar system would have severe implications for life. Professor of Geological Sciences Peter Ward maintains, “Without Jupiter, there is a strong likelihood that animal life would not exist on Earth today.”258 Jupiter acts as a cosmic shield; it prevents comets and asteroids from bombarding our planet because its gravitational pull ‘sucks’ up asteroids. Without our friendly gas giant, the development of advanced life might not have been possible Rebecca Martin, a NASA Sagan Fellow who studied the influence of Jupiter, states, “Our study shows that only a tiny fraction of planetary systems observed to date seem to have giant planets in the right location to produce an asteroid belt of the appropriate size, offering the potential for life on a nearby rocky planet… Our study suggests that our solar system may be rather special.”259

如果没有木星的存在，由于小行星和彗星频繁撞击，地球上的生命将极难维系。260 261。

Without the presence of Jupiter, life on our planet would have been extremely difficult to sustain, due to the large number of collisions by asteroids and comets.260 261.

• 月球潮汐:地球上的潮汐是由月球引力造成的,而月球的体积相对较大。月球形成之后曾比现在更靠近地球,但这种近距离持续的时间很短。如果月球没有因角动量而向外退离,地球将遭受严重影响,其中包括地表升温,这将阻碍复杂生命的出现。

• Lunar tides: The relatively large size of Earth’s moon is responsible for tides, due to its gravitational pull. After the Moon’s formation, it was closer to the Earth than it is now, but this proximity was short-lived. If the Moon had not receded (due to angular momentum), there would have been serious effects on our planet. These include heating the Earth’s surface, which would have prevented complex life from emerging.

沃德教授解释说，如果月球距离地球更近，地壳会因潮汐力而发生弯曲，并产生摩擦生热，甚至可能使地球的岩石表面熔化："离地球较近的月球所引起的海洋潮汐（以及陆地潮汐）将会极其巨大，地壳的弯曲以及摩擦生热，可能确实使岩石表面熔化了。"262

Professor Ward explains that a closer Moon would have flexed the Earth’s crust and produced frictional heating, possibly melting its surface: “The ocean tides (and land tides) from a nearby Moon would have been enormous, and the flexing of the Earth’s crust, along with the frictional heating, may have actually melted the rocky surface.”262.

• 稳定地球自转轴的倾角:月球也对稳定地球自转轴的倾角起到了作用。沃德教授解释说,尽管“倾斜的方向会随着地球的摆动在数万年的时间里变化,很像旋转陀螺的岁差,但倾斜角相对于轨道平面几乎保持不变。”263

• Stabilizing the tilt of the Earth’s spin axis: The Moon has also been responsible for stabilizing the tilt of the Earth’s axis. Professor Ward explains that even though “the direction of the tilt varies over periods of tens of thousands of years as the planet wobbles, much like precession of a spinning top, the angle of the tilt relative to the orbit plane remains almost fixed.”263.

这个角度因月球的引力作用，已稳定维持了数亿年。如果月球更小，或者它相对于太阳和木星的位置有所不同，它就无法提供“地球气温的长期稳定”。

This angle has held steady for hundreds of millions of years due to the gravitational pull of the moon. If the moon were smaller, or had a different location in relation to the Sun and Jupiter, it would not provide “long-term stability of the Earth’s temperature”.

因此,如果地球没有月球,我们星球的气候将是动荡、剧烈且不断变化的。只会出现微小的生物,复杂的生命将不可能存在。鉴于以上所述,什么最能解释物理定律以及我们太阳系的有序呈现?以下有几个选项:

264 Therefore, if the Earth did not have a moon, the climate of our planet would be dynamic, severe and ever changing. Only small organisms would have emerged, and complex life would not be possible. In light of the above, what best explains the laws of physics and the orderly display of our solar system? There are a few options:

机遇、物理必然性、多元宇宙，或设计。

chance, physical necessity, the multiverse or design.

机会

Chance.

这种精细调校竟然是偶然出现的，就意味着物理定律和太阳系的面貌都是在没有任何意图或目的的情况下形成的，它们源自意外的、随机的、杂乱无章的原因。这是一种不合理的断言。请看这幅李小龙的画像。265

For this fine-tuning to have arisen by chance indicates that the laws of physics and the display of our solar system occurred without any intention or purpose. They were a result of accidental, random and haphazard causes. This is an irrational assertion. Consider this painting of Bruce Lee265

.

.

如果我说，这幅画是偶然的结果——墨水恰好滴落在画布上，便形成了眼前这幅图画——你会立刻不予采信。这是因为你的经验和背景知识告诉你，这是不可能的。同样，如果我主张自由女神像是盲目偶然的产物，你会认为我是被误导了。

If I told you that it was a result of chance—that some ink fell on the canvas and produced this picture—you would dismiss the idea immediately. That’s because your experiences and background information tell you it is impossible. Similarly, if I argued that the Statue of Liberty was a result of blind chance, you would think I was deluded.

"机会假说"不仅是非理性的，而且是反话语的。我的意思是，如果有人主张机会，那就等同于提出任何一种非理性的主张。举例来说，我可以告诉一位无神论者，我相信我的母亲其实不是我称为母亲的那个女人，而是一头粉红色的大象，它出生在冥王星上，乘着一根巨大的羽毛飞到这里。我的无神论朋友会说我疯了，但我会回答："仍然有可能。"采纳机会假说会使一切主张都变得可能，理性在我们的学术讨论和日常讨论中也就变得多余了。我可以断言伊斯兰教是真的，因为它有可能是真的，而且我完全有认识论上的权利提出这样的主张，因为一旦有人把机会假说当作论证，它就为任何人主张任何他想主张的东西打开了大门。

The chance hypothesis is not only irrational, it is counter-discourse. What I mean by this is that if someone were to claim chance, it would be equivalent to making any type of irrational claim. For instance, I could tell an atheist that I believe that my mother is not really the woman who I call my mother, but rather a large pink elephant that was born on Pluto and flew here on a giant feather. My atheist friend would call me crazy, but I would reply, “There’s still a chance.” Adopting the chance hypothesis renders all claims possible, and the role of reason would be made redundant in our academic and everyday discussions. I could assert that Islam is true because there is a chance that it is, and I would be within my epistemic rights to make such a claim because the minute someone adopts the chance hypothesis as an argument, it opens the door to anyone claiming anything they want to claim.

一个接受“机遇假说”可以解释物理定律微调现象的无神论者，必须被指控为存在双重标准的智识问题。在日常决策中，人们并不会把极不可能的事情归因于机遇，作为合理的解释。试想一位无神论的母亲告诉儿子睡前不许吃饼干，结果却发现儿子睡在地板上，满脸都是饼干屑，饼干罐就敞开放在他身旁。你认为她会得出什么结论？你认为她会想到机遇假说吗？当然不会。试想如果把这种推理方式应用于我们的金融交易，或应用于法庭和政治，日常生活、世界事务和经济都将陷入混乱。许多无神论者在谈论上帝时提高了认识论的标准，但在日常生活中却采用另一套标准。他们坚持否认显而易见的事实，似乎有着情感上的原因（或者，正如一些思想家所主张的，有着精神上的原因）。对一些无神论者来说，所谓的理性论证不过是一层面纱，用来掩盖一个更深的问题：不愿崇拜上帝的傲慢（见第15章）。

An atheist who accepts the chance hypothesis as a valid explanation for the fine-tuning of the physical laws must be accused of intellectual double standards. In their everyday decisions, chance is not factored in as a reasonable justification for extremely improbable things. Consider an atheist telling her son not to eat any cookies before he goes to bed, only to find him sleeping on the floor with crumbs all over his face and the cookie jar open right next to him. What do you think she will conclude? Do you think the chance hypothesis would even enter her mind? Of course not. Imagine such reasoning being applied to our financial transactions, or in courts of law and politics. Day-to-day life, world affairs and our economy would be chaotic. Many atheists raise the epistemic bar when it comes to God, yet for their day-to-day lives use a different standard. Their insistence in denying the obvious seems to have an emotional cause (or, as some thinkers argue, a spiritual one). For some atheists, the so-called rational arguments serve as a veil to hide a greater issue: the arrogance of not wanting to worship God (see Chapter 15).