روى الإمام أحمد رحمه الله في مسنده: حدثني يحيى بن بكير، عن زهير بن محمد، عن موسى بن جبير، عن نافع، عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما، أنه سمع رسول الله ﷺ يقول: "لما أُنزل آدم ﷺ إلى الأرض، قالت الملائكة: يا رب! {أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ} [البقرة: ٣٠]. ثم قالوا: ربنا! نحن أطوع لك من بني آدم. فقال الله تعالى لهم: اختاروا من خياركم ملكين لأهبطهما إلى الأرض. فقالت الملائكة: ربنا! (اخترنا) هاروت وماروت، فهبطا إلى الأرض، فتمثلت لهما الزهرة في صورة أجمل امرأة على الأرض."
Narrated Imam Ahmed (May Allah rest his soul) in his Musnad: I was told by Yahya Ibn Bakir after Zuhair Ibn Muhammad after Musa Ibn Iubair after Nafi after `Abdullah Ibn `Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) that he heard Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) as saying: "When Adam (Peace be upon him) was put down on earth, the angels said: 0 Lord! {Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, -while we glorify You with praises and thanks and sanctify You}. (Al-Baqarah, 30) They continued: Our Lord! We obey You more than man does. Allah the Almighty said to them: Appoint two angels from amongst you to descend to earth. The angels said: Our Lord! (We chose) Harut and Marut. They went down to earth where the flower appeared to them in the form of the most beautiful woman on earth.
طلبوا منها أن تقيم معهم علاقة جنسية. فقالت: لا، إلا بعد أن تكفروا بالله. فأبوا، فانصرفت عنهم مدة. ثم عادت وهي تحمل طفلاً بين ذراعيها، فطلبوا منها ذلك للمرة الثانية.
They asked her to have sexual intercourse with them. But, she said: only after you disbelieve in Allah. They refused and she went away for a while. Then, she came back holding a child in her arms and they asked her for the second time.
قالت: أولاً، يجب أن تقتلوا هذا الغلام. فرفضوا، فذهبت لبعض الوقت ثم عادت وهي تحمل كأساً من الخمر. فطلبوا منها للمرة الثالثة. فقالت: أولاً، يجب أن تشربوا هذه الكأس من الخمر. فشربوا الخمر، وزنوا بها، وأخيراً قتلوا الغلام. ولما عادت إليهم عقولهم، قالت المرأة: والله! بعد أن شربتم الخمر فعلتم كل ما كنتم قد أبيتم فعله أولاً. عندئذٍ خُيّروا بين أن ينالهم عذاب الدنيا أو عذاب الآخرة.
She said: first, you must kill this boy. They refused to and she went away for a while and then, came back holding a glass of wine. They asked her for the third time. She said: First, you must drink this glass of wine. They drank the wine, committed adultery with her and finally killed the boy. When they restored their conscience, the woman said: By Allah! After you had drunk the wine, you committed all that which you refused to do at first. Thereupon, they were given the choice between receiving the torment of this like or that of the Hereafter.
They' chose that of the present life." (رواه الإمام أحمد) وروى ذلك أيضاً أبو حاتم ابن حبان في صحيحه عن الحسن عن سفيان عن أبي بكر ابن أبي شيبة عن يحيى ابن بكير. غير أن هذا الحديث غريب من هذا الطريق.
They' chose that of the present life." (Narrated by Imam Ahmed) The same was narrated by Abu Hatim Ibn Hibban in his Sahih after Al-Hasan after Sufyan after Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Shaibah after Yahya Ibn Bakir. However, this Hadith is an Unfamiliar3 one from this Chain of Transmission.
جميع رواته ثقات، إلا الراوي المسمى موسى بن إيوبير.
All its narrators are trustworthy but the one named Musa Ibn Iubair.
Very Important:
Very Important:
لقد روى كثير من العلماء والناقلين قصصًا وروايات متنوعة تتعلق بقصة هاروت وماروت، لكن جميع التفاصيل التي ذكروها يمكن إرجاعها إلى ما نقله بنو إسرائيل. أما الحديث أو الرواية التي تُسند إلى النبي محمد ﷺ، المعصوم الذي لا ينطق إلا بالحق، فلا يوجد منها ولا حديث واحد. وفضلًا عن ذلك، فإن نص القرآن الكريم لا يذكر هذه القصة بالتفصيل، ولذلك نؤمن بما ورد في القرآن الكريم كما هو، دون زيادة أو نقصان. وأخيرًا، الله أعلم! قال الله تعالى: {وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ}، وقال ابن عباس رضي الله عنه.
Many scholars and transmitters narrated various stories and narrations pertaining to the story of Harut and Marut, but all the details they mentioned could be traced down to the narrations made by the Children of Israel. However, there is not a single Hadith or Narration that can be traced down to Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), the infallible one who says nothing but the truth. In addition, the text of the Glorious Qur'an does not relate this story in details, and thus we believe in what is mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an as it is without any increase or decrease. Finally, Allah knows best! Allah Almighty says: {But neither of these two taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us) "}, Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
قالوا: كانوا يحذّرون كلّ من أتاهم ليتعلّم السحر، ويقولون له: {إنّما نحن فتنةٌ فلا تكفُر} (بتعلّمك هذا السحر منّا)، إذ كانوا يعرفون ما هو خير وما هو شرّ، والإيمان والكفر، فعلموا بذلك أنّ السحر من الكفر. قاله ابن عبّاس رضي الله عنه.
said: they used to warn anyone who came to them to learn magic and say to him: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)}, that they knew what is good, bad, belief and disbelief and thus they knew that magic is of disbelief. Ibn 'Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ يَصْرِفُوهُ، قِيلَ لَهُ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى مَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا. هُنَاكَ يَجِدُ الشَّيْطَانَ الَّذِي يُعَلِّمُهُ. وَفِي الْوَقْتِ نَفْسِهِ الَّذِي يُتَعَلَّمُ فِيهِ السِّحْرُ، يَخْرُجُ إِيمَانُهُ (الَّذِي يُرْمَزُ إِلَيْهِ بِالنُّورِ) مِنْ جَسَدِهِ، فَيَرَاهُ يَطِيرُ فِي السَّمَاءِ. فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ: وَيْلِي! وَيُضَافُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ: قَالَ الْحَسَنُ الْبَصْرِيُّ: أُرْسِلَ الْمَلَكَانِ بِالسِّحْرِ لِيُعَلِّمَا النَّاسَ اخْتِبَارًا لَهُمْ، وَأَخَذَ اللهُ عَلَيْهِمَا الْمِيثَاقَ أَلَّا يُعَلِّمَا أَحَدًا {حَتَّى يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ} [البقرة: 102]. (رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ)
continued: if they could not dissuade him, they told him to go to such and such place. There he could find Satan who teaches him. The same time one is taught magic, his belief (symbolized as light) gets out of his body and he could see it flying away in the sky. Upon this, he would say: woe to me! In addition: Al- Hasan Al-Basri said: the two angels were sent with magic to teach the people as a test for them and Allah took their covenant that they do not teach anybody {till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)"}. (Narrated by Ibn Abu Hatim)
قال قتادة: أُخذ عليهم الميثاق ألا يعلّموا أحدًا حتى يقولوا: {إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر}. وقال السدي أيضًا: كانوا إذا جاءهم من يريد تعلم السحر حذّروه وقالوا له: {إنما نحن فتنة فلا تكفر}. فإن أصرّ قالوا: اذهب إلى تلك الكومة من الرماد وانضح عليها الليمون. فإن ذهب الرجل وفعل ما أُمر به رأى نورًا يخرج من ذلك الرماد ويطير حتى يبلغ السماء، فهذا هو الإيمان. أما إذا كان ما يأتي شيئًا أسود يشبه الدخان فيدخل أذنيه وجميع جسده، فهذا هو غضب الله. بعد ذلك يخبرهم الرجل بما جرى، فيعلّمونه السحر. وهذا تفسير قول الله تعالى: {وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّىٰ يَقُولَا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلَا تَكْفُرْ ۖ فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ ۚ وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمْ ۚ وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ ۚ وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ ۚ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ}.
Narrated Qatadah: The Covenant was taken from them that they don't teach anyone till they say: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)}. Moreover, As-Sadiy said: they used to warn anyone who came to them to learn magic and say to him: {We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)}. But, if he insisted, they would say: Go to that pile of ashes and "squeeze the lemon thereon". If the man goes and does what he was ordered, he would see a light coming out of that ashes and flies till it reaches the sky -verily, this is belief. Instead, there would come a black object that would look like smokes and enters his ears and the whole of his body -verily, this is Allah's Wrath. After that, the man tells them of what happened and they consequently teaches him magic. This is the interpretation of Allah's Saying: {But neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had said, "We are only for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)." And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife, but they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave. And they learn that which harms them and profits them not. And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter. And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew}.
في تفسير هذه الآية القرآنية، يروي سنيد بن حجاج عن ابن جريج قوله: لا أحد يمارس السحر إلا كافر. أما كلمة "فتنة"، فمعناها الاختبار والابتلاء. وقد استدل بعض العلماء بهذه الآية على أن من يمارس السحر يصبح كافرًا.
In the interpretation of this Qur'anic Verse, Sunaid Ibn Hajjaj narrates after Ibn Juraij his saying: there is no one who practices magic but a disbeliever. As for the word "trial", it means a test and an ordeal. Some scholars found a textual proof in this Verse that whosoever practices magic; he becomes a disbeliever.
ويُعضِّد ذلك الحديثُ النبوي الذي رواه الحافظ أبو بكر البزار، عن محمد بن المثنى، عن معاوية، عن الأعمش، عن إبراهيم، عن همام، عن عبد الله قال:
This is supported by the Prophetic Hadith that has been narrated by Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar after Muhammad Ibn Al-Muthanna after Mu'awiyah after Al- A'mash after Ibrahim after Hammam on the authority of 'Abdullah as saying:
من أتى كاهناً أو عرّافاً فصدّقه بما يقول فقد كفر بما أُنزل على محمد ﷺ.
(حديث صحيح)
"Whosoever attends himself to (or comes to) a soothsayer or a magician and believes in what he says: he will become a disbeliever in what has been sent to Muhammad (Peace be upon him) ". (An Authentic Hadith)
قال الله تعالى: ﴿فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ﴾، أي: يتعلم الناس من هاروت وماروت السحر الذي يفرقون به بين المرء وزوجه، مع أن بينهما نوعاً من الألفة والمحبة. وهذا يحدث بمكر الشياطين، كما ورد في صحيح مسلم من حديث جابر بن عبد الله رضي الله عنه أن النبي ﷺ قال: «إن إبليس يضع عرشه على الماء، ثم يبعث سراياه، فأدناهم منه منزلةً أعظمهم فتنةً، يجيء أحدهم فيقول: فعلتُ كذا وكذا. فيقول: ما صنعتَ شيئاً. ثم يجيء أحدهم فيقول: ما تركتُه حتى فرّقتُ بينه وبين امرأته. فيُدنيه منه ويقول: نعم أنت».
Allah the Almighty says: {And from these (angels) people learn that by which they cause separation between man and his wife}, i.e. the people learns from Harut and Marut the magic by which they cause separation between man and his wife though they (the man and his wife) have some kind of affinity and passion. This is caused by cunning of the devils as transmitted in Imam Muslim's Sahih from the Hadith narrated by Jabir Ibn 'Abdullah that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) says: "Iblis places his throne upon water; he then sends detachments (for creating dissension); the nearer to him in rank are those who are most notorious in creating dissension. One of them comes and says: I did so and so. And he says: You have done nothing. Then one amongst them comes and says: I did not spare so and so until I sowed the seed of discord between a husband and a wife. The Satan goes near him and says: 'You have done well.
قال الأعمش: «ثم يعانقه». والشقاق بين الزوج وزوجته قد يُحدَث بالسحر، وذلك بأن يُخيّل الشيطان لكل واحد منهما شيئًا سيئًا عن الآخر، من رأيٍ أو هيئةٍ أو غير ذلك.
"Al-A'mash said: "He then embraces him." The dissension between a husband and his wife can be created through magic in that the devil let each one of them imagine something bad -a view, or manner, etc. -about the other.
قال الله تعالى: {وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ}، وقال أبو سفيان الثوري: لا يضرّون بذلك أحدًا إلا بقضاء الله. وقال محمد بن إسحاق: لا يضرّون بذلك أحدًا إلا إذا أمكنهم الله من ذلك.
Allah the Almighty says: {But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave}, Abu Sufyan Ath-Thawri said: they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Decree. In addition, Muhammad Ibn Ishaq said: they could not thus harm anyone except in case Allah enables them to do so.
قال الحسن البصري رضي الله عنه: {وَمَا هُم بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ}، أي: من أراد الله أن يُصاب بالضرر أُصيب به، ومن لم يُرِد الله أن يُصاب لم يُصَب. وفضلاً عن ذلك، فإنهم لا يضرّون أحداً إلا بإذن الله وقضائه.
Al-Hasan Al-Basri (May Allah be pleased with him) said: {But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah's Leave}, i.e. whomsoever Allah wants to be affected, he will be affected. And, whomsoever Allah does not want to be affected, he will not be affected. In addition, they cannot harm anyone except by Allah's Leave and Decree.
قال الله تعالى: {وَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنفَعُهُمْ}، أي: يتعلمون ما يضر دينهم وإيمانهم ولا ينفعهم. وقال الله: {وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مَا لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلَاقٍ}، أي: إن اليهود الذين اختاروا السحر بدلًا من اتباع النبي محمد ﷺ قد علموا أن من فعل مثل ما فعلوه لا نصيب له في الآخرة. وقال الله تعالى: {وَلَبِئْسَ مَا شَرَوْا بِهِ أَنفُسَهُمْ لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ * وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لَّوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ}، أي أنهم اختاروا السحر بدلًا من اتباع النبي محمد ﷺ، {وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِّنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ}، أي: لو أنهم آمنوا بالله ورسله ولم يتعدّوا حدوده لنالوا من الله تعالى ثوابًا أعظم بكثير. وهذا يتفق مع قوله تعالى: {وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ وَيْلَكُمْ ثَوَابُ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ لِّمَنْ آمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا وَلَا يُلَقَّاهَا إِلَّا الصَّابِرُونَ}. (القصص: 80)
Allah the Almighty says: {And they learn that which harms them and profits them not}, i.e. they learn that which harms their religion and faith and profits them not. Allah says: {And indeed they knew that the buyers of it (magic) would have no share in the Hereafter}, i.e. the Jews who took magic instead of following Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) knew that anyone who did as what they have done, he would have not share in the Hereafter. Allah Almighty says: {And how bad indeed was that for which they sold their own selves, if they but knew. And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better would have been the reward from their Lord, if they but knew!}, that they took magic instead of following Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), {And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah, far better would have been the reward from their Lord} , i. e. if they had believed in Allah and His Messengers and did not violate His Boundaries, they would have received a far better reward from Allah Almighty. This is compatible with Allah's Saying that reads: {But those who had been given (religious) knowledge said: "Woe to you! The Reward of Allah (in the Hereafter) is better for those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and this none shall attain except those who are As Sabirun (the patient in following the truth) "}. (Al-Qasas, 80)
اختلف العلماء؛ فذهب بعضهم إلى أن الساحر كافر، واستدلوا بقوله تعالى: {وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا وَاتَّقَوْا لَمَثُوبَةٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ}. وذهب آخرون إلى أن الساحر ليس بكافر، لكن يجب أن تُضرب عنقه.
روى عمرو بن دينار عن بجالة بن عبدة قال: أمر عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه بقتل كل ساحر وساحرة، فقتلوا ثلاث سواحر. وثبت أيضاً أن أم المؤمنين حفصة رضي الله عنها سُحرت على يد جارية لها، فأمرت بقتلها.
وقال الإمام أحمد بن حنبل: رُوي عن ثلاثة من أصحاب النبي ﷺ أن الساحر يجب قتله.
وروى الترمذي عن إسماعيل بن مسلم، عن الحسن، عن جندب الأزدي قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: «حَدُّ الساحر ضربةٌ بالسيف».
وقيل: كان عند الوليد بن عقبة ساحر يُظهر أمامه العجائب، فكان يقطع رأس الرجل ثم يدعوه فيعود إلى مكانه. فقال الناس: سبحان الله! الساحر يُحيي الموتى. فرأى ذلك رجل من المهاجرين الأتقياء فعزم على أمر، فلما كان الغد جاء فقطع رأس الساحر وقال: إن كان صادقاً فليُحيِ نفسه! ثم تلا قول الله تعالى:
Some scholars found textual proof that a magician is a disbeliever in the Qur'anic Verse that reads: {And if they had believed and guarded themselves from evil and kept their duty to Allah}. Other scholars viewed that a magician is not a disbeliever, but his neck must be cut off. `Amr Ibn Dianr narrated from Bajabla Ibn `Abdah as saying: `Umar Ibn Al-Khattab ordered every magician and witch to be killed. Thereupon, they killed three witches. In addition, it is true that the Mother of the Faithful, Hafsah was bewitched by a maid. Consequently, Hafsah ordered that she had to be killed. Moreover, Imam Ahmed Ibn Hanbal said: it was transmitted from three of the Prophet's Companions that a magician must be killed. Besides, At-Tirmidhi narrated from Isma'il Ibn Muslim after Al-Hasan after Jundub Al-Azdi as saying: Allah's Messenger (Peace be upon him) says: "The Prescribed Penalty set for a magician is a blow with the sword.” It was narrated that Al-Walid Ibn 'Uqbah had a magician who used to make shows before him. He used to cut off a man's head, then calls it to get back to its proper place. The people said: Glory be to Allah! The magician revives the dead. However, a man from the pious migrants saw him and intended something. The next day he came and cut the magician's head and said: if he is truthful, he can revive himself! And, he recited Allah's Statement that reads:
{أَفَتَأْتُونَ السِّحْرَ وَأَنتُمْ تُبْصِرُونَ} (الأنبیاء: ٤). فلهذا غضب الولید لأن المہاجر لم یستأذنه أولاً (في قتل الساحر)، فسجنه مدةً ثم أطلقه. واللہ أعلم! قال الإمام أبو بكر الخلال: كان أحد الأمراء عنده ساحر يُظهر سحره، فجاء جندب يومًا فقتله قائلاً:
{Will you submit to magic while you see it}. (Al-Anbiya', 4) Consequently, Al-Walid raged because the migrant did not ask for his permission first (to kill the magician), he imprisoned him for a while, then set him free. Allah knows best! Imam Abu Bakr Al-Khallal said: One of the princes used to have a magician who makes shows of his magic and one day Jundub came and killed him saying:
أَنَا أَعْتَقِدُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ سَاحِرًا.
I believe he was a magician.