Ana biyan Zakat a kan dabbobi, amfanin gona da 'ya'yan itace, kuɗi, ko kayan ciniki, ga Khalifa ko wakilinsa kamar gwamnoni (Wulat) ko ma'aikata ('Amileen), ko duk wanda ya naɗa a matsayin masu karɓa (Su'at) da ma'aikata ('Amileen) na Sadaqat. Allah (SWT) ya ce:

Zakat is paid, whether it is livestock, crops and fruits, currency or trading merchandise to the Khalifah or his representative such as governors (Wulat) or workers (‘Amileen) or whoever he appoints as collectors (Su’at) and employees (‘Amileen) over the Sadaqat. Allah (swt) said:

Ka karɓi sadaqah daga dukiyarsu, don ka tsarkake su da ita, ka kuma tsarkake su, ka yi musu addu'a. Lalle addu'arka ta zama natsuwa a gare su. [At-Tauba: 103]

“Take Sadaqah from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and pray for them. Verily your prayer is peace for them” [At-Tauba: 103]

Allah (swt) ya wajabta wa Manzonsa (saw) a cikin wannan Ayar ya karɓi Sadaka daga masu dukiya, kuma Manzon Allah ﷺ yana naɗa gwamnoni, ma'aikata da masu karɓar Sadaka don karɓar Sadaka daga masu dukiya, kamar yadda yake naɗa masu kimanta amfanin'yan dabino da inabi (Khurraas). Mutanen zamanin Annabi ﷺ suna biyan Zakka a gare shi ko ga waɗancan gwamnoni, ma'aikata da masu karɓar Sadaka waɗanda ya naɗa. Haka al'amarin ya ci gaba bayan sa a zamanin Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, Uthman da Ali. Ibn Sireen ya ruwaito: “Ana biyan Sadaka ga Annabi ﷺ ko duk wanda ya umarta, ga Abu Bakr ko duk wanda ya umarta, ga ‘Umar da duk wanda ya umarta, ga Uthman da duk wanda ya umarta. Lokacin da aka kashe ‘Umar sai suka sabani; wasu daga cikinsu suna biyan su, yayin da wasu kuma suke raba Sadakarsu da kansu. Daga cikin waɗanda suke biyan su akwai ibn ‘Umar.”

Allah (swt) obliged His Messenger (saw) in this Ayah to take Sadaqah from the owners of wealth, and the Messenger (saw) used to appoint governors, workers and collectors to take the Sadaqah from the owners of wealth just as he would appoint estimators (Khurraas) to estimate the harvest of the palm and grape trees. People at the time of the Prophet (saw) used to pay the Zakat to him or those governors, workers and collectors whom he appointed over the Sadaqah. The situation continued like this after him in the time of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, Uthman and Ali. Ibn Sireen narrated: “Sadaqah used to be paid to the Prophet (saw) or whoever he had ordered, to Abu Bakr or whoever he ordered, to ‘Umar and whoever he ordered, to Uthman and whoever he ordered. When ‘Umar was killed they differed, some of them would pay it to them while others would themselves divide their Sadaqah. Among those who paid to them was ibn ‘Umar.”.

Ana biyan Zakat ga Khalifah ko wanda ya nada a matsayin masu mulki, gwamnoni, ma'aikata da masu karɓar zakka, koda kuwa azzalumai ne, muddin ana aiwatar da hukuncin Musulunci. Wannan yana aiki ko da akwai gazawa a aiwatarwar. Suhayl ɗan Abi Salih ya ruwaito daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya ce: "Na tambayi Sa'ad ɗan Abi Waƙƙas, Abu Hurairah, Abu Sa'id al-Khudriyy da Ibn 'Umar: 'Wannan shugaba yana aikata abin da kuke gani (na sharri). Shin in biya zakkata gare su?' Dukkansu sun ce: 'Ka biya su.'" Ibn 'Umar ya ce: "Ka ba wanda Allah (SWT) ya sanya shi a kan al'amuranku. Duk wanda yake nagari, amfanin kansa ne, kuma duk wanda yake mugu, cutar kansa ce."

Zakat is paid to the Khalifah or whoever he appoints as rulers, governors, workers and collectors, even if they were oppressors so long as the Islamic ruling is implemented. This applies even if there are shortcomings in the implementation. Suhayl b. Abi Salih narrated from his father who said: “I asked Sa’ad b. Abi Waqqas, Abu Hurayra, Abu Said al-Khudry and ibn ‘Umar: ‘This ruler is doing what you can see (of evil). Should I pay my Zakat to them?’ He said: They all said; ‘Pay it to them.’” Ibn ‘Umar said: “Give it to whoever Allah (swt) put in charge of your affairs. Whoever is good, it is for his own self and whoever is evil, it is against himself.”.

An wasu ruwayoyi daga Sahabbai da Tabi'in sun zo da izinin mutum ya raba Zakka da kansa, kuma ya sanya ta a inda ya dace idan kudi ne, watau kudin takarda ko tsabar kudi. An ruwaito cewa Kaysan ya zo wurin 'Umar da Dirhami 200 a matsayin Sadaka, yana cewa masa: "Ya Amir al-Mu'mineen, wannan ita ce Zakkar dukiyata." Sai 'Umar ya ce masa: "Ka je ka raba ta da kanka." An kuma ruwaito daga Ibn Abbas cewa ya ce: "Babu laifi idan ka sanya ta a inda ya dace, ba kuwa za ka ba wa kowa wani abu daga cikinta ba wanda kake ciyarwa." An kuma ruwaito maganar Ibrahim da Al-Hassan, cewa: "Ka sanya ta a inda ya dace, kuma ka boye ta." Wannan yana game da kudi, watau tsabar kudi. Amma dabbobi, amfanin gona da 'ya'yan itace, dole ne a biya su ga Khalifa ko wanda ya nada, domin Abu Bakr ya yaki wadanda suka ki biyan Zakka, lokacin da suka ki biyan ta ga gwamnoni da masu karbar Zakka, yana cewa: "Na rantse da Allah (SWT), idan suka hana ni karamar akuya (Unaq) wadda suke bayarwa ga Manzon Allah (ﷺ), zan yake su saboda ita."

There have come some narration from the Sahabah and followers (Tabi’in) allowing a person to distribute Zakat personally and to put it in its place in case of hard money i.e. currency. It was narrated that Kaysan came to ‘Umar with 200 Dirhams as Sadaqah, saying to him: “O Amir al-Mu’mineen, this is the Zakat of my wealth.” So ‘Umar said to him: “You go and distribute it yourself.” It has also been narrated from ibn Abbas that he said: “There is no problem if you put it in its place and don’t give anything of it to anyone whom you support.” It was also narrated the statement of Ibrahim and Al- Hassan said: “Put it in its place and conceal it.” This is in relation to the hard money i.e. currency. As for livestock, crops and fruits. these must be paid to the Khalifah or whoever he appoints, for Abu Bakr fought those who denied the Zakat, when they refused to pay it to the governors and collectors, saying: “By Allah (swt), if they deny me one baby goat (‘Unaq) that they used to give to the Messenger of Allah (saw) I will fight them for it.”.

Ana so mai karɓa ya yi wa mai bayarwa addu'a da cewa: "Allah (SWT) ya sāka maka da abin da ka bayar, ya albarkace ka a cikin abin da ka kashe, kuma ya sanya shi ya zama tsarkakewa a gare ka." Idan an biya shi ga Khalifah ko wanda ya naɗa, to a yi wa mai bayar da Zakka addu'a. Allah (SWT) ya ce:

It is recommended for the taker to pray for the giver by saying: “Allah (swt) reward you in what you have given, bless you in what you have spent and make it a purification for you.” If it is paid to the Khalifah or one he has appointed, the giver of Zakat should be prayed for. Allah (swt) said:

Ka karɓi sadaqah daga dukiyarsu, don ka tsarkake su da ita, ka kuma tsarkake su, ka yi musu addu'a. Lalle addu'arka ta zama natsuwa a gare su. [At-Tauba: 103]

“Take Sadaqah from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and pray for them. Verily your prayer is peace for them” [At-Tauba: 103]

Abdullah bin Abi Awfa ya ruwaito: "Mahaifina yana cikin masu bishiyoyin dabino, kuma Annabi ﷺ yana addu'a ga wadanda suka zo masa da sadakarsu yana cewa: 'Ya Allah, ka gafarta wa iyalan fulani.' Sai mahaifina ya zo masa da sadakarsa, sai ya ce: 'Ya Allah, ka gafarta wa iyalan Abu Awfa'" (wanda Bukhari da Muslim suka ruwaito).

Abdullah bin Abi Awfa narrated: “My father was among the owners of trees, and the Prophet (saw) used to pray for those who came to him with their Sadaqah saying: ‘O Allah (swt), forgive the family of so and so.’ My father came to him with his Sadaqah, so he said: ‘O Allah (swt), forgive the family of Abu Awfa’” (agreed upon).

Idan Musulmi ya mallaki nisabin dukiya wadda zakka ke wajaba a kanta, to wajibi ne a kansa ya biya zakkarta. Idan kuma ya ki bayar da haƙƙinta, zunubi ne babba, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin hadisan da suka zo game da batun dukiyoyin sadaka, ta fuskar tsananin yin Allah-wadai da waɗanda ba sa biyan zakka a kan dukiyarsu.

If the Muslim possesses the Nisab of wealth in which Zakat is obligatory, it is obligatory upon him to pay its Zakat. If he refuses to give its due right, it is a grave sin as was mentioned in the Ahadith which came regarding the subject of Sadaqah properties in terms of severely condemning those who don’t pay the Zakat on their wealth.

Ana bincika halin wanda ya ƙi biyan Zakkah. Idan ya ƙi biyan ta saboda jahilcinsa game da wajibcinta, kamar mutanen da galibi suke jahilcin irin wannan hukunci, to ana sanar da shi wajibcinta. Ba a kafirta shi ba, kuma ba a hukunta shi ba, saboda uzurinsa, sannan ana karɓar Zakkar daga gare shi.

The reality of the one who refuses to pay Zakat is examined. If he denied paying it due to his ignorance of its obligation, such as the people who are usually ignorant of the same rule, then he is informed of its obligation. He is neither declared a Kafir nor is he punished, due to his excuse, and the Zakat is taken from him.

Idan ya ƙi, kuma ya musanta wajibcinta, to shi mai ridda ne kuma ana bi da shi kamar mai ridda. Ana roƙon sa ya tuba sau uku; idan ya tuba kuma ya nuna nadama, sai a karɓi zakkar daga gare shi, a bar shi kyauta. Idan kuwa bai tuba ba, sai a kashe shi, saboda wajibcin zakka sananne ne a cikin addini ta hanyar larura. Hujjojin wajabta zakka a bayyane suke a cikin Littafi, da Sunnah, da Ijma'i, har ta kai ba zai yiwu a ɓoye su ga kowane Musulmi ba.

If he refuses, and denies its obligation, he is an apostate and is treated like an apostate. He is asked to repent thrice; if he repents and is remorseful, it is taken from him and he is left free. If not, he is killed because the obligation of Zakat is known from the deen by necessity. The evidences for obliging Zakat are clear in the Book, Sunnah and Ijma’a, such that they can scarcely be hidden from any Muslim.

Idan ya ƙi biyan zakka alhali yana imani da wajibcinta, za a karɓe ta daga gare shi da ƙarfi. Idan wata ƙungiya ta ƙi biyan zakka ga Gwamnati, ta ƙi yarda da wajibcin biyayya wajen biyan zakka gare ta, kuma ta yi ƙarfi da kafuwa a wani yanki, Gwamnati za ta yaƙe su a matsayin ƴan tawaye, kamar yadda Abu Bakr da sahabbai suka yi da waɗanda suka ƙi biyan zakka.

If he denies paying it while believing in its obligation, it is taken from him by force. If a group refuses to pay Zakat to the State, and reject the obligation of obedience in paying Zakat to it and became strong and entrenched in an area, the State will fight them as rebels like Abu Bakr and the Sahabah did with those who denied the Zakat.