Bayar da Kuɗaɗe
30 Issuing Currencies
Kowace Daula tana karɓar wani takamaiman ma'auni na wani abu, wanda ya zama tushen da ake danganta kayayyaki da aiki da shi, kuma ta hanyarsa ake auna su. Tana buga ma'aunin a cikin wata takamaiman siffa da tsari da suka keɓanta da ita, tare da ƙayyadadden nauyi da ƙima. Tun daga zamanin farko, al'umma sun yi wannan ma'aunin ne daga abubuwa masu ƙima ta asali. Sun karɓi zinariya da azurfa a matsayin ma'auni da ake danganta dukkan kayayyaki da aiki da shi, saboda zinariya da azurfa suna da ƙima ta asali a duniya baki ɗaya. Sun buga kuɗaɗe daga gare su da takamaiman siffa da tsari, da kuma takamaiman nauyi da ƙima wanda ba ya canzawa.
Each State adopts a specific unit of something, making it the basis to which goods and labour are related and by which they are measured. It coins the unit in a specific form and fashion which are specific to it along with a fixed weight and value. Societies have, from the earliest times, made this measuring unit from things with intrinsic value. They adopted gold and silver as a measure to which all goods and labour are related, because gold and silver have intrinsic value in the whole world. They coined currency pieces from them with a specific form and fashion as well as a specific and fixed weight and value.
Jihar da ta karɓi raka'o'in zinariya ko azurfa a matsayin tushen kuɗinta tana bin tsarin ƙarfe. Idan ta mayar da raka'ar zinariya tushen kuɗinta wanda take sarrafawa a matsayin kuɗinta, to tana bin ka'idar zinariya ko ma'aunin zinariya. Idan ta mayar da raka'ar azurfa tushen kuɗinta wanda take sarrafawa a matsayin kuɗinta, to tana bin ma'aunin azurfa. Idan ta mayar da raka'ar zinariya da raka'ar azurfa tare, gefe da gefe, a matsayin tushen kuɗinta wanda take sarrafawa a matsayin kuɗinta, to tana bin ka'idar zinariya da azurfa ko ma'aunin ƙarfe biyu.
The State which adopts gold or silver units as the basis for its currency follows the metallic system. If it makes the gold unit the basis for its currency which it coins as currency for itself, then it follows the gold principle or gold Standard. If it makes the silver unit the basis of its currency which it coins as its currency, then it follows the silver standard. If it makes the gold unit and silver unit-beside each other-as the basis for its currency which it coins as its currency, then it follows the gold and silver principle or the bimetallic standard.
Dangane da Jiha wadda ta karɓi takardar kuɗi a matsayin kuɗinta, ta yadda ake musayar kaya da aiki da ita, to tana bin ƙa'idar takardar kuɗi. Idan takardar da take buga ta, a matsayin kuɗi da kuma tsabar kuɗi, tana wakiltar zinariya ko azurfa, to Jihar tana bin ƙa'idar takardar kuɗi mai wakilta. Idan takardar da take bugawa, wadda take mayar da ita kuɗinta, tana da ajiyar zinariya ko azurfa daidai da wani takamaimen kaso na darajarta, to tana bin ƙa'idar takardar kuɗi ta nau'in da aka tabbatar da ita.
As for the State which adopts paper currency as its currency such that goods and labour are exchanged with it, it follows the paper currency standard. If the paper it prints, as money and currency is representative of gold or silver, the State follows the representative paper currency standard. If the paper it prints and makes as its currency has gold or silver backing equal to a specific proportion of its value, it follows the paper currency standard of the secured type.
Idan kuɗin da take bugawa, fitarwa da kafawa a matsayin kuɗinta da takardun kuɗinta ba madadin zinariya ko azurfa ba ne, kuma ba su da goyon bayan zinariya ko azurfa, to ana ɗaukar Jiha a matsayin tana bin tsarin takardun kuɗi na tilas.
If the currency it prints, issues and makes as its money and currency is not a substitute for gold or silver, nor backed by gold or silver, the State is considered to be following the compulsory paper currency standard.
Daular Romawa ta karɓi ma'aunin zinariya da aka tsayar, mai nauyi da ƙima ƙayyadaddu, a matsayin tushen kuɗinta. Bisa wannan tushe ta yi sikila na guntun zinariya na kuɗi guda ɗaya, cikin takamaiman sura da tsari, an zana masa wata rubutu ta musamman. Ta mayar da wannan guntun zinariya da aka yi wa sikila kuɗinta da takardar kuɗinta, kuma ta sa shi ya yi yawo a kasuwa, ta haka ta karɓi ƙa'idar zinariya wajen fitar da kuɗinta. Don haka ta bi tsarin tsabar zinariya (golden ingots standard).
The Roman State adopted the fixed unit of gold with defined weight and value as the basis of its currency. It coined on this basis a unit piece of gold currency in a specific form and fashion, engraved with a specific inscription. It made this gold coined piece its money and currency, and submitted it for circulation, thereby adopting the gold principle in issuing its currency. It thus followed the golden ingots standard.
Dangane da Daular Sasaniyawa, ta karɓi ma'aunin azurfa a matsayin tushen kuɗinta. Ta yi shi da ma'auni uku, tana sarrafa dirhami na azurfa bisa waɗannan ma'auni, masu takamaiman siffa da salo, an zana su da takamaiman rubuce-rubuce. Ta mayar da waɗannan guntayen azurfa da aka sarrafa kuɗinta da kuɗin ƙasarta, ta miƙa su don yaɗuwa, ta haka ta karɓi ƙa'idar azurfa. Don haka ta bi ma'aunin sandunan azurfa.
As for the Sassanid State, it adopted the silver unit as the basis of its currency. It made it of three weights, coining upon the basis of these weights silver Dirhams of specific form and fashion engraved with specific inscriptions. It made these silver coined pieces its money and currency, submitted them for circulation, thereby adopting the silver principle. It thus followed the silver ingots standard.
Ta fuskar Musulmi, sun karɓi ma'aunin zinariya da ma'aunin azurfa a matsayin tushen kuɗinsu da takardun kuɗinsu. Sun yi amfani da su tare, sai dai sun karɓi Dinarai na Byzantine da Dirhami na Chosroes a matsayin kuɗinsu ba tare da yin tsabar kuɗinsu na musamman ba, tun daga zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ da Khulafa'u bayansa har zuwa zamanin Abdul Malik bin Marwan. A zamaninsa, Abdul Malik bin Marwan ya fara yin kuɗin Musulunci na musamman, yana yin sa da takamaiman siffa da salo. Ya zana masa rubutu na musamman, ya kafa shi bisa ma'aunin zinariya da azurfa gwargwadon nauyin Dinar da Dirham na Shari'a. Ta haka Musulmi suka ci gaba da amfani da ma'aunin zinariya da azurfa tare, wato ka'idar bi-metallic. A ƙarshen zamanin Abbasiyawa da zamanin Attabika a Masar, Musulmi sun yi kuɗin tagulla baya ga zinariya da azurfa, domin sayen abubuwa marasa daraja, saboda darajar tagulla a zahirinta ƙasa take. Ba ta wakiltar zinariya ko azurfa ba; a maimakon haka tana tsaye da kanta, bisa darajarta a matsayin tagulla. Da zinariya da azurfa suka yi karanci a zamanin Attabika, sai suka fara sayen dukkan kaya, masu tsada ko masu arha, da kuɗin tagulla.
As for Muslims, they adopted the gold unit and silver unit as the basis for their money and currency. They utilised them together, except that they took Byzantine Dinars and Chosroes Dirhams as their money without coining their own specific money from the time of the Messenger (saw) and the Khulafa’a after him until the period of Abdul Malik bin Marwan. In his time, Abdul Malik bin Marwan minted specific Islamic currency, making it in specific form and fashion. He engraved it with a specific inscription and established it upon the gold and silver unit according to the weights of the Shari’ah Dinar and Dirham. The Muslims thereby proceeded on the gold and silver standard i.e. the bi-metallic principle. In the last days of the Abbassids, and the period of the Attabika in Egypt, Muslims coined, beside the gold and silver, copper currency to buy trivial things because copper’s intrinsic value is low. It was not representative of gold and silver; rather it stood on its own depending upon its value as copper. Since gold and silver became scarce in the Attabika period, they began buying all goods, whether expensive or cheap, with copper currency.
Duniya ta ci gaba da bin ka'idar zinariya da azurfa bisa ma'aunin sandunan karfe (ingots) har zuwa farkon karni na 20. Kowace kasa tana yin kudinta na zinariya ko azurfa a siffarta da salonta na musamman, mai ƙayyadadden daraja ko nauyi, har sai da manyan kasashen mulkin mallaka suka watsar da ka'idar zinariya da azurfa jim kadan kafin Yakin Duniya na Daya, suka karɓi takardun kudi na dole a matsayin kudinsu.
The world continued following the gold and silver principle based on the standard of ingots until the beginning of the 20th century. Each State would coin its own gold or silver currency in its own specific form and fashion, with specific fixed value or weight, until the major colonialist States abandoned the gold and silver principle just before World War I and adopted the compulsory paper money as their currency.
Wannan ita ce hakikanin batun bayar da kuɗi, da hakikanin abin da Musulmi suka bi wajen ɗaukar kuɗi da bayar da su, da kuma hakikanin hukuncin Shari'a game da bayar da su.
This is the reality of issuing currency, the reality of what Muslims followed in adopting and issuing currency and the reality of the Shari’ah rule regarding its issuing.
Saboda haka, dole ne Musulmi su kasance suna da zinariya da azurfa a matsayin kudinsu, kuma Daular Khilafah ta yi kudinta da zinariya da azurfa. Dole ne ta bi ka'idar zinariya da azurfa, watau tsarin ma'auni biyu (bi-metallic standard), kamar yadda lamarin yake a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ da Khulafa'ur-Rashidun bayansa. Dole ne ta yi Dinare na zinariya da Dirhami na azurfa daga tsantsar zinariya da azurfa, kuma masu daraja sosai. Dole ne ta yi Dinare da Dirhami a takamaiman sura da salon Musulunci wanda ya keɓanta da Daular Khilafah, tana sanya nauyin Dinare na zinariya ya zama nauyin Shari'a, watau nauyin Mithqal. Saboda haka ya kamata ta yi Dinare a matsayin gram 4.25 domin Dinare ɗaya, wanda shi ne nauyin Dinare. Ya kamata ta sanya nauyin Dirhami na azurfa ya zama nauyin Dirhami na Shari'a wanda aka sani da nauyin bakwai, watau Dirhami 10 suna da nauyin Mithqal 7, saboda haka tana yin Dirhami a matsayin gram 2.975 domin Dirhami ɗaya.
Therefore, Muslims must have gold and silver as their currency and the Khilafah State must make its currency of gold and silver. It must follow the gold and silver principle i.e. bi-metallic standard, as was the case in the days of the Messenger of Allah (saw) and the Khulafa’a after him. It must coin golden Dinars and silver Dirhams from the pure gold and silver material and with high value. It must make Dinars and Dirhams in a specific form and Islamic fashion unique to the Khilafah State, making the gold Dinar’s weight as that of the Shari’ah i.e. the Mithqal’s weight. Hence it should coin the Dinar as 4.25 grams for one Dinar which is the Dinar’s weight. It should make the silver Dirham’s weight the weight of the Shari’ah Dirham which is known as the weight of seven, i.e. 10 Dirhams weigh 7 Mithqals, and so it coins Dirhams as 2.975 grams for one Dirham.
Yana yiwuwa Jiha ta yi kuɗin zinariya na Dinari, da sassansa da ninkayensa, a cikin tsari kamar haka:
It is possible for the State to coin gold Dinars, its parts and multiples in the following form:

Ta wannan hanya, ana iya yin tsabar kuɗi masu nauyin Nisab na Zakat, nauyin Dinari wanda shi ne tushen ma'auni a zinare, nauyin rabin Dinari wanda shi ne adadin wajibi da ake karɓa daga Nisab na Zakat, da kuma tsabar rabin Dinari wanda shi ne adadin da ake yanke hannun ɓarawo saboda shi.
Using this form, it can coin pieces in the weight of the Nisab of Zakat, the Dinar’s weight which is the basis of weight in gold, the weight of one-half Dinar which is the obligatory amount taken from the Nisab of Zakat, and a quarter-Dinar piece which is the amount for which the thief ’s hand is cut.
Gwamnati ma na iya yin tsabar azurfa ta Dirhami, da rabinsu da ninkinsu, a cikin wannan tsari: Tsabar kudi Nauyi a gram 1. Rabin Dirhami 1.4875 g 2. Dirhami 2.975 g 3. Dirhami 5 14.675 g, adadin wajibi da ake dauka daga Nisabin azurfa 4. Dirhami 10 29.75 g 5. Dirhami 20 59.5 g
The State can also coin silver Dirhams, its parts and multiples in the following form: Coins Weight in Grams 1. One-half Dirham 1.4875 g 2. Dirham 2.975 g 3. 5 Dirhams 14.675 g, the obligatory amount taken from the Nisab of silver 4. 10 Dirhams 29.75 g 5. 20 Dirhams 59.5 g

Gwamnati kuma tana iya yin tsabar kuɗi da ƙima ƙasa da ta azurfa, don sauƙaƙe sayen abubuwa ƙanana. Saboda azurfar da ke cikin waɗannan tsabar kuɗin azurfa kaɗan ce, kuma yana da wuya a yi mu’amala da su idan sun zama tsantsar tsabar kuɗi, sai a iya haɗa su da wasu ƙayyadaddun sassa na ƙarafa marasa daraja. Duk da haka, dole ne a bayyana adadin azurfar da ke cikin nauyin waɗannan tsabar kuɗin da aka yi, ta hanyar da za ta hana rikicewa game da shi.
The State can also coin units smaller than that of silver to help obtaining trivial things. Since the silver contained in these silver units is little and it is difficult to deal with them as they are pure coins, specific portions of different valueless metals can be added to them. However, the proportion of silver in weight used in these coined units must be clarified in a manner preventing any confusion over it.
Dole ne Daular Khilafah ta yi iyakar ƙoƙarinta don mayar da duniya zuwa ga harkokin ciniki da zinariya da azurfa, domin hana wata ƙasa kamar Amurka mamaye kuɗin duniya har ta riƙa wasa da shi bisa ga muradunta na musamman.
The Khilafah State must endeavour to bring the world back to deal with gold and silver to prevent a state like America from dominating world currency such that she plays with it according to her specific interests.
Ma'aunin Zinariya da Azurfa na Ƙa'ida
The Standard Measure of Gold and Silver
Daular Musulunci a cikin shekarunta duka ta kiyaye ma'aunin zinariya da azurfa na gaskiya, don su kasance ba tare da wani gurɓata ba. Ta tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye su tsantsa gaba ɗaya, don su kasance da ma'auni mai inganci. Tana hana haɗa zinariya da azurfa da wani abu don ɓata su, kuma tana aiwatar da hukunci a kan duk wanda ya ɓata Dinare da Dirhami.
The Islamic State throughout its years preserved the standard measure of gold and silver so that they remained free of any impurity. It ensured it was kept completely pure so that they were of high standard measure. It used to prevent adulteration of gold and silver, implementing punishment on all who adulterated Dinars and Dirhams.
Saboda haka, dinare na zinariya da dirhami na azurfa dole ne su zama tsantsa, ba tare da an gauraya su da wani ƙarfe ba, kuma dole ne a hana a gurɓata su. Duk wanda ya gauraya su da wasu karafa dole ne a hukunta shi, domin wannan zamba ce, kuma zamba haramun ne. Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: “Ba ya cikinmu wanda ya yaudare” kuma a wata riwayar: “Wanda ya yaudare mu ba ya cikinmu.”
Therefore, gold Dinars and silver Dirhams must be pure without mixing them with any other metal and its adulteration must be prevented. Punishment must befall all who mix it with any other metals as this is fraud and fraud is prohibited. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “He is not one of us who deceives” and in another narration: “He who deceives us is not one of us.”
Rabon Zinariya zuwa Azurfa
The Ratio of Gold to Silver
Dole ne Daular Khilafah ta bar musayar tsakanin zinari da azurfa ba tare da wani takura ba. Ya kamata a musanya zinari da azurfa, a kuma musanya azurfa da zinari, a farashin kasuwa na yanzu bisa ga wadata da buƙata, kamar yadda abin yake a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ da Khulafa'u bayansa. Manzon Allah ﷺ bai ƙayyade wani takamaiman ma'auni tsakanin zinari da azurfa ba, kuma bai wajabta wani takamaiman farashin musaya tsakanin su ba. Ya bar Musulmi su sayi azurfa da zinari, su kuma sayi zinari da azurfa yadda suka so, hannu da hannu, ba tare da ya sanya wani takamaiman ma'auni tsakanin su ba. Ya ce: "Ku yi ciniki da zinari da azurfa yadda kuke so, hannu da hannu." Ibn 'Umar ya ce: "Ina sayar da raƙuma a Baqi'. Ina sayarwa da Dinari, in karɓi Dirhami, kuma ina sayarwa da Dirhami, in karɓi Dinari, ina karɓar wannan a madadin wancan, ina ba da wannan a madadin wancan. Na zo wajen Annabi ﷺ yana gidan Hafsa, sai na ce: 'Ya Manzon Allah ﷺ, don Allah ka jira in tambaye ka. Ina cinikin raƙuma a Baqi', ina ciniki da Dinari in karɓi Dirhami, kuma ina ciniki da Dirhami in karɓi Dinari, ina karɓar wannan a madadin wancan, ina ba da wannan a madadin wancan.' Sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: 'Babu laifi idan ka karɓi farashin ranar, matuƙar ba ku rabu da juna ba alhali akwai wani abu da ya rage a tsakanin ku.'"
The Khilafah State must leave the exchange ratio between gold and silver without any restriction. Gold should be exchanged with silver, and silver with gold at the current market price according to supply and demand as was the case at the time of the Messenger of Allah (saw) and the Khulafa’a after him. The Messenger of Allah (saw) did not determine a specific ratio between gold and silver nor obliged a specific exchange price between them. He left Muslims to buy silver with gold and gold with silver as they wished, hand to hand, without imposing a specific ratio between them. He said: “Trade gold with silver as you wish, hand to hand.” Ibn ‘Umar said: “I used to sell camels in Baqi’. I sold with Dinars and took Dirhams and I sold with Dirhams and took Dinars, taking this for that and giving this for that. I came to the Prophet (saw) when he was at Hafsa’s house and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah (saw), Will you please wait so that I ask you. I trade camels in Baqi’, I trade with Dinars and take Dirhams and I trade with Dirhams and take Dinars, taking this for that and giving this for that.’ The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘There is nothing wrong if you take its price of the day as long as you do not depart from each other where something is still left between you.’”.
Wannan ba ciniki ne na zinariya da zinariya, ko azurfa da azurfa ba, ciniki wanda daidaito wajibi ne a cikinsa. "Kwatankwacin juna" da "hannu da hannu." Ya ce: "Zinariya da zinariya, azurfa da azurfa, alkama da alkama, sha'ir da sha'ir, dabino da dabino, gishiri da gishiri, kwatankwacin juna kuma hannu da hannu. Duk wanda ya kara ko ya nemi kari, to ya karbi riba, inda mai karba da mai bayarwa suke daya (a zunubi)." Muslim ne ya ruwaito shi.
Amfanin Ma'aunin Zinariya da Azurfa
The Benefits of the Gold and Silver Standard
Lokacin da zinariya da azurfa su ne kuɗin da ke yawo a duniya, babu wata matsalar kuɗi kwata-kwata. Matsalolin kuɗi ba su taso ba sai bayan duniya ta watsar da tsarin zinariya da azurfa, lokacin da ƙasashen mulkin mallaka suka ƙirƙiro salon tattalin arziki da kuɗi na mulkin mallaka domin ƙarfafa mamayarsu a kan duniya. Sun yi amfani da kuɗi a matsayin hanyar mulkin mallaka, suka watsar da tsarin zinariya da azurfa. Sun canza kuɗi zuwa wasu ma'auni waɗanda a cikinsu suka ba da muhimmanci ga ajiyar bankuna da kuɗin tilas wanda ba ya dogara da zinariya da azurfa a matsayin kuɗi. Sun fara wasa da kuɗin duniya bisa ga muradunsu, ta haka suka haifar da rikicin kuɗi da matsalolin tattalin arziki. Sun ƙara fitar da kuɗin tilas, lamarin da ya haifar da babban hauhawar farashi a cikin kuɗi, wanda hakan ya kai ga raguwar ƙarfin sayen kuɗi. Duk wannan saboda watsar da tsarin zinariya da azurfa.
When gold and silver were the currency circulating in the world, there were no currency problems at all. Currency problems did not arise except after the world abandoned the gold and silver system when the colonialist states invented colonialist economic and financial styles to consolidate their dominance over the world. They took currency as a means of colonisation and abandoned the gold and silver standard. They changed currency to other standards in which they gave consideration to bank deposits and compulsory currency that does not depend on gold and silver as currencies. They started to play with world currency according to their interests thus creating currency crises and economic problems. They increased the issuing of compulsory currency which created great inflation in currency, thus leading to decline in the purchasing power of currency. All this is due to abandoning the gold and silver standard.
Zinari da azurfa su ne kaɗai ka'idar da ke kawar da matsalolin kuɗi da tsananin hauhawar farashi da suka yaɗu a duniya. Hakan zai samar da daidaito da tsayuwa a cikin kuɗi da farashin musayar kuɗi, da kuma bunƙasa cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ma'aunin zinari da azurfa yana da fa'idodin tattalin arziki da yawa, kamar haka:
The gold and silver is the only standard principle of eliminating this currency problems and the severe inflation which has spread throughout the world. It would create currency stability and steadiness in the currency exchange prices and advance of international trade. This is because the gold and silver standard bears numerous economic advantages such as:
1. Yawan samar da zinare da azurfa a duniya a matsayin kayayyaki ya dogara ne da kudin binciken ma'adinai da hakar su, da kuma bukatar su idan aka kwatanta da bukatar sauran kayayyaki da ayyuka. Wannan ba ya sanya samar da kudi ga duniya ya zama a hannun kasashen mulkin mallaka kamar yadda yake a tsarin kudin takarda (paper currency), tsarin da ke baiwa kasashe damar sanya kudi a kasuwanni yadda suke so ta hanyar buga karin kudi duk lokacin da suke son inganta daidaiton kudi da biyan kudi da sauran kasashe.
Isarar Zinari Da Ke A Duniya
The Sufficiency of Gold Present in the World
Ma'aunin zinari shi ne ma'aunin daidai wanda ke hana gwamnatoci fitar da adadi mai yawa na takardar kuɗi wadda ba ta da ajiya, wanda hakan ke haifar da hauhawar farashi. Tsarin zinari yana samar da ma'auni guda tabbatacce don huldar cinikayya ta ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda hakan ke ƙarfafa cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa. Sai dai, shin zinarin da ke duniya yana isa ya mayar da duniya kan ma'aunin zinari kamar yadda take a baya? Shin yana isa ya samar da kuɗin da ake buƙata don harkokin cinikayya? Shin akwai isasshen zinari a Daular Khilafah da za ta iya komawa kan ma'aunin zinari? Don amsa waɗannan tambayoyi, muna cewa: Eh. Zinarin da ke duniya ya isa ya mayar da duniya kan ma'aunin zinari, kuma yana da isasshen sassauci wajen samar da kuɗin da ake buƙata don rufe hada-hadar cinikayya da bukatun tattalin arziƙi a duniya, saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
The gold standard is the correct standard preventing governments from issuing quantities of paper currency which has no reserves, thus leading to inflation. The gold system provides a fixed unit for international trade relations which encourage international trade. Is, however, the gold existing in the world sufficient to bring the world back to following the gold standard as in the past? Is it sufficient to provide the money required for trade dealings? Is there enough gold in the Khilafah State to enable it to return to the gold standard? In response to these questions, we say, Yes. The gold existing in the world is enough to return the world to the gold standard and it has sufficient flexibility to produce the money required to cover trade transactions and economic needs in the world, for the following reasons:
1. A cikin tarihin ɗan Adam baki ɗaya, babu wani ƙarfe da ya taɓa samun sha'awa kamar zinariya. Duk abin da mutum ya haƙo na zinariya yana ci gaba da amfani har zuwa yau, duk da cewa an haƙo shi tun dubban shekaru da suka wuce, domin ba ya lalacewa har ya ɓace. Abin da ke faruwa kawai shi ne a musanya shi ta hanyar kuɗi ko kayan ado, ko a yi amfani da shi wajen wani nau'in masana'antu, ko a sake narkar da shi.
1. Throughout human history, no metal has ever enjoyed an interest similar to gold. All that man has mined of gold is being used until today despite having been mined thousands of years ago, since it does not perish leading to its disappearance. Rather, all that occurs is its exchange in the form of currency or jewellery, or using it into some form of manufacturing or re-melting it.
2. Zinariya a dukkan zamunan da suka gabata, har zuwa karshen karni na sha tara, ta isa ga dukkan harkokin kasuwanci da biyan bukatun tattalin arzikin duniya a dukkan zamanai ba tare da faruwar matsalolin tattalin arziki ko na kudi ba. A cikin karni na sha tara, wanda a cikinsa ci gaban tattalin arziki ya karu zuwa matsayi mai girma, duniya ta ga babban karuwar tattalin arziki da babban raguwar farashi da karuwar albashi ba tare da karancin adadin kudin zinariya da aka sanya don amfani ba, duk da karuwar kayayyaki da ayyuka.
Yadda Za a Cimma Komawa zuwa Ma'aunin Zinariya
How to Achieve the Return to the Gold Standard
Komawa zuwa ma'aunin zinare yana bukatar cire dalilan da suka sa aka watsar da shi, da kuma cire abubuwan da suka haifar da raguwarsa. Wannan yana bukatar abubuwa masu zuwa:
The return to the gold standard requires the removal of the reasons that lead to abandoning it and the removal of the factors that lead to its decline. This requires the following:
1. Dakatar da buga takardun kuɗi.
1. Stopping the printing of paper currency.
2. Mayar da mu'amalar kuɗin zinariya.
2. Restoring the dealings with gold currency.
3. Cire harajin kwastam a gaban zinariya da kawar da duk takunkumin shigo da ita da fitar da ita.
3. Removing custom duties in front of gold and all restrictions against its import and export.
4. Kawar da takurawa game da mallakar, riƙewa, siye da sayar da zinariya, da kuma yin mu'amala da ita a cikin kwangiloli.
4. Removing restrictions against owning, possessing, buying and selling of gold, and dealing with it in contracts.
5. Cire takunkumai kan mallakar manyan kudaden duniya da kuma barin gasa ta kyauta tsakaninsu, ta yadda za su sami farashi tabbatacce dangane da juna da kuma dangane da zinare, ba tare da shiga tsakanin Gwamnati ta hanyar rage darajar kudadensu ko barin su su yi iyo ba.
5. Removing restrictions against the possession of the major world currencies and making competition free between them such that they take a fixed price in relation to each other and in relation to gold, without State intervention by reducing or floating their currencies.
Duk lokacin da aka bar zinariya a sake, za ta sami kasuwa a buɗe cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma bisa haka dukkan kuɗaɗen ƙasashen duniya za su ɗauki farashin musaya mai daidaito dangane da zinariya. Harkokin kasuwanci na ƙasashen duniya da zinariya za su bunƙasa inda ake biyan farashin kwangilolin kayayyaki da aka ƙiyasta da zinariya.
Whenever gold is left free, it will have an open market in a short period, and accordingly all international currencies will take a steady exchange price in relation to gold. The international dealings with gold will develop where the payment of the prices of goods contracts estimated by gold, takes place.
In idan wata ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta aiwatar da waɗannan matakai, to nasararta za ta ƙarfafa sauran ƙasashe su bi ta, wanda hakan zai kai ga ci gaba zuwa mayar da duniya kan ma'aunin zinari sake.