Sanin yawancin Ahkam Shar'iyyah da suka shafi Al-Kharaj, Jizya, Zakat, Diyya, yankewa da kaffara yana bukatar sanin tsawo-tsawo, ma'auni da nauyuka da aka yi amfani da su a zamanin Manzon Allah ﷺ da kuma a zamanin Sahabbai masu girma (Allah (SWT) Ya yarda da su). Yayin da lokaci ya yi nisa daga amfani da wadannan ma'auni na tsawo, ma'auni da nauyi, yawancinsu a yau, idan ba duka ba, sun zama ba su da amfani. Saboda haka, ya zama abu mai wahala a san wadannan ma'auni da darajojinsu daidai da tsawo-tsawo, ma'auni da nauyuka da ake amfani da su a yau, wadanda suka zama sun fi sauki a mu'amala da su, sun fi sauki a fahimta, kuma ana iya bayyana su daidai.

Cognition of many of the Ahkam Shar’iah related to Al-Kharaj, Jizya, Zakat, Diyya, cutting and expiation requires the knowledge of the lengths, measures and weights which were used during the time of the Messenger (saw) and in the era of the honourable Sahabah (may Allah (swt) be pleased with them). As time prolonged away from the usage of these standards of lengths, measures and weights, the majority of them today, if not all of them, have become redundant. Thus, it has become difficult to know these measurements and their values corresponding to the lengths, measures and weights used today, which have become easier to deal with, easier to understand and able to precisely define.

Saboda haka, za a bayyana ma'aunan waɗannan tsayi, awo da nauyi domin a fayyace hakikaninsu da alaƙarsu da tsayi, awo da nauyin yau, don su zama bayyanannu, masu sauƙin amfani, masu sauƙin fahimta, kuma daidai cikin ma'ana.

Therefore, the standards of these lengths, measures and weights will be demonstrated to explain their reality and ratio to today’s lengths, measures and weights in order to make them clear, easy to deal with, simple to understand and precise in definition.

Jarib ita ce kawai ma'aunin fili na asali. Ana amfani da ita wajen auna ƙasar noma da kuma tantance fili, inda aka ƙididdige Kharaj bisa wannan tushe. An ruwaito cewa Sha'bi ya ce: "Lalle ne 'Umar b. Al-Khattab ya yi wa Sawad (ƙasar noma ta Iraƙi) bincike, wanda ya kai jarib 630,000,000." A cikin littafin al-Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya an ce: "Jarib shi ne kasabat 10 sau kasabat 10. Kafeez shi ne kasabat 10 sau kasabah. Kasabah kuma yana daidai da kuma hannu 6. Saboda haka jarib yana daidai da guntun hannu 3600, kafeez kuma yana daidai da hannu 330, wanda shi ne kashi ɗaya cikin goma na jarib."

A Jareeb was the only basic unit of area. It was applied to measure arable land and define estate, where the Kharaj was estimated based on this basis. It is reported that Sh’abi said, “Indeed ‘Umar b. Al-Khattab surveyed the Sawad (arable land of Iraq) which reached 630,000,000 Jareeb.” In the book, al- Ahkaam al-Sultaniyya it is said, “The Jareeb is 10 Kasabaats times 10 Kasabaats. The Kafeez is 10 Kasabaats times a Kasabah. And the Kasabah is equal to 6 cubits. Hence the Jareeb is equal to 3600 cubit pieces and the Kafeez is equal to 330 cubits which is a tenth of a Jareeb.

Dangane da farsakh (parasang), an ruwaito cewa Ja'afar bin Qudamah ya ce: "Yanki ne na kiyasin hannu (cubit), kuma yana daidai da kiyasin Hashimi (Hashemite cubit), wato kiyasi dubu tara (9000)." Al-Qalqashandi ya ambata cewa: "Kiyasin Hashimi yana daidai da kiyasin hannu da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na hannu, wanda shi ne kiyasin Mursala (wanda aka aika da tsayi). Kiyasin hannu kuma yana daidai da hannaye shida (qabda, kama da hannu), bisa ga matsakaicin ma'auni na hannu. Kowane hannu (qabda) yana da yatsu huɗu, watau ƙaramin yatsa, yatsan zobe, yatsan tsakiya da yatsan nuni. Kowane yatsa yana da gashi shida ƙanana da aka jera a kwance."

Commenting on the parasang, it has been reported that Ja’afar bin Qudamah said that, “It is a cubit area and is equivalent to the Hashemite cubit, that is 9000 cubits.” Qalqashandi mentioned that, “The Hashemite cubit is equal to a cubit and a third of the hand which is the Mursala (long dispatched) cubit. And the cubit of the hand is equal to 6 handfuls (clasps)on the basis of the average handful. Each handful is the four fingers i.e. the smallest finger, ring finger, the middle and the index finger. Each finger is 6 little hairs laid across.

Musulmi sun yi amfani da waɗannan tsawon-tsawon:

The Muslims used the following lengths:

Mai ɗaurewa = yatsu 4.

The clasp = 4 fingers.

Mursala na hannu da aka aika = dunƙule 6 ko yatsu 24.

The dispatched Mursala cubit = 6 clasps or 24 fingers.

An Abu Sa'id al-Khudri ya ruwaito cewa ya ce, "Mun kasance muna ba da sa'a guda na abinci a matsayin Zakat ul-Fitr, ko sa'a guda na sha'ir, ko sa'a guda na dabino, ko sa'a guda na cuku, ko sa'a guda na zabibi." An ruwaito daga Jabir ibn Abdullah, wanda ya ce, "Manzon Allah ﷺ yana wanka da sa'a guda, kuma yana tsarkake kansa da mudd." Kuma an ruwaito daga Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, ba tare da ambaton Annabi ﷺ ba, wanda ya ce, "Babu sadaka a cikin ƙasa da awsuq 5." Al-Wasq shi ne makhtoom 60, wanda shi ne sa'a, bisa shaida daga abin da aka ruwaito daga al-Hassan da Ibn Sirreen, dukansu sun ce, "Al-Wasq shi ne sa'a 60." Al-Sha'bi ya ruwaito cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce wa Ka'ab ibn 'Uzra, "Ba ka da abin da za ka yanka?" Ya ce, "A'a." Sai Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce, "To ka yi azumin kwana uku, ko ka ba da sadaka sa'a uku na dabino ga mabukata shida, ka ba biyu daga cikinsu sa'a guda." Kuma an ruwaito daga Muhammad ﷺ bin Ubaidullah al-Thaqafi, wanda ya ce, "'Umar ibn Al-Khattab ya sanya wa mutanen Sawad, a kan kowane Jareeb da ake zaune a cikinsa ko wanda ruwa ke malala a kansa, dirham guda da kafeez." Abu 'Ubaid ya ce a cikin Littafin Kudade, "Sa'a shi ne amdaad 4, kuma mudd shi ne fam daya da kashi daya bisa uku bisa ma'aunin Baghdadi, don haka sa'a shi ne fam 5 da kashi daya bisa uku, wato sa'an Annabi ﷺ kamar yadda Malik da mutanen Hijaz suka ambata." Idan aka duba hadisai, da abin da malaman fikihu, masu tattara hadisai da masana harshe suka ambata game da ma'auni da nauyi, ya nuna cewa sa'a ma'auni ne ga dukkan ma'aunan da aka yi amfani da su. Sa'a yana daidai da amdaad 4, mudd kuma fam daya da kashi daya bisa uku bisa ma'aunin Baghdadi, fam din Baghdadi kuma dirham 128 4/7 ne. Kimar dirham a gram da ake amfani da su a yau ita ce gram 3.17. Wannan ba dirham na kudi ba ne. Nauyin dirham na azurfa na Shari'a shi ne gram 2.975. Don haka nauyin fam din Baghdadi shi ne gram 408.

It has been narrated that Abu Said al-Khudri said, “We used to give a Sa’a from food for Zakat ul-Fitr, or a Sa’a from barley, or a Sa’a from dates, or a Sa’a from cheese, or a Sa’a from the raisons.” It has been narrated from Jabir ibn Abdullah who said, “The Messenger of Allah (saw) would wash himself with a Sa’a and purify himself with Mudd.” And it has been narrated from Abu Saeed al-Khudri, without metioning the Prophet (saw) who said, “There is no Sadaqah in less then 5 Awsuq.” Al-Wasq is 60 Makhtoom that is a Sa’a by evidence of what has been narrated from al-Hassan and Ibn Sirreen who both said, “Al-Wasq is 60 Sa’a.” Al-Sha’bi narrated that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said to Ka’ab ibn ‘Uzra, “Don’t you have something to slaughter?” He said, “No.” RasoolAllah (saw) said, “Then fast three days or give in charity 3 Sa’a of dates to 6 needy people, giving two of them one Sa’a.” And it has been narrated from Muhammad (saw) bin Ubaidullah al-Thaqafi who said, “‘Umar ibn Al- Khattab imposed on the people of the Sawad on each Jareeb inhabited or overflowing a Dirham and a Kafeez.” Abu ‘Ubaid says in the Book of Funds, “A Sa’a is 4 Amdaad, and the Mud is a pound and third in Baghdadi measurement, thus the a Sa’a is 5 pounds and a third, which is the Sa’a of the Prophet (saw) as Malik and the people of the Hijaz mention.” Examining the Ahadith, what has been mentioned by the Jurists and Muhadditheen and the linguists about the measures and weights shows that a Sa’a is a unit of measurement for all measures which was used. A Sa’a is equal to 4 Amdaad and a Mudd is a pound and third in Baghdadi measurement and the Baghdadi pound is 128 4/7 Dirhams. The estimate of the Dirham in terms of the gram used today was 3.17 grams. This is not the cash Dirham. The weight of the Shar’i silver Dirham is 2.975 grams. Thus the weight of the Baghdadi pound is 408 grams.