Hii inaonyesha na kuongoza kwenye kukataa kukubali nusrah ambayo masharti yanawekwa na kubainishwa, katika hali ambapo nusrah inakusudiwa kwa ajili ya kuchukua utawala.
The indicates and guides to the rejection of accepting the Nusrah in which conditions are placed and stipulated in the case where the Nusrah is for the sake of taking the rule.
Pia tuna ushahidi wa mazungumzo yaliyofanyika kati ya Nabii ﷺ, Abu Bakr (ra) upande mmoja, na viongozi wa Bani Shaibaan upande wa pili. Yafuatayo ndiyo yaliyotajwa katika kitabu ‘Ar-Rawd Al-Anf Fee Tafseer As-Seerah An-Nabawiyah’ cha Ibn Hishaam:
We also have as evidence the dialogue that took place between the Nabi (saw), Abu Bakr (ra) on one side and the chiefs of Bani Shaibaan on the other. The following is what was mentioned in the book: ‘Ar-Rawd Al-Anf Fee Tafseer As-Seerah An-Nabawiyah’ by Ibn Hishaam:
Abu Bakr aliuliza: ‘Idadi yenu ni kubwa kiasi gani?’.
‘Abu Bakr asked: ‘How large is your number?’.
Mmoja wa viongozi wao aliyeitwa Mafrooq alisema: ‘Sisi ni zaidi ya elfu moja, na kikundi cha elfu moja hakitashindwa kwa urahisi (au na kikundi kidogo) (yaani, ni kikubwa)’.
One of their leaders called Mafrooq said: ‘We number more than one thousand and a thousand will never be defeated easily (or by a small group) (i.e. it is substantial)’.
Abu Bakr aliuliza: ‘Je, kiwango chako cha Man’ah (nguvu ya kinga) ni kipi?’
Abu Bakr asked: ‘What is the level of your Man’ah (preventative force’?
Mafrooq alisema: 'Jihadi ni wajibu kwetu, na kila watu wana kiwango chao cha uzito' (yaani, sisi ni watu tuliozoea vita)
Mafrooq said: ‘The struggle is obliged upon us and every people has a point of seriousness’( i.e. we are people well used to war)
Abu Bakr: 'Matokeo ya vita kati yenu na maadui zenu ni yapi?'
Mafrooq: 'Tunapopigana huwa tuko katika moja ya hasira zetu, na vita huwa vikali.... Sisi tunapendelea farasi wetu kuliko watoto wetu, na tunapendelea silaha kuliko wanyama wa kukamua maziwa. Ushindi unatoka kwa Allah, wakati mwingine huishia kwa upendeleo wetu na wakati mwingine dhidi yetu. Inaonekana wewe ni ndugu wa Quraish?'
Abu Bakr: 'Umeambiwa kuwa yeye ni Mtume wa Allah ﷺ? Huyu hapa (pale)'.
Abu Bakr: ‘What is the result of war between you and your enemies?’ Mafrooq: ‘When we fight we are in one of our furies and the battle is enraged.... We prefer our horses to our children and we prefer weapons to milking animals. The victory comes from Allah, sometimes it ends in our favour and sometimes against us. It appears that you are a brother of Quraish?’ Abu Bakr: ‘You have been informed that he is the Messenger of Allah? Here he is (over there)’.
Mafrooq: ‘Tumearifiwa kwamba yeye mwenyewe amesema hivyo’.
Mafrooq: ‘We have been informed that he himself has said that’.
Kisha wakaelekea mahali alipokuwepo Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ huku wakisema: "Unawaalika nini, ewe ndugu kutoka Quraish?" Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ aliwakabili na kusema: "Ninaita kushuhudia kwamba hakuna Ilaah isipokuwa Allah peke yake, wala Hana mshirika, na kwamba mimi ni Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ. Ninawaalika mnipe hifadhi na mniunge mkono, kwa sababu Quraish wamepinga amri ya Allah na kukadhibisha Mjumbe Wake..."
They then headed to where the Messenger of Allah (saw) was whilst saying: ‘What are you inviting to O brother from Quraish?’ The Messenger of Allah (saw) met them and said: ‘I call to bear witness that there is no Ilaah other than Allah alone and He has no partner, and that I am the Messenger of Allah. I invite you to provide me with refuge and support me because the Quraish have gone into opposition to the command of Allah and belied His Messenger...’.
Mafrooq akasema: ‘Wallahi, watu ambao wamekukanusha na kukupinga wamekutungia uongo mkubwa.’
Mafrooq then said: ‘By Allah the people who have denied and opposed you have committed a huge lie against you’.
Kisha akazungumza na Al-Muthannaa Bin Haarithah, mmoja wa wazee wa kabila lao, kisha akasema: "...Tumefanya agano na Kisraa kwamba hatutafanya jambo jipya wala kumpa hifadhi mtu anayeleta jambo jipya, na ninaona kwamba jambo hili unalolitangaza ni jambo ambalo wafalme watalichukia. Kwa hiyo, ikiwa mnapenda, tunaweza kukupa hifadhi na ulinzi, na kukusaidia dhidi ya Waarabu katika maeneo yao."
He then spoke to Al-Muthannaa Bin Haarithah one of the elders of their tribe and then said: ‘...We have made a covenant with Kisraa stating that we will not do anything new or give shelter to someone bringing something new and I see that this matter that you are calling to is one that the Kings will be displeased with. Therefore if you like we can provide you with shelter and refuge and support you against the Arab in their territories.
Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alijibu: “Hukukosea katika jibu lako kwa kuwa umezungumza waziwazi, kwa kusema ukweli. Hata hivyo, Dini ya Allah haitasaidiwa kamwe isipokuwa na yule anayeikumbatia pande zake zote (yaani kikamilifu bila vizuizi vyovyote).”
The Messenger of Allah (saw) replied: ‘You have not committed a disservice in your reply as you have spoken clearly to the point with honesty. However the Deen of Allah will never be supported except by the one who encompasses all of its aspects (i.e. completely without any restrictions)’.
Ni wazi basi kwamba mazungumzo haya yalifanywa kwa lengo la kupata Hukm (utawala), na pia ni wazi kwamba Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ hakukubali Nusrah (msaada) ambao ulikuwa haujakamilika au wenye vikwazo.
It is therefore clear that this dialogue was made for the sake of attaining the Hukm (rule) and it is also clear that the Messenger of Allah (saw) did not accept the Nusrah which was incomplete or restricted.
Vitendo hivi vya Nabii (saw) vinaeleza namna ya kusimamisha hukumu ya Allah juu ya ardhi katika hali ambayo mamlaka ni ya kufuru na ambapo wanaolingania kwa Allah ni Mustad'afeen (wanyonge na walioonewa). Kusimamishwa kwa Hukmu ya Allah ni Fardhi, na kazi kwa ajili yake ni Fardhi. Kwa hiyo, kitendo kinachobainisha na kufafanua Fardhi hiyo kina lazima na kinapasa kutekelezwa. Licha ya majaribio mengi ya Nabii (saw) kushindwa kuzaa matunda yaliyotarajiwa, Nabii (saw), kama tulivyokwisha eleza, hakuacha Tariqah (mbinu) hii. Badala yake aliendelea kuwaendea makabila na kutafuta Nusrah kutoka kwao, hadi alipoipata kutoka kwa Waislamu wa Yathrib.
These actions of the Nabi (saw) explain the manner of how the rule of Allah is established upon the earth in the reality where the authority is Kufr and where those calling to Allah are Mustad’afeen (weak and oppressed). The establishment of the Hukm of Allah is Fard and the work for its sake if Fard. As such the action that clarifies and explains that Fard is binding and must be abided by. In spite of many attempts by the Nabi (saw) failing to produce the sought after fruits, the Nabi (saw), as we have already explained, did not divert away from this Tareeqah (method). Rather he continued to approach the tribes and seek Nusrah from them until he attained it from the Muslims of Yathrib.
Katika vitabu vya Siyrah kama ‘Ar-Rawd Al-Anf’, ‘Taarekh At-Tabari’ na ‘Zaad Al-Ma’aad’ miongoni mwa vingine, imetajwa kwamba katika msimu mmoja wa Hija kundi kutoka kabila la Khazraj lilifika Makkah. Mtume ﷺ alikutana nao, akawaalika kwenye Uislamu, nao wakamwamini na kuukubali Uislamu. Kisha akajitambulisha kwao kama alivyojitambulisha kwa wengine, ili wamchukue kwao na kumsaidia, ili aweze kuufikisha Ujumbe wa Allah (SWT). Hata hivyo, walikuwa katika mgogoro na kabila la Aus kutokana na vita vilivyokuwa vikiendelea kati yao, nao wakahisi kwamba Mtume ﷺ kuondoka pamoja nao kungeweza kusababisha Aus kuukataa Da'wah yake. Hivyo wakamwambia (ﷺ) kundi hilo la Khazraj: "...Kwa sasa sisi tumetengana na tuna uadui baina yetu, na ukija kwetu leo ilhali bado hatujasuluhisha na kupatana, hatutakuwa kundi la kutosha kwako."
In the books of Seerah like ‘Ar-Rawd Al-Anf’, ‘Taarekh At-Tabari’ and ‘Zaad Al-Ma’aad’ amongst others it was mentioned: That in one of the Hajj seasons a group from amongst the Khazraj came to Makkah. The Nabi (saw) met them, invited them to Islaam and they believed in him and embraced Islaam. He then presented himself to them like he had presented himself to others in order for them to bring him to them and support him so that he could convey the Message of Allah (swt). However they were in a conflict with the Aus due to the war that had been occurring between them and they felt that the Nabi’s going along with them would lead to the Aus rejecting his Da’wah. So they (the Khazraji group) said to him (saw): ‘...We are currently distanced and hostile amongst each other and if you were to come to us today whilst we have not yet made up and reconciled we would not be a sufficient grouping for you.
"Na tunakuahidi kukutana nawe katika msimu ujao wa Hijja."
And we promise to meet you in the forthcoming Hajj season’.
Nabii (ﷺ) alifurahi, nao wakarudi kwa watu wao na kwa siri (au kwa busara) wakaeneza Da'wah kwao. Mwaka uliofuata walikuja kwenye Hijja kama walivyoahidi. Walikuwepo kumi kutoka Khazraj na wawili kutoka Aus. Nabii (ﷺ) alifanya kikao nao na kuitisha Bai'at ul 'Aqabah Al-Uolaa (Ahadi ya kwanza ya Al-'Aqabah), ambayo ilijulikana kama Bai'at un Nisaa' (Ahadi ya wanawake). Walipoondoka, Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) alimtuma Mus'ab Ibn 'Umair pamoja nao ili awafundishe Qur'aan. Mus'ab alifanikiwa kuwaongoza watu wengi wa Al-Madinah na kuwavuta viongozi wao kadhaa. Uislamu ukajulikana sana Al-Madinah, na hakuna kabila wala familia kubwa isipokuwa ndani yake kulikuwa na Muislamu au Waislamu. Hakika S'ad Ibn Mu'aadh aliwashinikiza kabila lake lote, wanaume wao wote na wanawake wao, wakaukubali Uislamu. Hii ndiyo iliyotokea Al-Madinah, na kwa upande wa Makkah, hali ilikuwa kama tunavyojua. Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) alikuwa anafahamu yaliyokuwa yanatokea Al-Madinah, naye alifurahishwa na hilo. Basi akaanza kujihusisha na kujadiliana na Waislamu wa Al-Madinah ili ahamie kwao, si tu ili aweze kufikisha ujumbe, bali pia ili aweze kuchukua utawala na mamlaka. Walijua na kuelewa kwamba Nusrah ambayo Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ)
The Nabi (saw) was pleased and they returned to their people and secretly (or discretely) carried the Da’wah to them. In the following year they came to the Hajj as they had promised. There were ten from the Khazraj and two from the Aus. The Nabi (saw) held a meeting with them and convened the Bai’at ul ‘Aqabah Al-Uolaa (The first pledge of Al-‘Aqabah) and it was known as the Bai’at un Nisaa’ (Pledge of the women). When they departed the Messenger of Allah (saw) sent Mus’ab Ibn ‘Umair along with them to teach them the Qur’aan. Mus’ab was successful in guiding many of the people of Al-Madinah and winning over a number of their leadership. Islaam became well-known in Al-Madinah and there was no clan or large family except that there was a Muslim or Muslims within it. Indeed S’ad Ibn Mu’aadh put pressure upon his whole clan including all of its men and women embrace Islaam. This was what happened in AlMadinah and as for Makkah then the situation was as we know. The Messenger of Allah (saw) was aware of what was happening in AlMadinah and he was pleased with that. He therefore began to engage and negotiate with the Muslims of Al-Madinah in order to move to them and not only so that he could convey the message but rather so that he could take over the rule (and authority). They knew and understood that the Nusrah which the Messenger of Allah (saw)
...ilimaanisha kutaka kwao kutangaza vita dhidi ya kila mtu, na kwa sababu hiyo hawakuwa tayari wala wameandaliwa kwa hilo mwanzoni. Hata hivyo, hali ngumu ya Waislamu (huko Makkah) iliwasukuma kuchunguza na kuangalia suala hili. Walifanya mkutano Al-Madinah, na matokeo yake waliamua kwenda kwa Nabii ﷺ na kumpa Bai'ah juu ya yote aliyoyadai na kuyaweka kama sharti.
sought from them meant declaring war upon everyone and as such they were not ready or prepared for that at the beginning. However the (dire) situation of the Muslims (in Makkah) motivated them to examine and look into this matter. They held a conference in Al-Madinah and as a result they decided to go to the Nabi (saw) and give him the Bai’ah upon all that he demanded and stipulated.
Al-Bayhaqi alisimulia kutoka kwa Jaabir (ra) kwamba alisema:
Al-Baihaqi related from Jaabir (ra) that he said: