1.3.2 Maelezo kuhusu "Mu'akhaah" hii ya kihistoria (mkataba wa udugu) na watu waliohusika nayo

1.3.2 Maelezo kuhusu "Mu'akhaah" hii ya kihistoria (mkataba wa udugu) na watu waliohusika nayo - Katiba ya Kinabii ya Madina | Quran Course

Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alianzisha udugu (wa jozi) kati ya ‘Ali bin Abi Talib na Sahl bin Hanif.

“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) established a brotherhood (of pairs) between ‘Ali bin Abi Talib and Sahl bin Hanif”.

Katika “Ikhtisaar Al-Maghazi Wa s-Siyar” ya Ibn Abdul Barr (uk. 20, Shamela Electronic Book Program) imeelezwa chini ya kichwa: “Kuundwa kwa udugu na Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ baina ya Muhajirina na Ansari”:

In “Ikhtisaar Al-Maghazi Wa s-Siyar” of Ibn Abdul Barr (p.20 Shamela Electronic Book Program) stated under the heading: “The formation of brotherhood by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) between the Muhajirin and the Ansar”:

Mtume wa Allah (ﷺ) alianzisha undugu kati ya Muhajirina na Ansar, baada ya kujenga Msikiti. Imesemwa kwamba undugu huo ulianzishwa wakati Msikiti ukijengwa, kati ya Muhajirina na Ansar, kwa msingi wa kutoa msaada/usaidizi na juu ya ukweli. Kwa mujibu wa hilo, walikuwa wakirithiana wao kwa wao, si kwa msingi wa uhusiano wa damu, hadi ilipoteremshwa aya ifuatayo: {“Lakini wenye uhusiano wa damu wana haki zaidi (ya urithi) kwa hukumu ya Allah”} (8:75). Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi alisimulia kutoka kwa Ibn ‘Abbas: “Mtume wa Allah (ﷺ) alifanya undugu kati ya masahaba wake; Muhajirina na Ansar, nao walikuwa wakirithiana, hadi ikateremshwa: {“Lakini wenye uhusiano wa damu wana haki zaidi (ya urithi) kwa hukumu ya Allah”} (8:75).

“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) established the brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, after building the Masjid. It has been said that the brotherhood was established whilst the Masjid was being built, between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, upon the basis of providing assistance/support and upon the truth. According to that, they would inherit from each other and not based upon blood relation, until the following was revealed: “But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allah” (8:75). Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi related from Ibn ‘Abbas: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made a brotherhood between his companions; the Muhajirin and the Ansar, and they inherited from each other, until: “But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allah” (8:75) was revealed.

Sa'eed bin Dawud alisema: "Tumepokea na kuandika kutoka kwa Mashaykh wetu kwamba yeye (ﷺ) alianzisha udugu, siku hiyo, kati ya Abu Bakr As-Siddiq na Kharija bin Zaid bin Abu Zuhair, na kati ya 'Umar ibn ul-Khattab na 'Uwaim bin Sa'idah." Alisema: "Na imesemwa kwamba udugu ulifanywa kati ya 'Umar ibn ul-Khattab na Mu'adh bin 'Afraa'." Alisema: "Na imesemwa pia: Udugu ulianzishwa kati ya 'Umar na 'Atban bin Malik, 'Uthman bin 'Affan na 'Aws bin Thabit, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib na Sahl bin Hanif, Zaid bin Haritha na Usaid bin Al-Hudair, Abu Marthad Al-Ghanwiy na 'Ubadah bin Samit, Az-Zubair na Ka'b bin Malik, Talha na Ubayy bin Ka'b, Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas na Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf na Sa'd bin Ar-Rabee', Abdullah bin Jahsh na 'Asim bin Thabit, Abu Hudhaifa bin 'Utbah na 'Abbad bin Bishr, 'Utbah bin Ghazwan na Abu Dujana, Mus'ab bin 'Umair na Abu Ayub, Ibn Mas'ud na Mu'adh bin Jabal, Abu Salamah bin Abdul Asad na Sa'd bin Khuthaimah, 'Ammar na Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman, Abu 'Ubaidah na Muhammad bin Maslama, Uthman bin Mazh'un na Abu Al-Haitham bin At-Taihan, na kati ya Salman Al-Farisi na Abu Ad-Dardaa'." Al-Hafizh Abu 'Umar, Allah amridhie, alisema: Sanid alitaja hili na hakulihusisha kwa mtu yeyote kwa njia ya mnyororo wa wapokezi, akisema tu kwamba liliwafikia. Lililo sahihi, kwa mujibu wa wanazuoni wa wasifu na simulizi, kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa udugu ambao ulifanywa na Mjumbe wa Allah (ﷺ) kati ya Muhajirina na Answari, alipofika Al-Madina, ni kwamba: Alianzisha udugu kati ya Abu Bakr As-Siddiq na Kharija bin Zaid bin Abu Zuhair, 'Umar ibn ul-Khattab na 'Atban bin Malik, 'Uthman bin 'Affan na Aws bin Thabit bin Al-Mundhir (ndugu yake Hassan bin Thabit), na kwamba alianzisha udugu kati ya 'Ali bin Abi Talib na yeye mwenyewe (ﷺ). Alimwambia: "Wewe ni ndugu yangu katika dunia (maisha ya dunia hii) na Akhera". (Baada ya kutajwa kwa mlolongo wa wasimulizi) Ibn ‘Abbas alisimulia: "Kwamba Mtume ﷺ alimwambia ‘Ali: "Wewe ni ndugu yangu na rafiki yangu". (Baada ya kutajwa kwa mlolongo wa wasimulizi) Ibn ‘Abbas alisimulia: Ali alikuwa akisema: "Kwa hakika Allah, mimi ni ndugu wa Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ na Wali wake". (Baada ya kutajwa kwa mlolongo wa wasimulizi) ‘Abbad bin Abdullah alisema: Nilimsikia ‘Ali akisema: "Mimi ni Abdullah (mja wa Allah) na ndugu wa Mjumbe wake, na hakuna atakayesema hivyo baada yangu isipokuwa mwongo mkubwa na mzushi". (Baada ya kutajwa kwa mlolongo wa wasimulizi) Abu Suleiman Al-Jahaniy, yaani Zaid bin Wahb, alisema: Nilimsikia ‘Ali akisema kutoka kwenye Minbar (mimbari): "Mimi ni Abdullah (mja wa Allah) na ndugu wa Mjumbe wake. Hakuna aliyesema hivyo kabla yangu wala hatakayesema baada yangu isipokuwa mwongo mkubwa na mzushi".

Sa’eed bin Dawud stated: “We have conveyed and recorded from our Shuyukh (i.e. teachers) that he (peace be upon him): Established a brotherhood, on that day, between Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and Kharija bin Zaid bin Abu Zuhair, and between ‘Umar ibn ul-Khattab and ‘Uwaim bin Sa’idah”. He said: And it has been said that it was made between ‘Umar ibn ul-Khattab and Mu’adh bin ‘Afraa’. He said: And it has (also) been said: The brotherhood was established between ‘Umar and ‘Atban bin Malik, ‘Uthman bin ‘Affan and ‘Aws bin Thabit, ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Sahl bin Hanif, Zaid bin Haritha and Usaid bin Al- Hudair, Abu Marthad Al-Ghanwiy and ‘Ubadah bin Samit, Az-Zubair and Ka’b bin Malik, Talha and Ubayy bin Ka’b, Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas and Sa’d bin Mu’adh, Abdur Rahman bin ‘Auf and Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’, Abdullah bin Jahsh and ‘Asim bin Thabit, Abu Hudhaifa bin ‘Utbah and ‘Abbad bin Bishr. ‘Utbah bin Ghazwan and Abu Dujana, Mus’ab bin ‘Umair and Abu Ayub, Ibn Mas’ud and Mu’adh bin Jabal, Abu Salamah bin Abdul Asad and Sa’d bin Khuthaimah, ‘Ammar and Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman, Abu ‘Ubaidah and Muhammad bin Maslama, Uthman bin Mazh’un and Abu Al-Haitham bin At-Taihan, and between Salman Al-Farisi and Abu Ad-Dardaa’. Al-Hafizh Abu ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Sanid mentioned this and did not attribute through a line of transmission to anyone, merely saying that it was conveyed to him. What is authentic, according to the scholars of the biographies and reports, in respect to the establishment of brotherhood, which was undertaken by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, when he arrived in Al-Madinah, is that: He established brotherhood between Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and Kharija bin Zaid bin Abu Zuhair, ‘Umar ibn ul-Khattab and ‘Atban bin Malik, Uthman bin ‘Affan and Aws bin Thabit bin Al-Mundhir (the brother of Hassan bin Thabit) and that he established brotherhood between ‘Ali bin Abi Talib and himself (peace be upon him). He said to him: “You are my brother in the Dunya (life of this world) and the hereafter”. (Following the mention of the line of transmission) Ibn ‘Abbas related: “That the Prophet (peace be upon him) said to ‘Ali: “You are my brother and my companion”. (Following the mention of the line of transmission) Ibn ‘Abbas related: Ali use to say: “By Allah, I am the brother of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and his Wali”. (Following the mention of the line of transmission) ‘Abbad bin Abdullah said: I heard ‘Ali saying: “I am Abdullah (the slave of Allah) and the brother of His Messenger and none will say that after me except a great liar and fabricator”. (Following the mention of the line of transmission) Abu Suleiman Al-Jahaniy, meaning Zaid bin Wahb, said: I heard ‘Ali saying from the Minbar (pulpit): “I am Abdullah (the slave of Allah) and the brother of His Messenger. No one has said that before me and none will say it after me except for a great liar and fabricator”.

Na yeye (ﷺ) alianzisha udugu kati ya Ja'far bin Abi Talib, wakati yuko katika nchi ya Al-Habashah (Abyssinia), na Mu'adh bin Jabal, Abdur Rahman bin 'Awf na Sa'd bin Ar-Rabee', Az-Zubair na Salamah bin Sarimah bin Waqsh, Talha na Ka'b bin Malik, Abu 'Ubaidah na Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Sa'd (yaani bin Abi Waqqas) na Muhammad bin Maslamah, Sa'eed bin Zaid na Ubayy bin Kas'b, na kati ya Mus'ab ibn 'Umair na Abu Ayub, 'Ammar na Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman, mshirika wa Bani Al-Ash'hal. Pia imesemwa kwamba yeye (amani iwe juu yake) alianzisha udugu kati ya ‘Ammar na Thabit bin Qais, Abu Hudhaifah bin ‘Utbah na ‘Abbad bin Bishr, Abu Dharr na Al-Mundir bin ‘Amr, Ibn Mas’ud na Sahl bin Hanif, Salman Al-Farisi na Abu Ad-Dardaa’, Bilal na Abu Ruwaihah Al-Khath’ami (mshirika wa Ansar), Hatib bin Abi Balta’a na ‘Uwaim bin Sa’ida, Abdullah bin Jahsh na ‘Asim bin Thabit, Ubaidah bin Al-Harith na ‘Umair bin Al-Humam, At-Tufail bin Al-Harith (ndugu yake ‘Ubaida) na Sufyan bin Bishr bin Zaid, kutoka Bani Jashm bin Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj, Al-Husain bin Al-Harith (ndugu yao) na Abdullah bin Jubair, Uthman bin Mazh’un na Al-Abbas bin ‘Ubadah, ‘Utbah bin Ghazwan na Mu’adh bin Ma’is, Safwan bin Bayda’ na Rafi’ bin Al-Mua’lla, Al-Midad bin ‘Amr na Abdullah bin Rawahah, Dhu ash-Shimalain na Yazid bin Al-Harith, kutoka Bani Haritha bin Tha’laba bin Ka’b bin Al-Khazraj, Abu Salamah bin Abdul Asad na Sa’eed bin Khaithama, ‘Umair bin Abi Waqqas na Khubaib bin ‘Adiy, Abdullah bin Mazh’un na Qutbah bin ‘Amir bin Hudaida, Shamas bin Uthman na Hanzhala bin Abi ‘Amir, Al-Arqam bin Abi Al-Arqam na Talha bin Zaid, kutoka Bani Abdul Ash’hal, ‘Aqil bin Al-Bakir na Mubashir bin Abdul Mundhir, Abdullah bin Makhrama na Farwa bin ‘Amr Al-Bayadi, Khunais bin Hadhafah na Al-Mundhir bin Muhammad bin ‘Uqba bin Uhaiha bin Al-Jalah, Abu Subra bin Abi Ruhm na ‘Ubadah bin Al-Kashkash, Musattah bin Athatha na Zaid bin Al-Muzayyin, Abu -l-Murthad Al-Ghanawi na ‘Ubadah bin Samit, Bin ‘Akasha bin Muhasan na Al-Mujadhir bin Ziyad Al-Balwa, mshirika wa Ansar, ‘Amir bin Fuhaira na Al-Harith bin As-Summah, Muhajji’ Mawla ‘Umar na Suraqah bin ‘Amr bin ‘Atiya, kutoka Bani Ghanam bin Malik bin An-Najar.

And he (peace be upon him) established brotherhood between Ja’far bin Abi Talib, whilst he was in the land of Al-Habashah (Abyssinia) and Mu’adh bin Jabal, Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf and Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’, Az-Zubair and Salamah Bin Sarimah bin Waqsh, Talha and Ka’b bin Malik, Abu ‘Ubaidah and Sa’d bin Mu’adh, Sa’d (i.e. bin Abi Waqqas) and Muhammad bin Maslamah, Sa’eed bin Zaid and Ubayy bin Kas’b, and between Mus’ab ibn ‘Umair and Abu Ayub, ‘Ammar and Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman, the ally of Bani Al-Ash’hal. It has also been said that he (peace be upon him) established brotherhood between ‘Ammar and Thabit bin Qais, Abu Hudhaifah bin ‘Utbah and ‘Abbad bin Bishr, Abu Dharr and Al-Mundir bin ‘Amr, Ibn Mas’ud and Sahl bin Hanif, Salman Al-Farisi and Abu Ad-Dardaa’, Bilal and Abu Ruwaihah Al-Khath’ami (an ally of the Ansar), Hatib bin Abi Balta’a and ‘Uwaim bin Sa’ida, Abdullah bin Jahsh and ‘Asim bin Thabit, Ubaidah bin Al-Harith and ‘Umair bin Al-Humam, At-Tufail bin Al-Harith (‘Ubaida’s brother) and Sufyan bin Bishr bin Zaid, from Bani Jashm bin Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj, Al-Husain bin Al-Harith (their brother) and Abdullah bin Jubair, Uthman bin Mazh’un and Al- Abbas bin ‘Ubadah, ‘Utbah bin Ghazwan and Mu’adh bin Ma’is, Safwan bin Bayda’ and Rafi’ bin Al-Mua’lla, Al-Midad bin ‘Amr and Abdullah bin Rawahah, Dhu ash-Shimalain and Yazid bin Al-Harith, from Bani Haritha bin Tha’laba bin Ka’b bin Al-Khazraj, Abu Salamah bin Abdul Asad and Sa’eed bin Khaithama, ‘Umair bin Abi Waqqas and Khubaib bin ‘Adiy, Abdullah bin Mazh’un and Qutbah bin ‘Amir bin Hudaida, Shamas bin Uthman and Hanzhala bin Abi ‘Amir, Al-Arqam bin Abi Al-Arqam and Talha bin Zaid, from Bani Abdul Ash’hal, ‘Aqil bin Al-Bakir and Mubashir bin Abdul Mundhir, Abdullah bin Makhrama and Farwa bin ‘Amr Al-Bayadi, Khunais bin Hadhafah and Al-Mundhir bin Muhammad bin ‘Uqba bin Uhaiha bin Al-Jalah, Abu Subra bin Abi Ruhm and ‘Ubadah bin Al-Kashkash, Musattah bin Athatha and Zaid bin Al-Muzayyin, Abu -l-Murthad Al-Ghanawi and ‘Ubadah bin Samit, Bin ‘Akasha bin Muhasan and Al-Mujadhir bin Ziyad Al-Balwa, an ally of the Ansar, ‘Amir bin Fuhaira and Al-Harith bin As-Summah, Muhajji’ Mawla ‘Umar and Suraqah bin ‘Amr bin ‘Atiya, from Bani Ghanam bin Malik bin An-Najar.

Mtume wa Allah (ﷺ) pia alikuwa ameanzisha udugu miongoni mwa Muhajirina kabla ya Hijra, kwa msingi wa ukweli pamoja na kutoa msaada na kusaidiana. Alifanya udugu kati ya Abu Bakr na ‘Umar, Hamza na Zaid bin Haritha, ‘Uthman na Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf, Az-Zubair na Abdullah ibn ul-Mas’ud, ‘Ubaida bin Al-Harith na Bilal, Mus’ab bin ‘Umair na Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas, Abu ‘Ubaida na Salim, mawlaa wa Abu Hudhaifah, na kati ya Sa’eed bin Zaid na Talha bin ‘Ubaidullah. Kisha alipofika Al-Madinah alianzisha udugu kati ya Muhajirina na Ansar, kwa mujibu wa yale yaliyotajwa hapo awali.” [Mwisho wa nukuu]

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had also established a brotherhood among the Muhajirin prior to the Hijrah, upon the basis of the truth in addition to the provision of assistance/support. He made a brotherhood between Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, Hamza and Zaid bin Haritha, Uthman and Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf, Az-Zubair and Abdullah ibn ul-Mas’ud, ‘Ubaida bin Al-Harith and Bilal, Mus’ab bin ‘Umair and Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas, Abu ‘Ubaida and Salim the Mawla of Abu Hudhaifah, and between Sa’eed bin Zaid and Talha bin ‘Ubaidullah. Then when he arrived in Al-Madinah he established the brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, upon what has previously been mentioned” [End of Quote].

Uanzishwaji wa udugu ulitokea mara mbili. Ya kwanza ilikuwa kati ya Muhajirina wenyewe kwa wenyewe, kabla ya Hijra, kwa msingi wa Haki (ukweli) na kutoa msaada/usaidizi. Mtume ﷺ alianzisha udugu (wa jozi jozi) kati yao (kwa jozi). Alianzisha udugu kati ya Abu Bakr na ‘Umar, Hamza na Zaid bin Harithah, ‘Uthman na Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf, Az-Zubair na Ibn Mas’ud, ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith na Bilal, Mus’ab bin ‘Umair na Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas, Abu ‘Ubaidah na Salim, mtumwa aliyeachiwa huru wa Abu Hudhaifa, Sa’eed bin Zaid na Talha bin Ubaidullah, na kati ya ‘Ali na yeye mwenyewe ﷺ. (Baada ya kutaja mnyororo kamili wa wapokezi) Abdullah ibn ‘Umar alisimulia: “Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alifanya agano la udugu kati ya masahaba wake. Alimfanya Abu Bakr na ‘Umar kuwa ndugu na aliendelea kufanya hivyo kati ya mtu fulani na mtu fulani hadi ‘Ali akabaki peke yake. Alikuwa mtu jasiri aliyeshikilia jambo lake akitaka kitu. Hivyo, Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alisema: ‘Je, hutafurahi kwangu kuwa ndugu yako?’ Akajibu: ‘Bila shaka, ee Mjumbe wa Allah, nitafurahi.’ Akasema: ‘Basi wewe ni ndugu yangu katika maisha ya dunia hii na ya Akhera.’” Kathir alisema: Nilimuuliza Jamee’ bin ‘Umair: “Unashuhudia hili kama lilivyosemwa na Abdullah ibn ‘Umar?” Akajibu: “Ndiyo, nashuhudia. Alipofika Al-Madinah alifanya udugu kati ya Muhajirina na Ansar, kwa msingi wa kutoa msaada/usaidizi na kwa haki, nyumbani kwa Anas bin Malik. Wangerithiana wao kwa wao kwa mujibu wa hilo, badala ya uhusiano wa damu, hadi ilipofunuliwa wakati wa vita vya Badr: "Lakini wenye uhusiano wa damu ndio wenye haki zaidi [ya urithi] katika hukumu ya Allah" (8:75), na hivyo (urithi huo) ukafutwa. Udugu wa "Mu'akhaah" (mkataba wa udugu kwa jozi) ulifanyika baada ya ujenzi wake ﷺ wa Msikiti. Pia imesemwa kuwa ulifanyika wakati wa ujenzi wa Msikiti. Abu 'Umar alisema kuwa ulitokea miezi 5 baada ya kuwasili kwake ﷺ Al-Madinah. (Baada ya kutaja mnyororo kamili wa wapokezi) Anas bin Malik alisimulia: "Muhajirina walisema: 'Ee Mjumbe wa Allah, hatujawahi kuona watu kama hawa tuliowafikia. Walifanya vizuri zaidi katika kutoa msaada wakiwa na kidogo, na walitoa zaidi wakiwa na wingi. Wametupatia chakula na kutugawia sehemu ya mazao yao ya wema hadi tukahofia kwamba watachukua thawabu yote kutoka kwetu.' Akajibu ﷺ: 'Hapana, mradi tu mnawasifu (yaani mnaonyesha shukrani) na kuwaombea dua.'" Ibn 'Umar alisema (kuhusu Answari): "Mmetuonyesha kwamba hakuna mwanaume Muislamu aliye na haki kubwa zaidi juu ya Dinari yake na Dirhamu yake (yaani fedha zake), kuliko ndugu yake Muislamu." Muslim aliipokea kutoka kwa Abu Kuraib, huku At-Tirmidhi na An-Nasaa'i wakiipokea kupitia Hannad, wote wawili wakiipokea kutoka kwa Abu Mu'awiyah.

The following was came mentioned in “‘Uyoon ul-Athar Fee Funoon il-Maghaziy Wa sh-Shama’il Wa s-Sair” of Ibn Sayed An-Nas (1/332): “The establishment of brotherhood occurred twice. The first was between the Muhajirin, among themselves, prior to Hijrah, upon the basis of the Haqq (truth) and provision of support/assistance. The Prophet (peace be upon him) established a brotherhood (of pairs) between them (in pairs). He established brotherhood between Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, Hamza and Zaid bin Harithah, Uthman and Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf, Az-Zubair and Ibn Mas’ud, ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith and Bilal, Mus’ab bin ‘Umair and Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas, Abu ‘Ubaidah and Salim the Mawla of Abu Hudhaifa, Sa’eed bin Zaid and Talha bin Ubaidullah, and between ‘Ali and himself (peace be upon him). (After mentioning the full line of transmission) Abdullah ibn ‘Umar related: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) established a brotherhood pact among his companions. He made Abu Bakr and ‘Umar brothers and continued to do so between so and so person and so and so person until ‘Ali remained. He was a courageous man who persevered upon his matter if he wished for something. So, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: “Would you not be pleased for me to be your brother?” He replied: “Of course, O Messenger of Allah, I would be pleased”. He said: “Then you are my brother in the life of this world and the next”. Kathir said: I asked Jamee’ bin ‘Umair: “You bear witness to this as being said by Abdullah ibn ‘Umar?” He replied: “Yes, I bear witness. When he (peace be upon him) arrived in Al-Madinah he made a brotherhood between the Muhajirin and the Ansar, upon the basis of the provision of support/assistance and upon the truth, at the house of Anas bin Malik. They would inherit from each other in accordance to that, instead of blood relations, until the following was revealed at the time of the battle of Badr: “But those of [blood] relationship are more entitled [to inheritance] in the decree of Allah” (8:75) and so it (the inheriting) was abrogated. The “Mu’akhaah” (brotherhood pact in pairs) took place after his (peace be upon him) building of the Masjid. It has also been said that it happened during the building of the Masjid. Abu ‘Umar said that it occurred 5 months following his (peace be upon him) arrival in Al- Madinah. (After mentioning the full line of transmission) Anas bin Malik related: “The Muhajirun said: “O Messenger of Allah, we have not seen anything like the people to whom we have come to. They excelled in provision of support/assistance when they have little and they excelled in giving from when they have a lot. They have sufficed us with food and have provided us a share in the goodness (produce) to the point that we feared that they would take all of the reward from us”. He (peace be upon him) answered: “No, as long as you praise them (i.e. show gratitude) and make Du’a (supplication) for them””. Ibn ‘Umar said (regarding the Ansar): “You have shown us that no Muslim man has a greater right to his Dinar and Dirham (i.e. money), than his Muslim brother”. Muslim related it from Abu Kuraib whilst At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasaa’i related it via Hannad, both of whom related it from Abu Mu’awiyah.

Ibn Ishaq alisema: "Mtume wa Allah ﷺ alianzisha udugu (wa jozi) kati ya masahaba zake Muhajirina na Ansar. Akasema: 'Iweni ndugu kwa ajili ya Allah, kwa jozi, jozi baada ya jozi'. Kisha akamshika mkono 'Ali bin Abi Talib na kusema: 'Huyu ni ndugu yangu'. Kwa hiyo Mtume wa Allah ﷺ na 'Ali walikuwa ndugu, Hamza na Zaid bin Haritha walikuwa ndugu, na siku ya Uhud Hamza alimwachia urithi (yaani urithi kwa msingi wa udugu huo uliowekwa rasmi)" … [Maelezo: Sunaid bin Dawud alitaja kwamba Zaid bin Haritha na Usaid bin Al-Hudair walikuwa ndugu, jambo ambalo ni sahihi, kwa sababu waliwakilisha Mwansari (msaidizi) na Mhajiri (muhamiaji). Kuhusu udugu uliowekwa kati ya Hamza na Zaid, tumeshautaja katika tukio la kwanza]. (Turudi kwa Ibn Ishaq): Na Ja'far bin Abi Talib na Mu'adh bin Jabal walikuwa ndugu [Maelezo: Al-Waqidiy alikanusha hili kwa sababu Ja'far hakuwepo na alikuwa Abyssinia wakati huo. Sunaid aliona kwamba udugu ulikuwa kati ya Ibn Mas'ud na Mu'adh bin Jabal]. (Turudi kwa Ibn Ishaq): Abu Bakr bin Abi Qahafah na Kharija bin Zaid bin Abi Zuhair walikuwa ndugu, 'Umar bin Al-Khattab na 'Atban bin Malik walikuwa ndugu, Abu 'Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah na Sa'd bin Mu'adh walikuwa ndugu, 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Awf na Sa'd bin Ar-Rabee' walikuwa ndugu, na Az-Zubair bin Al-'Awwam na Salama bin Salaama bin Waqsh walikuwa ndugu. Pia imesemwa: Bali ni Az-Zubair na Abdullah bin Mas'ud. [Nasema: Hili lilikuwa kuhusu agano la kwanza la udugu lililowekwa kabla ya Hijra]. 'Uthman bin Affan na Aws bin Thabit bin Al-Mundhir walikuwa ndugu, Talha bin Ubaidullah na Ka'b bin Malik walikuwa ndugu, Sa'eed bin Zaid na Ubayy bin Ka'b walikuwa ndugu, Mus'ab bin 'Umair na Abu Ayub Khaild bin Zaid walikuwa ndugu, Abu Hudhaifa bin 'Utbah na 'Abbad bin Bishr walikuwa ndugu, 'Ammar bin Yasir na Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman walikuwa ndugu. [Maoni: Pia imesemwa: Bali Thabit bin Qais bin Ash-Shimas na Abu Dharr na Al-Mundhir bin 'Amr walikuwa ndugu, lakini Al-Waqidi alikanusha hilo kwa sababu Abu Dharr hakuwepo Al-Madinah, akisema: Hakuwepo katika vita vya Badr, Uhud wala Al-Khandaq (vita vya handaki), bali alifika (Al-Madinah) baada ya hapo. Pia alikuwa na Tulaib bin 'Umair na Al-Mundhir bin 'Amr kama ndugu zake]. (Kurudi kwa Ibn Ishaq): Hatib bin Ubayy Balta'a na 'Uwaim bin Sa'ida walikuwa ndugu, Salman Al-Farisi na Abu Ad-Dardaa' walikuwa ndugu, Bilal na Abu Ruwaiha Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman Al-Khath'ami walikuwa ndugu. Kwa mujibu wa Sunaid bin Dawud, kuhusiana na alichomweleza Abu 'Umar, udugu ulikuwa kati ya Abu Murthad na 'Ubadah bin Samit, Sa'd na Sa'd bin Mu'adh, Abdullah bin Jahsh na 'Asim bin Thabit bin Abi Al-Aflah, 'Utnah bin Ghazwan na Abu Dujana, Abu Salamah bin Abdul Asad na Sa'd bin Khuthaimah, na kati ya 'Uthman bin Mazh'un na Abu l-Haitham bin At-Taihan. Wengine waliongeza: Na kati ya 'Ubaidah bin Al-Harith na 'Umair bin Al-Humam, At-Tufail bin Al-Harith (ndugu wa Ubaidah) na Sufyan bin Nisr bin Zaid kutoka Bani Jashm bin Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj, Al-Husain (ndugu yao mwingine) na Abdullah bin Jubair, Uthman bin Mazh'un na Al-'Abbas bin 'Ubadah bin Nadlah, Safwan bin Baydaa' na Rafi' bin Al-Mua'lla, Al-Miqdad na Ibn Rawahah, Dhu ash-Shimalain na Yazid bin Al-Harith kutoka Bani Haritha, 'Umair bin Abi Waqqas na Khubaib bin 'Adiy, Abdullah bin Mazh'un na Qutbah bin 'Amir bin Hudaida, Shimas bin Uthman na Hanzhala bin Abi 'Amir, Al-Arqam bin Abi Al-Arqam na Talha bin Zaid, Zaid bin Al-Khattab na Ma'n bin 'Adiy, 'Amr bin Suraqah na Sa'd bin Zaid kutoka Bani Abdul Ash'hal, 'Aqil bin Al-Bakeer na Mubashar bin Abdul Mundhir, Abdullah bin Makhrama na Farwa bin 'Amr Al-Bayadi, Khunais bin Hadhafah na Al-Mundhir bin Muhammad bin 'Uqbah bin Uhaiha bin Al-Jalah, Subra bin Abi Ruhm na Ubadah bin Al-Khashkhash.] Musattah bin Athatha na Zaid bin Al-Muzayen, ‘Akasha bin Muhassan na Al-Mujadhar bin Dhiyad aliyekuwa mshirika wa Ansar, ‘Amir bin Fuhaira na Al-Harith bin As-Summa, na kati ya Muhajja’ aliyekuwa mawla wa ‘Umar na Suraqah bin ‘Amr bin ‘Atiyah kutoka Bani Ghanam bin Malik bin An-Najjar. Nyongeza yote hii ni kutoka kwa Abu ‘Umar, na inasemwa: Walikuwa mia moja; hamsini kutoka kwa Muhajirin na hamsini kutoka kwa Ansar. (Kumbuka: Jina la Zaid bin Al-Muzayen kama alivyosimulia Abu ‘Umar liliandikwa Al-Muzayen, ilhali Ibn Mafuz alisema Al-Mizyan na Ibn Hisham alisema Al-Muzani). Ibn Ishaq alisema: ‘Umar (bin Al-Khattab) alipoandikisha orodha za malipo huko Ash-Sham (Syria Kubwa) ambako Bilal alikuwa ameenda hapo awali na kukaa kama Mujahid, ‘Umar alimwambia Bilal: “Utaweka orodha yako (Diwan) kwa nani?” Akajibu: “Kwa Abu Ruwaiha; sitajitenga naye kamwe, kwa sababu ya udugu ambao Mtume wa Allah ﷺ aliuanzisha kati yangu na yeye”. Akaiunganisha Diwan ya Al-Habasha (Abyssinia) na Khath’am kwa sababu ya nafasi ya Bilal kuhusiana nao, na bado inabaki miongoni mwa Khath’am hadi leo hii huko Ash-Sham. (Baada ya kutaja mnyororo kamili wa wasimulizi) Abu ‘Umamah alisema: “Mtume ﷺ alipowaunganisha watu kuwa ndugu, alifanya agano la udugu kati yake na ‘Ali”. (Baada ya kutaja mnyororo kamili wa wasimulizi) Anas bin Malik amesimulia: “‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf alihamia Al-Madinah, kisha Mtume wa Allah ﷺ akafanya agano la udugu kati yake na Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’. Sa’d akamwambia: ‘Ee ‘Abdur Rahman, hakika mimi ni miongoni mwa Ansar tajiri zaidi, nami nitagawanya mali yangu baina yetu. Na nina wake wawili, kwa hiyo nitamwacha mmoja wao. Atakapomaliza kipindi chake cha eda, unaweza kumwoa’. Akajibu: ‘Allah na akubariki katika familia yako (wake zako) na mali yako’”. Al-Bukhari ameisimulia kutoka kwa Humaid kutoka kwa Anas kwa toleo refu kuliko hili.

Abdullah bin Muhammad bin ‘Umar bin ‘Ali alisimulia kutoka kwa baba yake akisema:

The following came stated in “Tarikh Dimashq” by Ibn ‘Asakir (30/94): Abdullah bin Muhammad bin ‘Umar bin ‘Ali related from his father saying:

Abu ‘Umar alisema: “Mtazamo sahihi kama unavyoshikiliwa na wanazuoni wa Seera na riwaya kuhusu “Mu’akhaah” (undugu) ambao Mtume wa Allah ﷺ aliufanya kati ya Muhajirina (wahamiaji) na Ansar (wasaidizi), alipofika Al-Madinah, ni kwamba ulifanyika baada ya kujenga Msikiti, na ulikuwa juu ya msingi wa kutoa msaada/usaidizi na Haqq (ukweli) …” Kisha akaendelea nayo kwa maelezo yake kama yalivyotajwa hapo awali, kisha akasema: “Nilisema: Na imekuja imetajwa katika kitabu cha Muslim kama ilivyopokelewa na Anas: ‘Kwamba alifanya undugu kati ya Abu ‘Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah na kati ya Abu Talha’. Abu ‘Umar alisema: Alifanya undugu kati ya Abu ‘Ubaida na Sa’d bin Mu’adh. Na ile ya kwanza haimo katika kitabu cha Muslim …” [Mwisho wa nukuu].

Abu ‘Umar said: “The correct view as held by the scholars of Seera and reports in respect to the “Mu’akhaah” (brotherhood) which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) concluded between the Muhajirin (emigrants) and the Ansar (helpers), when he came to Al- Madinah, was that it took place after his building of the Masjid and it was upon the basis of the provision of assistance/support and the Haqq (truth) …” He then proceeded with it details as have previously been mentioned and then said: “I said: And it came stated in book of Muslim as related by Anas: “That he concluded a brotherhood between Abu ‘Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah and between Abu Talha”. Abu ‘Umar said: He concluded a brotherhood between Abu ‘Ubaida and Sa’d bin Mu’adh. And the first is not in the book of Muslim …” [End of Quote].

Mimi nasema: Hilo si lazima liwe hivyo. Maneno ya Abu ‘Umar yanaweza kutegemea hadithi kadhaa zinazosaidiana, na hakuna kizuizi cha kiakili wala cha kisheria (Shar’iy) kinachomzuia Mtume ﷺ kuanzisha udugu kati ya Abu ‘Ubaidah na Sa’d bin Mu’adh, na pia kati ya Abu ‘Ubaidah na Abi Talha, kwa wakati mmoja. Mtu anaweza kuwa na ndugu kadhaa wa damu kwa wakati mmoja, na hali hii inaweza kuwa hivyo hata katika udugu huu. Au Mtume ﷺ anaweza kuwa alianzisha udugu kati ya Abu ‘Ubaida na Sa’d bin Mu’adh kwanza, kisha baadaye akaanzisha udugu kati yake na Abu Talha alipokuwa amesilimu wakati wa baadaye. Kwa vyovyote vile, idadi ya Ansar ilikuwa kubwa zaidi kuliko ya Muhajirina wakati ule, nao walikuwa wakishindana wenyewe kwa wenyewe katika kuwapa makazi Muhajirina na kuwatunza. Kwa hiyo, je, ingekuwa jambo la ajabu kwa Muhajir kuwa na ndugu kadhaa kutoka kwa Ansar?!

I say: That is not necessarily the case. The speech of Abu ‘Umar could be based upon a number of reports which support one another whilst there is no rational or Shar’iy (legal) prevention (Mani’) for the Prophet (peace be upon him) to have concluded a brotherhood between Abu ‘Ubaidah and Sa’d bin Mu’adh and Abi Talha at the same time. A person can have a number of brothers byu blood at the same time and this could be the same. Or he (peace be upon him) could have concluded a brotherhood between Abu ‘Ubaida and Sa’d bin Mu’adh first and then concluded a brotherhood between him and Abu Talha when he became Muslim at a later time. In any case, the number of the Ansar was much greater than the Muhajirin at that time and they were competing among themselves to provide accommodation to the Muhajirin and take care of them. Consequently, would it be strange for a Muhajir to have multiple brothers from the Ansar?!

Ibn Ishaq said: “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) established a brotherhood (of pairs) between his companions of the Muhajirin and the Ansar. He said: “Be brothers for the sake of Allah, in pairs, one pair after another”. He then took the hand of ‘Ali bin Abi Talib and said: “This is my brother”. As such, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and ‘Ali were brothers, Hamza and Zaid bin Haritha were brothers and on the day of Uhud Hamza bequeathed to him (i.e. inheritance based on that institutionalised brotherhood)” … [Comment: Sunaid bin Dawud mentioned that Zaid bin Haritha and Usaid bin Al-Hudair were brothers, which is fine, because they represented an Ansari (helper) and a Muhajiri (emigrant). As for the brotherhood established between Hamza and Zaid, then we have mentioned that in respect to the first instance]. (Returning to Ibn Ishaq): And Ja’far bin Abi Talib and Mu’adh bin Jabal were brothers [Comment: Al-Waqidiy denied this due to Ja’far being absent and in Abyssinia at the time. Sunaid viewed that the brotherhood was between Ibn Mas’ud and Mu’adh bin Jabal]. (Returning to Ibn Ishaq): Abu Bakr bin Abi Qahafah and Kharija bin Zaid bin Abi Zuhair were brothers, ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab and ‘Atban bin Malik were brothers, Abu ‘Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah and Sa’d bin Mu’adh were brothers, ‘Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf and Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’ were brothers, and Az- Zubair bin Al-‘Awwam and Salama bin Salaama bin Waqsh were brothers. It has also been said: Rather, Az-Zubair and Abdullah bin Mas’ud. [I say: This was in respect to the first pact of brotherhood established prior to the Hijrah]. Uthman bin Affan and Aws bin Thabit bin Al-Mundhir were brothers, Talha bin Ubaidullah and Ka’b bin Malik were brothers, Sa’eed bin Zaid and Ubayy bin Ka’b were brothers, Mus’ab bin ‘Umair and Abu Ayub Khaild bin Zaid were brothers, Abu Hudhaifa bin ‘Utbah and ‘Abbad bin Bishr were brothers, ‘Ammar bin Yasir and Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman were brothers. [Comment: It has also been said: Rather, Thabit bin Qais bin Ash-Shimas and Abu Dharr and Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr were brothers, however, Al-Waqidi denied that due to Abu Dharr being absent from Al-Madinah, saying: He was not present at Badr, Uhud or Al-Khandaq (battle of the trench), but rather he arrived (in Al-Madinah) after that. He also had Tulaib bin ‘Umair and Al-Mundhir bin ‘Amr as brothers]. (Returning to Ibn Ishaq): And Hatib bin Ubayy Balta’a and ‘Uwaim bin Sa’ida were brothers, Salman Al-Farisi and Abu Ad- Dardaa’ were brothers, Bilal and Abu Ruwaiha Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman Al-Khath’ami were brothers. According to Sunaid bin Dawud, in relation to what Abu ‘Umar informed him, the brotherhood was between Abu Murthad and ‘Ubadah bin Samit, Sa’d and Sa’d bin Mu’adh, Abdullah bin Jahsh and ‘Asim bin Thabit bin Abi Al-Aflah, ‘Utnah bin Ghazwan and Abu Dujana, Abu Salamah bin Abdul Asad and Sa’d bin Khuthaimah, and between ‘Uthman bin Mazh’un and Abu l-Haitham bin At-Taihan. Others added: And between ‘Ubaidah bin Al-Harith and ‘Umair bin Al- Humam, At-Tufail bin Al-Harith (the brother of Ubaidah) and Sufyan bin Nisr bin Zaid from Bani Jashm bin Al-Harith bin Al-Khazraj, Al- Husain (their other brother) and Abdullah bin Jubair, Uthman bin Mazh’un and Al-‘Abbas bin ‘Ubadah bin Nadlah, Safwan bin Baydaa’ and Rafi’ bin Al-Mua’lla, Al-Miqdad and Ibn Rawahah, Dhu ash-Shimalain and Yazid bin Al-Harith from Bani Haritha, ‘Umair bin Abi Waqqas and Khubaib bin ‘Adiy, Abdullah bin Mazh’un and Qutbah bin ‘Amir bin Hudaida, Shimas bin Uthman and Hanzhala bin Abi ‘Amir, Al-Arqam bin Abi Al-Arqam and Talha bin Zaid, Zaid bin Al-Khattab and Ma’n bin ‘Adiy, ‘Amr bin Suraqah and Sa’d bin Zaid from Bani Abdul Ash’hal, ‘Aqil bin Al-Bakeer and Mubashar bin Abdul Mundhir, Abdullah bin Makhrama and Farwa bin ‘Amr Al-Bayadi, Khunais bin Hadhafah and Al-Mundhir bin Muhammad bin ‘Uqbah bin Uhaiha bin Al-Jalah, Subra bin Abi Ruhm and Ubadah bin Al-Khashkhash. Musattah bin Athatha and Zaid bin Al-Muzayen, ‘Akasha bin Muhassan and Al-Mujadhar bin Dhiyad who was an ally of the Ansar, ‘Amir bin Fuhaira and Al-Harith bin As-Summa, and between Muhajja’ the Mawla of ‘Umar and Suraqah bin ‘Amr bin ‘Atiyah from Bani Ghanam bin Malik bin An-Najjar. All of this addition is from Abu ‘Umar and it is said: They numbered one hundred; fifty from the Muhajirin and fifty from the Ansar. (Note: The name of Zaid bin Al- Muzayen as related by Abu ‘Umar was written as Al-Muzayen, whilst Ibn Mafuz said Al-Mizyan and Ibn Hisham said Al-Muzani). Ibn Ishaq said: When ‘Umar (ibn Al-Khattab) registered the accounts in Ash-Sham (Greater Syria) where Bilal had previously gone and settled as a Mujahid, ‘Umar said to Bilal: “To whom will you make your accounts (Diwan)?” He replied: “To Abu Ruwaiha, I will never separate from him, due to the brotherhood that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) convened between me and him”. And he incorporated the Diwan (accounts) of Al-Habasha (Abyssinia) to Khath’am due to Bilal’s position in respect to them and it still remains among Khath’am until this day in Ash-Sham. (After mentioning the full line of transmission) Abu ‘Umamah said: “When the Prophet (peace be upon him) made brothers between the people, he established a pact of brotherhood between himself and ‘Ali”. (After mentioning the full line of transmission) Anas bin Malik related: “Abdur Rahman bin ‘Awf migrated to Al-Madinah and then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made a pact of brotherhood between him and Sa’d bin Ar-Rabee’. Sa’d then said to him: “O Abdur Rahman, indeed I am from the wealthiest of the Ansar and I will divide my wealth between us. And I have two wives and so I will divorce one of them. Then when her waiting period comes to an end, you can marry her”. He replied: “May Allah bless you in your family (wives) and your wealth””. Al-Bukhari related it from Humaid from Anas in a longer version than this” [End of Quote].