Muda mfupi baada ya kuhamia Madina, na baada ya kuhakikisha kuwa nguzo za jamii mpya ya Kiislamu zimeimarishwa juu ya misingi imara ya umoja wa kiutawala, kisiasa na kiitikadi, Mtume ﷺ alianza kuanzisha uhusiano wa kawaida na ulio wazi kwa uwazi na wasio Waislamu. Juhudi hizi zote zilifanywa kwa lengo pekee la kuleta amani, usalama na ustawi kwa wanadamu wote kwa ujumla, na kuleta roho ya maelewano na upatanifu katika eneo lake, hasa.

Soon after emigrating to Madinah and making sure that the pillars of the new Islamic community were well established on strong bases of administrative, political and ideological unity, the Prophet (Peace be upon him) commenced to establish regular and clearly-defined relations with non-Muslims. All of these efforts were exerted solely to provide peace, security, and prosperity to all mankind at large, and to bring about a spirit of rapport and harmony within his region, in particular.

Kijiografia, watu waliokuwa karibu zaidi na Madina walikuwa Mayahudi. Ingawa walikuwa wakificha nia mbaya na kubeba chuki kali, hawakuonyesha upinzani wowote wala uadui hata kidogo. Mtume ﷺ aliamua kuthibitisha mkataba nao wenye vipengele vinavyotoa uhuru kamili katika imani na mali. Hakuwa na nia yoyote kabisa ya kufuata sera kali zinazohusisha kuwafukuza, kunyang'anya mali na ardhi, au uhasama.

Geographically, the closest people to Madinah were the Jews. Whilst harbouring evil intentions, and nursing bitter grudge, they showed not the least resistance nor the slightest animosity. The Prophet decided to ratify a treaty with them with clauses that provided full freedom in faith and wealth. He had no intention whatsoever of following severe policies involving banishment, seizure of wealth and land or hostility.

Mkataba huo ulikuja ndani ya muktadha wa mkataba mwingine wa mfumo mkubwa zaidi unaohusu mahusiano baina ya Waislamu.

The treaty came within the context of another one of a larger framework relating to inter-Muslim relationships.

Masharti muhimu zaidi ya mkataba huo ni yafuatayo:

The most important provisions of the treaty are the following:

1. Mayahudi wa Bani ‘Awf ni umma mmoja pamoja na Waumini. Mayahudi watafuata dini yao, na Waislamu dini yao.

1. The Jews of Bani ‘Awf are one community with the believers. The Jews will profess their religion, and the Muslims theirs.

2. Mayahudi watawajibika kwa matumizi yao, na Waislamu kwa yao.

2. The Jews shall be responsible for their expenditure, and the Muslims for theirs.

3. Ikiwa mmoja wao atashambuliwa na mtu wa tatu, kila mmoja atakuja kumsaidia mwenzake.

3. If attacked by a third party, each shall come to the assistance of the other.

4. Kila upande utashauriana na mwenzake. Uhusiano wa pande hizi mbili utajengwa juu ya wema; dhambi imetengwa kabisa.

4. Each party shall hold counsel with the other. Mutual relation shall be founded on righteousness; sin is totally excluded.

5. Wala hakuna hata mmoja wao atakayetenda dhambi kwa madhara ya mwenzake.

5. Neither shall commit sins to the prejudice of the other.

6. Mhusika aliyedhulumiwa atasaidiwa.

6. The wronged party shall be aided.

7. Mayahudi watalazimika kuchangia gharama za vita mradi tu wanapigana pamoja na Waumini.

7. The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war so long as they are fighting alongside the believers.

8. Madinah itahifadhiwa kuwa takatifu na isiyovunjwa kwa wote wanaojiunga na mkataba huu.

8. Madinah shall remain sacred and inviolable for all that join this treaty.

9. Iwapo kutatokea kutoelewana kati ya waliotia saini mkataba huu, basi Allah, Mtukufu Mkuu, na Mtume Wake ndio watakaoamua mzozo huo.

9. Should any disagreement arise between the signatories to this treaty, then Allâh, the All-High and His Messenger shall settle the dispute.

10. Wale waliotia saini mkataba huu watasusia biashara na Quraish; pia watajiepusha kuwapa msaada wowote.

10. The signatories to this treaty shall boycott Quraish commercially; they shall also abstain from extending any support to them.

1. Kila kundi litachangia katika kuilinda Madina, endapo kutatokea shambulio la kigeni, katika eneo lake.

11. Each shall contribute to defending Madinah, in case of a foreign attack, in its respective area.

12. Mkataba huu hautamzuia upande wowote kutafuta kisasi halali.

12. This treaty shall not hinder either party from seeking lawful revenge.

Madina na vitongoji vyake, baada ya kuthibitishwa kwa mkataba huu, viligeuka kuwa dola ya muungano, huku Madina yenyewe ikiwa mji mkuu na Muhammad ﷺ akiwa 'rais'; mamlaka yalikuwa mikononi mwa Waislamu hasa, na kwa sababu hiyo ikawa mji mkuu halisi wa Uislamu. Ili kupanua eneo la amani na usalama, Mtume ﷺ alianza kuingia katika mikataba kama hiyo na makabila mengine yaliyoishi karibu na 'dola yake'.

Madinah and its suburbs, after the ratification of this treaty, turned into a coalition state, with Madinah proper as capital and Muhammad (Peace be upon him) as ‘president’; authorities lay mainly in the hand of the Muslims, and consequently it was a real capital of Islam. To expand the zone of peace and security the Prophet (Peace be upon him) started to enter into similar treaties with other tribes living around ‘his state’.