Kama Mtume (ﷺ) alivyoweka kanuni ya udugu miongoni mwa waumini, vivyo hivyo alikuwa na hamu ya kuanzisha uhusiano wa kirafiki kati ya Waislamu na makabila yasiyo ya Kiislamu ya Uarabuni. Alianzisha aina ya mkataba uliolenga kuondoa kabisa chuki zote za kabla ya Uislamu na uhasama kati ya makabila. Alikuwa makini sana asiache eneo lolote katika hati hiyo ambalo lingeruhusu mila za kabla ya Uislamu kuingia au kuvuruga mazingira mapya aliyotaka kuyaanzisha. Hapa tunapitia baadhi ya vifungu vyake.
Just as the Prophet (Peace be upon him) had established a code of brotherhood amongst the believers, so too he was keen on establishing friendly relations between the Muslims and non-Muslim tribes of Arabia. He established a sort of treaty aiming at ruling out all pre-Islamic rancour and inter-tribal feuds. He was so meticulous not to leave any area in the charter that would allow pre-Islamic traditions to sneak in or violate the new environment he wanted to establish. Herein, we look over some of its provisions.
Kwa Jina la Allah, Mwingi wa Rehema, Mwenye Kurehemu.
• In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
Hii ni hati kutoka kwa Muhammad, Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, kuhusu Wahamiaji na Wanusraji na wale waliowafuata na kujitahidi pamoja nao.
This is a document from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allâh, concerning Emigrants and Helpers and those who followed and strove with them.
1. Wao ni umma mmoja pekee, bila kuwajumuisha watu wengine.
1. They are one nation to the exclusion of other people.
2. Wahamiaji wa Quraish wanaungana pamoja, nao watalipa fidia ya damu miongoni mwao wenyewe, na watamkomboa kwa heshima mateka wao. Kila kabila la Ansar linaungana pamoja, kama walivyokuwa hapo mwanzo, na kila kundi miongoni mwao litalipa fidia ili kuwaachilia jamaa zao walio mateka.
2. The Emigrants of Quraish unite together and shall pay blood money among themselves, and shall ransom honourably their prisoners. Every tribe of the Helpers unite together, as they were at first, and every section among them will pay a ransom for acquitting its relative prisoners.
3. Waumini hawapaswi kumwacha yeyote miongoni mwao akiwa maskini kwa kushindwa kulipa fidia yake ya ukombozi au fidia ya damu kwa njia ya bidhaa.
3. Believers shall not leave anyone destitute among them by not paying his redemption money or blood money in kind.
4. Yeyote mwasi au yeyote anayetaka kueneza uadui na fitina, mkono wa kila Mwislamu mcha Mungu utakuwa dhidi yake, hata kama ni mwanawe.
4. Whoever is rebellious or whoever seeks to spread enmity and sedition, the hand of every God-fearing Muslim shall be against him, even if he be his son.
5. Muumini hapaswi kumuua muumini mwenzake, wala kumuunga mkono kafiri dhidi ya muumini.
5. A believer shall not kill another believer, nor shall support a disbeliever against a believer.
6. Ulinzi wa Allah ni mmoja (na unamfikia kwa usawa) kwa mwamini mnyenyekevu kabisa miongoni mwa waumini. 7. Waumini wanasaidiana wao kwa wao.
6. The protection of Allâh is one (and is equally) extended to the humblest of the believers. 7. The believers are supported by each other.
8. Yeyote miongoni mwa Mayahudi atakayetufuata atapata msaada na nusra; hawatadhurika, wala adui yeyote hatasaidiwa dhidi yao.
8. Whosoever of the Jews follows us shall have aid and succour; they shall not be injured, nor any enemy be aided against them.
9. Amani ya waumini haigawanyiki. Hakuna amani tofauti itakayofanywa pale waumini wanapopigana katika njia ya Allah. Masharti lazima yawe ya haki na ya usawa kwa wote.
9. The peace of the believers is indivisible. No separate peace shall be made when believers are fighting in the way of Allâh. Conditions must be fair and equitable to all.
10. Haitakuwa halali kwa muumini, anayeshikilia yaliyomo katika hati hii na anayeamini Allah na Siku ya Hukumu, kumsaidia mhalifu wala kumpa hifadhi. Wale wanaompa hifadhi na kumsaidia watapata laana na ghadhabu ya Allah Siku ya Kiyama. Fidia yao haitakubaliwa.
10. It shall not be lawful for a believer, who holds by what is in this document and believes in Allâh and the Day of Judgement, to help a criminal nor give him refuge. Those who give him refuge and render him help shall have the curse and anger of Allâh on the Day of Resurrection. Their indemnity is not accepted.
11. Kila mnapotofautiana katika jambo lolote, lazima lirejeshwe kwa Allah na kwa Muhammad ﷺ.
11. Whenever you differ about a matter, it must be referred to Allâh and to Muhammad.
12. Kumuua muumini kwa makusudi bila sababu ya kweli kunamlazimu muuaji kuuawa, isipokuwa walii wa damu ataamua vinginevyo.
12. Killing a believer deliberately with no good reason entails killing the killer unless the sponsor deems it otherwise.
Ilikuwa kwa hekima yake na ustadi wake pekee ndipo Mtume ﷺ alipoweka misingi ya jamii mpya. Jambo hili bila shaka liliacha alama yake kwa Waislamu wema. Alikuwa akiwalea katika nuru ya elimu ya Kiislamu, akizitakasa nafsi zao, akiwaamuru kushika uadilifu na tabia njema zenye sifa, na alikuwa na hamu ya kuwapandikiza maadili ya upendo, heshima, utukufu, ibada, na juu ya yote utii kwa Allah na Mtume wake ﷺ.
It was solely by his wisdom and dexterity, that the Prophet (Peace be upon him) erected the pillars of the new society. This phenomenon no doubt left its mark on the virtuous Muslims. He used to bring them up in the light of the Islamic education, he sanctified their selves, enjoined them to observe righteousness and praiseworthy manners and was keen on infusing into them the ethics of amity, glory, honour, worship and first and foremost obedience to Allâh and His Messenger.
Hii ni kundi la fadhila alizokuwa akizipandikiza katika nyoyo za wafuasi wake:
The following is a cluster of the virtues he used to inculcate in the minds of his followers:
• Mtu mmoja alimuuliza Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ ni tendo gani lililo bora zaidi katika Uislamu. Yeye [Mtume ﷺ] akasema:
• A man asked the Messenger of Allâh (Peace be upon him) which of the merits is superior in Islam. He [the Prophet (Peace be upon him)] remarked:
• "Kwamba utoe chakula na utoe salamu kwa unayemjua au usiyemjua."
• “That you provide food and extend greetings to one whom you know or do not know.”.
Abdubin Salâm alisema: Mtume ﷺ alipowasili Madina, nilimwendea kumwona, na mara moja nilitambua kwa sura yake kwamba hangeweza kamwe kuwa mwongo. Maneno ya kwanza aliyoyasema Mtume ﷺ yalikuwa:
‘Abdubin Salâm said: When the Prophet (Peace be upon him) arrived in Madinah, I went to see him and I immediately recognized through his features that he would never be a liar. The first things he (the Prophet [Peace be upon him)] said was:
• "Tawasalini salamu ya amani baina yenu, wapeni chakula wenye uhitaji, dumisheni mahusiano ya kifamilia, na fanyeni ibada ya sala usiku wakati watu wamelala, ndipo mtaingia Peponi kwa amani." ﷺ
• “Extend peace greetings amongst yourselves, provide food to the needy, maintain uterine relations, observe prayer at night while people are asleep, then you will peacefully enter the Garden (Paradise).”.
"Muislamu ni yule ambaye ulimi wake na mkono wake watu wa Kiislamu wako salama nao." Na akasema:
• “The Muslim is that one from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe.” And said:
"Hakuna miongoni mwenu anayeamini (kikweli) mpaka ampendelee nduguye yale anayojipendelea mwenyewe." Na akasema ﷺ:
• “None amongst you believes (truly) till one likes for his brother that which he loves for himself.” And said:
"Hataingia Peponi, yule ambaye jirani yake hana usalama dhidi ya madhara yake." Akasema:
• “He will not enter Paradise, he whose neighbour is not secure from his wrongful conduct.” And said:
• "Mwislamu ni ndugu wa Mwislamu mwenzake; hamdhulumu wala hamtelekezi. Atakayemwondolea Muislamu huzuni ya dunia, Allah atamwondolea mmoja wa huzuni za Siku ya Kiyama. Atakayemsitiri Mwislamu, Allah atamsitiri Siku ya Ufufuo." Na akasema:
• “A Muslim is the brother of a Muslim; he neither oppresses him nor does he fail him. Whosoever removes a worldly grief from a believer, Allâh will remove from him one of the griefs of the Day of Judgement. Whosoever shields a Muslim, Allâh will shield him on the Day of Resurrection.” And said:
"Kumtukana Mwislamu ni ufasiki, na kupigana naye ni ukafiri." Na akasema:
• “Abusing a Muslim is an outrage and fighting against him is disbelief.” And said:
"Kuondoa kitu chenye madhara barabarani ni sadaka." Akasema:
• “To remove something harmful from the road, is charity.” And said:
"Sadaka huyafuta dhambi kama vile maji yanavyozima moto." Na alisema:
• “Charity erases sins just as water extinguishes fire.” And said:
"Hatakuwa mumin kamili yule anayelala akiwa ameshiba huku akijua kwamba jirani yake ana njaa." Na akasema:
• “He is not a perfect believer, who goes to bed full and knows that his neighbour is hungry.” And said:
• “Wahurumieni watu duniani ili Allah awarehemu nyinyi mbinguni.” Na akasema: • “Jitahidini kuepusha Moto hata kwa nusu tende (katika sadaka) ikiwa si kwa kutoa neno jema.” Na akasema:
• “Show mercy to people on earth so that Allâh will have mercy on you in heaven.” And said: •“Try to avert fire even by half a date (in charity) if not by tendering a good word.” And said:
“Yeyote anayemvika Mwislamu asiye na nguo za kutosha, atastahiki vazi kutoka Peponi; anayemlisha Mwislamu mwenye njaa atastahiki (kwa Idhini ya Allah) matunda ya Peponi, na anayemnywesha maji Mwislamu mwenye kiu, Allah atamnywesha kinywaji kutoka ‘Kinywaji Kilichofungwa’.”
•“Clothing an under-clad Muslim, entitles you to a garment from the Paradise; feeding a hungry Muslim will make you eligible (by Allâh’s Will) for the fruit of the Paradise, and if you provide water to a thirsty Muslim, Allâh will provide you with a drink from ‘the Sealed Nectar’.”.
Alikuwa pia akiwahimiza waumini watoe sadaka, akiwakumbusha fadhila husika ambazo nyoyo zinazitamani. Alisema:
He used as well to exhort the believers to spend in charity reminding them of relevant virtues for which the hearts yearn. He said:
• “Waumini katika mapenzi yao ya pamoja ni kama mwili wa binadamu; pale jicho linapoumia, mwili mzima unahisi maumivu; kichwa kinapouma, mwili wote utateseka.” Akasema:
• “The believers in their mutual love, are like the human body where when the eye is in agony, the entire body feels the pain; when the head aches, all the body will suffer.” And said:
"Vifungo vya undugu kati ya Waislamu wawili ni kama sehemu za nyumba, sehemu moja huimarisha na kuishikilia nyingine." Akasema:
• “The bonds of brotherhood between two Muslims are like parts of a house, one part strengthens and holds the other.” And said:
• "Msiwe na chuki dhidi ya Muislamu; msiwe na wivu kwa Waislamu wengine; msimpinge Muislamu na kumwacha peke yake. Enyi waja wa Allah! Muwe kama ndugu kwa kila mmoja. Si halali kwa Muislamu kumwacha ndugu yake kwa zaidi ya siku tatu."
• “Do not have malice against a Muslim; do not be envious of other Muslims; do not go against a Muslim and forsake him. O the slaves of Allâh! Be like brothers with each other. It is not violable for a Muslim to desert his brother for over three days.”.