Uvamizi wa Tabuk mwezi wa Rajab, mwaka wa 9 Hijria.
The Invasion Of Tabuk In Rajab, In The Year 9 A.h.
Uvamizi na ushindi wa Makka ulichukuliwa kuwa ndio uamuzi wa mwisho kati ya haki na batili. Kutokana na hilo, Waarabu hawakuwa na shaka tena kuhusu utume wa Muhammad ﷺ. Hivyo tunaona kuwa mambo yalikwenda kinyume na matarajio ya washirikina. Watu walianza kuingia katika Uislamu, dini ya Allah, kwa idadi kubwa. Hili linadhihirika wazi katika sura ya "Ujumbe wa Makabila" (The Delegations) katika kitabu hiki. Pia linaweza kutolewa hitimisho kutokana na idadi kubwa ya watu waliohudhuria Hijjatul-Wadâ‘ (Hija ya Kuaga). Matatizo yote ya ndani yalikoma. Waislamu hatimaye walipata utulivu wakaanza kuweka misingi ya mafundisho ya Sheria za Allah na kuongeza juhudi za Da'wah ya Uislamu.
The invasion and the conquest of Makkah was considered a decisive one between the truth and the error. As a result of which, the Arabs had no more doubt in Muhammad’s mission. Thus we see that things went contrary to the pagans’ expectations. People started to embrace Islam, the religion of Allâh, in great numbers. This is manifested clearly in the chapter — The delegations, of this book. It can also be deduced out of the enormous number of people who shared in the Hajjatul-Wadâ‘ (Farewell Pilgrimage). All domestic troubles came to an end. Muslims, eventually felt at ease and started setting up the teachings of Allâh’s Laws and intensifying the Call to Islam.
SABABU ZA MSINGI
THE UNDERLYING REASONS
Nguvu ya Byzantine, ambayo wakati huo ilichukuliwa kuwa nguvu kubwa zaidi ya kijeshi duniani, ilionyesha upinzani usio na haki dhidi ya Waislamu. Kama tulivyokwisha taja, upinzani wao ulianza kwa kuuawa kwa balozi wa Mtume wa Allah ﷺ, Al-Harith bin ‘Umair Al-Azdi, na Sharhabeel bin ‘Amr Al-Ghassani. Balozi huyo alikuwa amebeba ujumbe kutoka kwa Mtume ﷺ kwenda kwa mtawala wa Busra. Tumeeleza pia kwamba Mtume ﷺ kwa sababu hiyo alituma kikosi chini ya amri ya Zaid bin Haritha, ambacho kilipigana vita vikali dhidi ya Wabyzantine huko Mu’tah. Ingawa majeshi ya Kiislamu hayakuweza kulipiza kisasi dhidi ya madhalimu hao wenye kiburi na majivuno, makabiliano yenyewe yaliacha athari kubwa kwa Waarabu kote Arabia. Kaisari, ambaye hakuweza kupuuza faida kubwa ambayo vita vya Mu’tah vilivyoleta kwa Waislamu, wala hakuweza kupuuza matarajio ya makabila ya Kiarabu ya uhuru, na matumaini yao ya kujiweka huru na ushawishi na utawala wake, wala hakuweza kupuuza muungano wao na Waislamu, alipotambua hayo yote, Kaisari alifahamu hatari inayoongezeka iliyokuwa ikitishia mipaka yake, hasa mipaka ya Ash-Sham iliyopakana na ardhi za Kiarabu. Hivyo alihitimisha kwamba kuvunjwa kwa nguvu ya Waislamu kulikuwa jambo la dharura. Kwa mujibu wa maoni yake, uamuzi huu ulipaswa kutekelezwa kabla Waislamu hawajawa na nguvu kubwa mno kiasi cha kushindwa, na kabla hawajazua mivutano na machafuko katika maeneo ya jirani ya Kiarabu. Ili kukabiliana na mahitaji hayo, Kaisari alikusanya jeshi kubwa la Wabyzantine na makabila ya Ghassaniyya yaliyokuwa upande wa Warumi, ili kuanzisha vita vya maamuzi vya umwagaji damu dhidi ya Waislamu.
The Byzantine power, which was considered the greatest military force on earth at that time, showed an unjustifiable opposition towards Muslims. As we have already mentioned, their opposition started at killing the ambassador of the Messenger of Allâh (peace be upon him), Al-Harith bin ‘Umair Al-Azdi, by Sharhabeel bin ‘Amr Al-Ghassani. The ambassador was then carrying a message from the Prophet (peace be upon him) to the ruler of Busra. We have also stated that the Prophet consequently dispatched a brigade under the command of Zaid bin Haritha, who had a fierce fight against the Byzantines at Mu’tah. Although Muslim forces could not have revenge on those haughty overproud tyrants, the confrontation itself had a great impression on the Arabs, all over Arabia. Caesar — who could neither ignore the great benefit thMu’tah Battle had brought to Muslims, nor could he disregard the Arab tribes’ expectations of independence, and their hopes of getting free from his influence and reign, nor he could ignore their alliance to the Muslims — realizing all that, Caesar was aware of the progressive danger threatening his borders, especially Ash-Sham-fronts which were neighbouring Arab lands. So he concluded that demolition of the Muslims power had grown an urgent necessity. This decision of his should, in his opinion, be achieved before the Muslims become too powerful to conquer, and raise troubles and unrest in the adjacent Arab territories. To meet these exigencies, Caesar mustered a huge army of the Byzantines and pro-Roman Ghassanide tribes to launch a decisive bloody battle against the Muslims.
Baadhi ya Matukio Muhimu Yaliyotokea Mwaka Huo:
Some Important Events that featured that Year:
Wakati wa mwaka huu zilitokea matukio mengi yenye umuhimu mkubwa. Yalikuwa: 1. Baada ya Mtume ﷺ kurejea kutoka Tabuk, kulitokea tuhuma ya kiapo ya uzinzi kati ya 'Uwaimir Al-'Ajlani na mkewe.
During this year many events of great significance took place. They were: 1. After the Messenger’s return from Tabuk, the sworn allegation of infidelity between ‘Uwaimir Al-‘Ajlani and his wife took place.
2. Kupigwa kwa mawe kwa mwanamke wa Ghamidiyah aliyekiri kufanya zinaa. Alipigwa mawe baada tu ya kumwachisha mtoto wake kunyonya maziwa yake.
2. Pelting with stones the Ghamidiyah woman who confessed committing adultery. She was pelted with stones only after weaning her child off her breast milk.
3. Negus Ashama, mfalme wa Abyssinia (Ethiopia), alipofariki, Mtume ﷺ alimswalia sala ya gaibu kwa ajili yake.
3. Negus Ashama; the king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), died so the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed prayer in absentia for him.
4. Kifo cha Umm Kulthum, binti ya Mtume ﷺ. Mtume ﷺ alihuzunika sana kwa kifo chake. Alisema kwa Uthman: "Lau ningepata binti wa tatu, ningekuozesha yeye."
4. The death of Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the Prophet felt extremely sad at her death. “Had I got a third daughter, I would let you marry her.” He said to ‘Uthman.
5. Kifo cha ‘Abdullah bin Abi Salool, kiongozi wa wanafiki, baada ya Mtume kurejea kutoka Tabuk. Mjumbe wa Allah ﷺ alimwomba Allah msamaha kwa ajili yake. Pia alimswalia, licha ya kutokubaliana kwa ‘Umar na jaribio lake la kumzuia asifanye hivyo. Baadaye ikateremshwa aya ya Qur'an inayothibitisha usahihi wa msimamo wa ‘Umar.
5. The death of ‘Abdullah bin Abi Salool, the head of hypocrites, after the Prophet’s return from Tabuk. The Messenger of Allâh (peace be upon him) asked Allâh’s forgiveness for him. He also prayed for him in spite of ‘Umar’s disapproval and his attempt to prevent him from doing that. Later on a Qur’ânic verse was revealed attesting to ‘Umar’s right viewpoint.