Kuhusu nasaba ya Nabii Muhammad ﷺ, kuna matoleo matatu: Toleo la kwanza limethibitishwa na wanahistoria wa wasifu na wataalamu wa nasaba, na linaeleza kwamba nasaba ya Muhammad ﷺ imefuatiliwa hadi 'Adnan. Toleo la pili lina mabishano na shaka, na linafuatilia nasaba yake zaidi ya 'Adnan hadi Ibrahim. Toleo la tatu, ambalo baadhi ya sehemu zake si sahihi kabisa, linafuatilia nasaba yake zaidi ya Ibrahim hadi Adam.

With respect to the lineage of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), there are three versions: The first was authenticated by biographers and genealogists and states that Muhammad’s genealogy has been traced to ‘Adnan. The second is subject to controversies and doubt, and traces his lineage beyond ‘Adnan back to Abraham. The third version, with some parts definitely incorrect, traces his lineage beyond Abraham back to Adam (Peace be upon him).

Baada ya mapitio haya ya haraka, sasa inaaminika kuwa maelezo ya kina zaidi yanahitajika.

After this rapid review, now ample details are believed to be necessary.

Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib (aliyeitwa Shaiba) bin Hashim, (aliyeitwa ‘Amr) bin ‘Abd Munaf (aliyeitwa Al-Mugheera) bin Qusai (aliyeitwa pia Zaid) bin Kilab bin Murra bin Ka‘b bin Lo’i bin Ghalib bin Fahr (aliyeitwa Quraish na kabila lake likaitwa kwa jina lake) bin Malik bin An-Nadr (aliyeitwa Qais) bin Kinana bin Khuzaiman bin Mudrikah (aliyeitwa ‘Amir) bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma‘ad bin ‘Adnan.

The first part: Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Abdul-Muttalib (who was called Shaiba) bin Hashim, (named ‘Amr) bin ‘Abd Munaf (called Al-Mugheera) bin Qusai (also called Zaid) bin Kilab bin Murra bin Ka‘b bin Lo’i bin Ghalib bin Fahr (who was called Quraish and whose tribe was called after him) bin Malik bin An-Nadr (so called Qais) bin Kinana bin Khuzaiman bin Mudrikah (who was called ‘Amir) bin Elias bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma‘ad bin ‘Adnan.

Sehemu ya pili: ‘Adnan bin Add bin Humaisi‘ bin Salaman bin Aws bin Buz bin Qamwal bin Obai bin ‘Awwam bin Nashid bin Haza bin Bildas bin Yadlaf bin Tabikh bin Jahim bin Nahish bin Makhi bin Aid bin ‘Abqar bin ‘Ubaid bin Ad-Da‘a bin Hamdan bin Sanbir bin Yathrabi bin Yahzin bin Yalhan bin Ar‘awi bin Aid bin Deshan bin Aisar bin Afnad bin Aiham bin Muksar bin Nahith bin Zarih bin Sami bin Mazzi bin ‘Awda bin Aram bin Qaidar bin Ishmael mwana wa Ibrahim (amani iwe juu yao).

The second part: ‘Adnan bin Add bin Humaisi‘ bin Salaman bin Aws bin Buz bin Qamwal bin Obai bin ‘Awwam bin Nashid bin Haza bin Bildas bin Yadlaf bin Tabikh bin Jahim bin Nahish bin Makhi bin Aid bin ‘Abqar bin ‘Ubaid bin Ad-Da‘a bin Hamdan bin Sanbir bin Yathrabi bin Yahzin bin Yalhan bin Ar‘awi bin Aid bin Deshan bin Aisar bin Afnad bin Aiham bin Muksar bin Nahith bin Zarih bin Sami bin Mazzi bin ‘Awda bin Aram bin Qaidar bin Ishmael son of Abraham (Peace be upon them).

Sehemu ya tatu: zaidi ya Ibrahim, Ibn Tarih (Azar) bin Nahur bin Saru‘ bin Ra‘u bin Falikh bin Abir bin Shalikh bin Arfakhshad bin Sam bin Nuhu ﷺ, bin Lamik bin Mutwashlack bin Akhnukh [ambaye alisemekana kuwa ni Nabii Idris (Enoko) ﷺ, bin Yarid bin Mahla’il bin Qabin Anusha bin Shith bin Adam ﷺ]

The third part: beyond Abraham (Peace be upon him) , Ibn Tarih (Azar) bin Nahur bin Saru‘ bin Ra‘u bin Falikh bin Abir bin Shalikh bin Arfakhshad bin Sam bin Noah (Peace be upon him) , bin Lamik bin Mutwashlack bin Akhnukh [who was said to be Prophet Idris (Enoch) (Peace be upon him) bin Yarid bin Mahla’il bin Qabin Anusha bin Shith bin Adam (Peace be upon him)

Familia ya Nabii Muhammad ﷺ inaitwa familia ya Bani Hashim, kwa jina la babu yake Hashim bin ‘Abd Munaf. Sasa tuzungumze kidogo kuhusu Hashim na wazao wake.

The family of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) is called the Hashimite family after his grandfather Hashim bin ‘Abd Munaf. Let us now speak a little about Hashim and his descendants:

1. Hashim: Kama tulivyotaja hapo awali, alikuwa ndiye aliyewajibika kuwapa chakula na maji mahujaji. Hii ndiyo ilikuwa jukumu lake wakati wana wa ‘Abd Munaf na wale wa ‘Abd Ad-Dar walipokubaliana kugawana majukumu kati yao. Hashim alikuwa tajiri na mwaminifu. Alikuwa wa kwanza kuwapa mahujaji mkate uliolowekwa kwenye mchuzi. Jina lake la kwanza lilikuwa ‘Amr, lakini aliitwa Hashim kwa sababu alikuwa na desturi ya kubomoa mkate (kwa ajili ya mahujaji). Pia alikuwa mtu wa kwanza kuanzisha safari mbili za Quraish, ya kiangazi na ya kipupwe. Imepokewa kwamba alisafiri kwenda Shamu kama mfanyabiashara. Alipokuwa Madina, alimwoa Salma, binti ya ‘Amr kutoka Bani ‘Adi bin An-Najjar. Alikaa naye Madina kwa muda, kisha akaondoka tena kwenda Shamu alipokuwa na mimba. Alifariki huko Ghazza, Palestina, mwaka 497 B.K. Baadaye, mkewe alijifungua ‘Abdul-Muttalib na kumwita Shaiba kwa sababu ya nywele nyeupe kichwani, akamlea katika nyumba ya baba yake Madina. Hakuna mtu wa familia yake huko Makka aliyejua kuhusu kuzaliwa kwake. Hashim alikuwa na wana wanne: Asad, Abu Saifi, Nadla na ‘Abdul-Muttalib, na mabinti watano: Ash-Shifa, Khalida, Da‘ifa, Ruqyah na Jannah.

1. Hashim: As we have previously mentioned, he was the one responsible for giving food and water to the pilgrims. This had been his charge when the sons of ‘Abd Munaf and those of ‘Abd Ad-Dar compromised on dividing the charges between them. Hashim was wealthy and honest. He was the first to offer the pilgrims sopped bread in broth. His first name was ‘Amr but he was called Hashim because he had been in the practice of crumbling bread (for the pilgrims). He was also the first man who started Quraish’s two journeys of summer and winter. It was reported that he went to Syria as a merchant. In Madinah, he married Salma — the daughter of ‘Amr from Bani ‘Adi bin An-Najjar. He spent some time with her in Madinah then he left for Syria again while she was pregnant. He died in Ghazza in Palestine in 497 A.D. Later, his wife gave birth to ‘Abdul-Muttalib and named him Shaiba for the white hair in his head , and brought him up in her father’s house in Madinah. None of his family in Makkah learned of his birth. Hashim had four sons; Asad, Abu Saifi, Nadla and ‘Abdul-Muttalib, and five daughters Ash-Shifa, Khalida, Da‘ifa, Ruqyah and Jannah.

2. ‘Abdul-Muttalib: Tumeshajua tayari kwamba baada ya kifo cha Hashim, wajibu wa kuwapa mahujaji chakula na maji ulihamia kwa nduguye Al-Muttalib bin ‘Abd Munaf (ambaye alikuwa mwaminifu, mkarimu na mwenye kutegemeka). Alipofikia umri wa kuwa kijana, ‘Abdul-Muttalib, mjomba wake Al-Muttalib alipopata habari zake, alienda Madinah kumchukua. Alipomwona, machozi yalijaa machoni mwake na kutiririka mashavuni, akamkumbatia na kumpanda naye ngamia wake. Hata hivyo, kijana huyo alikataa kwenda naye Makkah mpaka alipopata ridhaa ya mama yake. Al-Muttalib alimwomba amruhusu mwanawe aende naye Makkah, lakini alikataa. Hatimaye alifanikiwa kumshawishi kwa kusema: “Mwanao anakwenda Makkah kurejesha mamlaka ya baba yake, na kuishi karibu na Nyumba Takatifu.” Huko Makkah, watu walishangaa kumwona ‘Abdul-Muttalib, nao wakamdhania kuwa mtumwa wa Muttalib. Al-Muttalib akasema: “Huyu ni mpwa wangu, mwana wa nduguye Hashim.” Kijana huyo alilelewa katika nyumba ya Al-Muttalib, lakini baadaye Al-Muttalib alifariki huko Bardman nchini Yemen, hivyo ‘Abdul-Muttalib akachukua nafasi yake na kufanikiwa kudumisha heshima ya watu wake na kuwapita babu zake kwa tabia yake ya kuheshimika, jambo lililomletea mapenzi makubwa na heshima ya juu kutoka kwa watu wa Makkah.

Wakati Al-Muttalib alipofariki, Nawfal alimnyang'anya ‘Abdul-Muttalib malezi ya watoto wake, kwa hiyo ‘Abdul-Muttalib aliomba msaada kutoka kwa Quraish lakini wao walijizuia kuwapa msaada wowote kwa yeyote kati yao. Kwa sababu hiyo, aliwaandikia wajomba zake wa Bani An-Najjar (ndugu wa mama yake) waje kumsaidia. Mjomba wake, Abu Sa‘d bin ‘Adi (ndugu wa mama yake), aliingia Makkah akiongoza wapanda farasi themanini na akapiga kambi huko Abtah ndani ya Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib aliwapokea watu hao na kuwaalika waende nyumbani kwake, lakini Abu Sa‘d alisema: “Sitaenda kabla sijakutana na Nawfal.” Alimkuta Nawfal akiwa ameketi pamoja na wazee fulani wa Quraish kivulini karibu na Al-Ka‘bah. Abu Sa‘d alichomoa upanga wake na kusema: “Naapa kwa Allah kwamba usipomrudishia mpwa wangu kile ulichokichukua, nitakuua kwa upanga huu.” Nawfal basi alilazimika kuachia kile alichokinyang'anya, na wakuu wa Quraish wakalazimishwa kushuhudia maneno yake. Kisha Abu Sa‘d alikwenda nyumbani kwa ‘Abdul-Muttalib, ambako alikaa kwa usiku tatu, akafanya ‘Umra, kisha akarudi Madinah. Baadaye, Nawfal aliingia katika muungano na Bani ‘Abd Shams bin ‘Abd Munaf dhidi ya Bani Hashim. Kabila la Khuza‘a lilipoona msaada wa Bani An-Najjar kwa ‘Abdul-Muttalib, walisema: “Yeye ni mwana wetu kama alivyo wenu. Sisi tuna sababu zaidi ya kumsaidia kuliko nyinyi.” Mama yake ‘Abd Munaf alikuwa mmoja wao. Wakaingia katika Nyumba ya An-Nadwa na kuingia katika muungano na Bani Hashim dhidi ya Bani ‘Abd Shams na Nawfal. Huo ulikuwa muungano ambao baadaye ungekuja kuwa sababu kuu ya ushindi wa Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib alishuhudia matukio mawili muhimu maishani mwake, yaani kuchimba kisima cha Zamzam na tukio la Tembo.

3. When Al-Muttalib died, Nawfal usurped ‘Abdul-Muttalib of his charges, so the latter asked for help from Quraish but they abstained from extending any sort of support to either of them. Consequently, he wrote to his uncles of Bani An-Najjar (his mother’s brothers) to come to his aid. His uncle, Abu Sa‘d bin ‘Adi (his mother’s brother) marched to Makkah at the head of eighty horsemen and camped in Abtah in Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib received the men and invited them to go to his house but Abu Sa‘d said: “Not before I meet Nawfal.” He found Nawfal sitting with some old men of Quraish in the shade of Al-Ka‘bah. Abu Sa‘d drew his sword and said: “I swear by Allâh that if you don’t restore to my nephew what you have taken, I will kill you with this sword.” Nawfal was thus forced to give up what he had usurped, and the notables of Quraish were made to witness to his words. Abu Sa‘d then went to ‘Abdul-Muttalib’s house where he stayed for three nights, made ‘Umra and left back for Madinah. Later on, Nawfal entered into alliance with Bani ‘Abd Shams bin ‘Abd Munaf against Bani Hashim. When Khuza‘a, a tribe, saw Bani An-Najjar’s support to ‘Abdul-Muttalib they said: “He is our son as he is yours. We have more reasons to support him than you.” ‘Abd Munaf’s mother was one of them. They went into An-Nadwa House and entered into alliance with Bani Hashim against Bani ‘Abd Shams and Nawfal. It was an alliance that was later to constitute the main reason for the conquest of Makkah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib witnessed two important events in his lifetime, namely digging Zamzam well and the Elephant raid.

4. ‘Abdullah: Baba yake Nabii Muhammad ﷺ. Mama yake alikuwa Fatimah, binti ‘Amr bin ‘A’idh bin ‘Imran bin Makhzum bin Yaqdha bin Murra. ‘Abdullah alikuwa mwerevu zaidi kati ya watoto wa ‘Abdul-Muttalib, mwenye usafi zaidi, na aliyependwa zaidi. Pia alikuwa mtoto ambaye mishale ya ubashiri ilimwelekea kuwa ndiye wa kuchinjwa kama sadaka kwa Al-Ka‘bah. ‘Abdul-Muttalib alipokuwa na wana kumi, na walipofikia umri wa kubaleghe, alimfunulia siri nadhiri yake, nao wakakubali kimya kimya na kwa utii. Majina yao yaliandikwa kwenye mishale ya ubashiri na kukabidhiwa kwa mlinzi wa mungu wao wanayempenda zaidi, Hubal. Mishale ilichanganywa kisha ikatolewa. Mshale ulionyesha kuwa ni ‘Abdullah atakayechinjwa. Kisha ‘Abdul-Muttalib alimchukua kijana huyo hadi Al-Ka‘bah akiwa na wembe ili amchinje. Lakini Quraish, wajomba zake kutoka kabila la Makhzum, na kaka yake Abu Talib, walijaribu kumzuia asitimize lengo lake. Kisha alitafuta ushauri wao kuhusu nadhiri yake. Walimshauri amwite mwanamke mpiga ramli ili aamue la kufanya. Yeye aliamuru mishale ya ubashiri itolewe kuhusu ‘Abdullah pamoja na ngamia kumi. Aliongeza kwamba zoezi la kupiga kura lirudiwe kwa ngamia kumi zaidi kila mara mshale ulipomwonyesha ‘Abdullah. Zoezi hilo lilirudiwa hivyo hadi idadi ya ngamia ilipofikia mia moja. Wakati huo mshale ulionyesha ngamia, kwa hiyo wote walichinjwa (kwa kuridhisha Hubal) badala ya mwanawe. Ngamia waliochinjwa waliachwa kwa yeyote kula kutoka kwao, binadamu au mnyama.

4. ‘Abdullah: The father of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him). His mother was Fatimah, daughter of ‘Amr bin ‘A’idh bin ‘Imran bin Makhzum bin Yaqdha bin Murra. ‘Abdullah was the smartest of ‘Abdul-Muttalib’s sons, the chastest and the most loved. He was also the son whom the divination arrows pointed at to be slaughtered as a sacrifice to Al-Ka‘bah. When ‘Abdul-Muttalib had ten sons and they reached maturity, he divulged to them his secret vow in which they silently and obediently acquiesced. Their names were written on divination arrows and given to the guardian of their most beloved goddess, Hubal. The arrows were shuffled and drawn. An arrow showed that it was ‘Abdullah to be sacrificed. ‘Abdul-Muttalib then took the boy to Al-Ka‘bah with a razor to slaughter the boy. Quraish, his uncles from Makhzum tribe and his brother Abu Talib, however, tried to dissuade him from consummating his purpose. He then sought their advice as regards his vow. They suggested that he summon a she-diviner to judge whereabout. She ordered that the divination arrows should be drawn with respect to ‘Abdullah as well as ten camels. She added that drawing the lots should be repeated with ten more camels every time the arrow showed ‘Abdullah. The operation was thus repeated until the number of the camels amounted to one hundred. At this point the arrow showed the camels, consequently they were all slaughtered (to the satisfaction of Hubal) instead of his son. The slaughtered camels were left for anyone to eat from, human or animal.