2.2 伊斯兰教对经济的看法
2.2 The View of Islam towards the Economy
伊斯兰对财富的看法,与对财富利用的看法有所不同。伊斯兰把产生利益的手段与拥有利益这一主题视为不同的问题。因此,财产与人的劳动是构成财富的要素,是产生利益的手段。在伊斯兰看来,它们在生活中的存在以及生产方面的地位,不同于对它们的使用问题,也不同于获得这种利益的方式。伊斯兰直接干预某些财产的利用问题:因此它禁止使用某些物品,如酒和死物食品。同样,它禁止从人的某些行为中获益,如跳舞和卖淫。它还禁止买卖被禁止食用的物品,同时禁止雇佣去从事被禁止的行为。这涉及财产的利用和人的劳动。然而,关于财产和人的劳动的取得方式,伊斯兰制定了大量规范这种所有权的法律,如狩猎法、开垦荒地法,以及租赁、制造、继承、赠与和遗嘱等方面的法律。
The view of Islam towards wealth differs from its view of utilising it. Islam considers the means that produce a benefit a subject different from the subject of possessing the benefit. So property and human effort are the components of wealth, and they are the means which produce benefit. Their position in the view of Islam regarding their existence in life and in regard of their production differs from the question of using them, and from the method of possessing this benefit. Islam interferes directly in the question of utilising some properties. So it prohibits the use of some commodities such as wine and dead foodstuffs. Similarly, it prohibits benefiting from some of man’s actions, such as dancing and prostitution. It also prohibits the trade in commodities that are forbidden to be eaten, whilst prohibiting the hiring actions that are forbidden to be performed. This refers to the utilisation of the property, and man’s effort. However, regarding the method of possessing property and man’s effort, Islam has put numerous laws regulating this ownership, such as laws of hunting and land reclamation, and the laws of leasing, manufacturing, inheritance, donations and wills.