当金本位制在全世界范围内推行时，它并未出现任何问题。然而，当超级大国选择用货币来对抗其敌人，在金本位之外引入不可兑换的（强制性）纸币本位时，问题便出现了。为此，西方殖民强国设立了国际货币基金组织，美国则引入美元作为新货币本位的基础。因此，任何实行金本位的国家都将面临某些需要研究才能加以解决和克服的问题。这些问题如下：

When the gold standard was applied throughout the whole world, it did not experience any problems. However, problems arose when the superpowers opted to fight their enemies using money, by introducing alongside the gold standard the non exchangeable (compulsory) paper money standard. For this reason, Western colonial powers established the International Monetary Fund, and the USA introduced the U.S. dollar as the basis for the new monetary standard. Hence, any State operating the gold standard would be faced by certain problems which need study in order to solve and overcome them. These problems are as follows:

1. 黄金会集中到那些生产水平、对外贸易竞争力以及科学家、专家和工业家专业水平都不断提高的国家。这将导致黄金流入这些国家，either作为商品的价款，或作为劳动力即专家、科学家和工业家的薪酬。因此，全世界现有的大部分黄金储备将聚集在这些国家，造成黄金在各国之间分配的失衡。这还将导致各国因担心失去储备而限制黄金的转移，从而使其对外贸易陷入停滞。

1. The concentration of gold in countries whose level of production, their ability to compete in foreign trade and the professionalism of their scientists, experts and industrialists have all increased. This would lead to the flow of gold into these countries either as a price for commodities or as salaries for the workforce i.e. experts, scientists and industrialists. Therefore, most of the existing reserves of gold world-wide would accumulate in these countries, causing an imbalance in the distribution of gold among various countries. This would also lead to countries restricting the transfer of gold for fear of losing their reserves, thus bringing their foreign trade to a grinding halt.

2. 由于贸易顺差，黄金可能流入某些国家。然而，这些国家可以通过大量发行债券来充斥市场，从而防止这些黄金影响本地市场并导致物价上涨。这一做法可能足以导致货币回收，回收的金额与其所收到的黄金相等，因此这些国家最终保留了黄金，使其无法流回原产国。结果，原产国将因金本位制的实行而蒙受损失。

2. Gold could flow into some countries due to the balance of trade being in their favour. However, these countries could prevent this gold from influencing the local market and from causing an increase in the level of prices by flooding the market with a large number of bonds. This could be sufficient to lead to a withdrawal of money equal to the gold they had received, thus such countries end up retaining the gold and preventing it from returning to the country of origin, which would suffer from the use of the gold standard as a result.

金本位制的广泛采用,一直与各类生产领域的国际分工以及国际自由贸易的理念紧密相连。然而,这些国家中出现了一股强大的趋势,即保护工业和农业,由此引入了关税壁垒,对出口到这些国家的商品设置了障碍,也使黄金难以流出这些国家。因此,实行金本位制国家的贸易将受到损害:如果其商品不能以正常价格进入其他国家的市场,它要么被迫进一步降低商品价格以克服关税和配额的限制,要么一开始就不出口商品。无论哪种情况,其贸易都将受到损害。

3. The widespread use of the gold standard has always been linked to the concept of international specialisation in various areas of production and to international free trade. However, a powerful tendency toward the protection of industry and agriculture in these countries has emerged, which has led to the introduction of tariff barriers, thus erecting an obstacle in the face of goods exported to these countries and making it difficult for the transferring of gold out of these countries. Therefore, the trade of the country that operates the gold standard would suffer, for if her goods did not reach other countries’ markets at the normal price, she would either be forced to reduce the level of her commodities’ prices further in order to overcome the tariffs and quotas or not export her goods in the first instance, and in both cases, her trade would suffer.

这些是黄金本位在由单一国家或数个国家实行时可能面临的主要困难。克服这些困难的办法是采取自给自足的政策，使工人的工资与其绩效挂钩，而不是按照他们所生产或制造的商品价格或其生活水平来估算。此外，个人所拥有的股票和政府债券不应被视为商品而加以考虑，也不应过度依赖出口来发展财富。一个国家应当致力于在本国境内创造财富，而无需将商品和服务输出到国外，这将有助于她摆脱其他国家设置的贸易壁垒。一旦一个国家采取这样的政策，她就无需畏惧黄金本位，反而能够获得它的全部益处，避免它的所有弊端，也不会因此遭受任何挫折。相反，这将符合她的利益。因此，她必然要遵循金银本位，而排斥所有其他本位。

These are the main difficulties which the gold standard could face if operated by a single country or several countries. The way to overcome such difficulties would be to adopt a policy of self-sufficiency and to make workers’ salaries performance-related rather than estimated in relation to the price of the commodities they produce or manufacture, or their standard of living. Also no consideration should be paid to shares and government bonds as commodities owned by individuals, and there should be no over-reliance on exports as a source of developing wealth. A country should rather aim at generating her wealth within her own boundaries without having to export her goods and services abroad, which would help her do away with trade barriers imposed by other countries. Once a country adopts such a policy, she would have nothing to fear from the gold standard, and instead would reap all its benefits, avoid all its disadvantages and not suffer any setback from it at all. On the contrary, it would be in her interest. So it is inevitable for her to follow the gold and silver standard to the exclusion of all other standards.