21.1 伯图·马尔(Bait ul-Mal)的收入
21.1 Revenues of Bait ul-Mal
伯特·乌尔-马尔(国库)的永久性收入包括:战利品(Fai')、战利品(Ghana'im)、土地税(Kharaj)、人头税(Jizya)、各类公共财产的收入、国有财产的收入、什一税(Ushr)、埋藏宝藏的五分之一(Rikaz)、矿产,以及天课财产。但天课财产保存在国库中的一个专门地方,除《古兰经》所提到的八类对象外,不得动用,无论是国家事务还是乌玛事务,都不得将其用于八类之外的用途。不过,哈里发可以根据自己的见解和伊杰提哈德,将其用于他认为合适的八类对象之中,他有权将其全部或部分分给其中一类或多类对象。公共财产的收入同样保存在国库中的一个专门地方,不与其他财产混合,因为它们为全体穆斯林所共有。哈里发依据伊斯兰教法的规定,根据自己的见解和伊杰提哈德,为穆斯林的利益而动用这些收入。
The permanent revenues of the Bait ul-Mal are: Booties (Fai’), Spoils (Ghana’im), Land Tax (Kharaj), Head Tax (Jizya), the different types of public property revenues, the revenues of the State properties, the tithes (Ushr), the fifth of the hidden treasure (Rikaz), the minerals, and the properties of Zakat. But the Zakat properties are kept in a special place in the Bait ul-Mal, and they are not spent except for the eight categories mentioned in the Qur’an, and nothing of them should be spent for other than the eight categories, whether the State affairs or the Ummah’s affairs. But the Khalifah is allowed to spend them, according to his opinion and Ijtihad, for whom He sees fit of the eight categories. He has the right to give them to one or more of these categories, or to all of them. The revenues of the public properties are also kept in a special place (hold) in the Bait ul-Mal, and are not mixed with others, because they are owned by all the Muslims, from whence the Khalifah spends them, within the Shari’ah rules, in the interest of the Muslims according to his opinion and Ijtihad.