自给自足政策是指一个国家致力于实现自给自足，形成一个能够独立生存的封闭经济单位。该国将不进口也不出口任何商品。在这种情况下，其目标超越了保护主义理论，不同于国民经济理论，并与自由贸易理论相矛盾。

The policy of self-sufficiency means that a country aims towards being self-sufficient and to form a closed economic unit that could survive on its own. This country would not import nor export any commodities. Her aim would, in this instance, go beyond the protectionist theory, differ from the theory of national economy and contradict the free trade theory.

两次世界大战之间实行的自给自足理论主要体现为两种形式：孤立主义的自给自足和扩张主义的自给自足。纳粹德国便是推行自给自足政策的典型国家；对德国而言，这一措施是由其国内与对外政策所引发的，而这些政策已不再符合国际贸易的规则。

The theory of self-sufficiency which has been implemented between the last two world wars has been highlighted in two forms: Isolationist self-sufficiency and expansionist self-sufficiency. Nazi Germany represented a model of a country which adopted a self-sufficiency policy; it was, for her, a measure triggered by Germany’s home and foreign policies, which no longer fitted with the rules of international trade.

尽管自给自足政策实际上包含了一系列具有政治目的的措施,但该政策的倡导者认为,它代表着一个根本的经济基础,其核心可以概括为:一个拥有原材料、化学品、机器和人力的国家,应当能够生存下去。关键在于组织,至于资本则是次要的。政府为自己选定一套政治纲领,并使经济和金融管理服从于这一纲领。要使自给自足政策达到其目标,即让本地经济能够自给自足,政府就应当准备好在许多需求上勉力维持,因为自给自足政策会使一个国家无法满足其全部需求。该政策的重点在于,完全依靠本地经济来满足个人、民族和国家的基本需求,并使其走上上升的轨道。因此,在对外贸易中实行自给自足政策的国家,将不得不吞并那些它为获取原材料、市场、人力和专家等所需要的国家。这种吞并或者采取直接合并的形式,或者采取商约的形式。至于消除经济边界,这就意味着吞并该国,即取消政治边界,因为若不取消政治边界,经济边界便不可能被取消。如果国家无法吞并那些为获取所缺物资而需要的国家,那么它就应当在一些需求得不到满足的情况下坚持下去,同时力求避免基本生活必需品的短缺,因为在这种情况下它将无法坚持;而缺少非基本需求,则是可以承受的。

Although the policy of self-sufficiency represented in fact a host of measures which had political aims, the champions of such policy deem that it represents a fundamental economic basis, which is summarised in the fact that a country who possesses raw materials, chemicals, machines and manpower, should be able to survive. The point at hand would be organisation. As for capital, this is secondary. It is the government which chooses for itself a political program, to which they submit the economic and financial management. In order for the policy of self-sufficiency to achieve its aim, which would be to render the local economy able to be self-sufficient, the government should be prepared to manage without many of it’s needs; because the policy of self-sufficiency would make a country unable to fulfil all her needs. What is important for this policy is to be able to fulfil the basic needs of the individual, the nation and the State while relying exclusively on the local economy, in a manner that would set her in an upward trend. Therefore, the State which operates a policy of self-sufficiency in foreign trade would be obliged to annexe the countries she would need in order to acquire raw materials, markets, manpower, and experts etc. This annexation would either take the form of a direct merger, or that of commercial treaties. As for the abolition of economic frontiers, this would mean annexing the country i.e. abolishing the political borders, for it would be impossible to abolish economic borders without the abolishment of the political borders. If the State could not annexe the countries that she needs in order to acquire the materials she lacks, she should in this case persevere without fulfilling some of her needs, while aiming to avoid a shortage of basic necessities, for in such a case she would not be able to persevere, whereas lacking non basic necessities could be afforded.

这是对自给自足的孤立主义政策与扩张主义政策的一个概括。孤立主义政策是指基本需求得到满足即可；而扩张主义政策则是在特定范围内，通过兼并或条约来获得一切必需品，无论是基本必需品还是奢侈品。 若仔细审视自给自足政策，便会发现它并不能上升为一种商业或经济解决方案。它仅仅是国家在面临外国经济或商业封锁时可能采取的一种临时性预防措施。因此，它不是处理对外关系的良方，而是一个国家在遭受外国经济或商业禁运时可能采取的应对性措施。所以，它属于方式与手段的范畴，而非规则的范畴。因此，询问该政策的伊斯兰教法裁决是错误的；说它与伊斯兰相抵触或有所不同，同样是错误的，因为它仅仅是一种可能被采用的方式。 因此，只有当它具有现实可行性时，即一个国家在遭受封锁的情况下，能够仅依靠国内经济来满足基本需求，这一政策才可以被视为一种方式而加以采用。如果它缺乏现实基础，即国家、乌玛和个人的基本需求根本无法通过自身实现自给，那么这一政策便不会被采纳。

This is a summary of the isolationist and expansionist self-sufficiency policies. The isolationist is where the basic needs are available; whereas the expansionist policy, within a specific scope, is achieved by annexation or treaties in order to provide all the necessities, be they basic or luxuries. If one were to look closer at the policy of self-sufficiency, one would realise that it does not rise to the level of being a commercial or economic solution. It is merely a temporary preventive measure which the State would undertake against a potential foreign economic or commercial siege. Therefore, it is not a remedy for foreign relations, but a reactive measure that a country may undertake if she were subjected to a foreign economic or commercial embargo. Therefore it would form part of the styles and means and not the rules. It would therefore be wrong to ask what the Shari’ah rule is concerning this policy. It would also be wrong to say that it contradicts or differs from Islam, for it is merely a style that might be adopted. Therefore, this policy could be taken as a style if it were to have a practical reality i.e. if a country were under siege and it were possible to rely solely on the home economy to meet it’s basic needs. This policy would not be adopted if it had no reality and it was impossible to be self-inefficient regarding the basic needs of the State, the Ummah and the individuals.

这一政策属于哈里发所负责的事务管理范畴，沙里亚允许他根据自身判断，以他认为合适且符合穆斯林利益的方式加以选择。

This policy is part of the management of affairs undertaken by the Khalifah and which Shar’a has allowed Him to opt for, in whichever style He deems appropriate and in the interest of the Muslims.