0.-introduction--palestine-as-a-name-commonly-used-throughout-ancient-history

0.1-palestine-as-an-official-administrative-entity

0.2-from-palestine-focused-biblical-orientalism-to-the-new-histories-of-israel

0.3-political-autonomy-independence-and-statehood-in-palestine-over-the-last-three-millennia

0.4-from-the-geo-political-term-palestine-to-the-concept-of-palestine-cartography-place-names-and-social-memory

0.5-locating-palestine-the-methodological-and-intellectual-framework

1.-the-philistines-and-philistia-as-a-distinct-geo-political-entity

1.1-the-philistines-as-indigenous-people-epigraphic-and-archaeological-evidence-for-peleset-and-the-philistines

1.2-the-name--canaan-in-the-late-bronze-period

1.3-the-name-palestine-takes-over-from-the-late-bronze-age-onwards

1.4-the-names-piliste-and-philistia-in-assyrian-sources

1.5-iron-age-philistia-as-a-distinct-polity-the-country-of-the-peleset-from-gaza-to-tantur-1200712-bc

1.6-the-highly-developed-cities-of-philistia

1.7-the--way-of-the-philistines-palestine-as-a-transit-country-and-the-historic-road-of-via-maris

1.8-philisto-arabian-coins-currency-power-and-autonomy-in-philistia-6th4th-centuries-bc

2.-the-conception-of-palestine-in-classical-antiquity-and-during-the-hellenistic-empires

2.1-the-greek-name--in-classical-and-foundational-greco-hellenic-sources

2.2-the-conception-of-palaistin-by-the-founding-father-of-history

2.3-the-name-palestine-in-aristotles-meteorology

2.4-palaestina-on-the-world-map-of-ptolemy-the-use-of-the-term-palaestina-by-greek-geographers-and-historians-during-the-seleucid-and-ptolemaic-empires

3.-from-philistia-to-provincia-syria-palaestina

3.1-the-upgrading-of-palestine-by-hadrian-the-official-designation-of-the-province-of-syria-palaestina-135390-ad

3.2-further-developments-from-syria-palaestina-to-palaestina

3.3-the-1st-century-geography-of-palaestina-by-strabo-pliny-the-elder-and-pomponius-mela

3.4-the-official-designation-of-palaestina-by-classical-jewish-scholars

3.5-the-rise-of-caesarea-palaestina

4.-the--three-in-one-provincia-palaestina

4.1-caesarea-maritima-as-a-mediterranean-capital-of-culture-the-citys-metropolitan-elite

4.2-nicaea-and-historical-ecclesiastical-representations-of-palestine-the-archiepiscopal-see-of-caesarea

4.3-the-emergence-of-independent-palestinian-church-political-versus-religious-capitals-in-palestine

4.4-latin-palestine

4.5-religio-cultural-and-institutional-memories-of-provincia-palaestina-and-modern-palestine

4.6-material-evidence-and-powerful-symbols-of-byzantine-palaestina--the-1884-archaeological-discovery-of-the-madaba-mosaic-map

4.7-the--athens-of-asia-in-palaestina-gaza-as-a-mediterranean-centre-of-classical-literature-and-rhetoric

4.8-popular-religion-and-the-relaxed-setting-of-gaza-the-rose-festival-of-gaza

4.9-monastic-school-of-gaza-and-the-monasteries-of-palaestina-the-desert-fathers-and-mothers-and-their-worldwide-impact

5.-arab-christian-palestine

5.1-arabic-classical-poetry-and-byzantine-palestine-al-nabighah-adh-dhubyani

6.-the-arab-province-of-jund-filastin

6.1-palestinian-syriac-aramaic-palestinian-arabic-and-palestinian-toponyms

6.2-the-continuities-and-transformation-of-the-province-of-jund-filastin

6.3-the-extent-of-the-arab-province-of-jund-filastin-from-marj-ibn-amer-to-the-red-sea

6.4-the-secular-and-sacred-capitals-of-the-province-of-filastin-the-grandeur-of-ilya-bayt-al-maqdis-and-al-ramla-under-the-umayyads

6.5-jund-filastin-as-the-richest-province-of-al-sham-region

6.6-coins-minted-in-filastin----palestine-currency-monetary-autonomy-and-numismatic-evidence-from-arab-islamic-palestine

6.7-reconfiguration-of-palestine-under-the-fatimids-the-province-of-jund-filastin-and-the-military-governor-of-palestine-11-----th-century

7.-between-egypt-and-al-sham

7.1-palestine-on-arab-and-venetian-world-maps-12th15th-centuries-the-maps-of-muhammad-al-idrisi-1154-pietro-vesconte-marino-sanudo-and-fra-mauro-1450

7.2-ayyubid-palestine-and-the-re-establishment-of-islamic-jerusalem-in-post-crusade-palestine-the-decline-of-palestines-coastal-cities-and-rise-of-the-interior-urban-centres

7.3-the-leading-role-of-al-quds-under-the-mamluks-the-capital-of-mamluk-palestine-and-the-city-without-walls-12601517

7.4-the-sea-versus-the-mountain-safad-as-a-new-regional-capital-of-the-galilee

7.5-the-social-memory-of-palestine-during-the-mamluk-and-early-ottoman-periods-filastin-in-local-muslim-social-memory

7.6-the-mosaics-of-historic-palestine-continuities-and-transformation-the-palestinian-glasswork-industry-of-al-khalil-and-the-school-of-mosaics-of-al-quds

8.-palestinian-statehood-in-the-18th-century

8.1-revivalism-and-rediscovery-under-ottoman-rule-the-arab-islamic-jurisprudence-of-palestine-and-indigenous-memories-of-filastin-under-the-ottomans-15171860s

8.2-al-dawlah-al-qutriyyah-palestinian-statehood-and-the-regimes-of-dhaher-al-umar-and-ahmad-pasha-al-jazzar-in-the-18th-century

8.3-history-of-urban-elites-versus-history-from-below-new-leadership-palestines-cotton-trade-with-europe-and-the-industrial-revolution

8.4-houranis-urban-elites-paradigm

8.5-taxation-frontier-provinces-and-the-rise-of-autonomous-power-in-18th-century-palestine

8.6-nominal-sovereignty-versus-practical-sovereignty

8.7-reading-the-history-of-modern-palestine-through-the-eyes-of-the-indigenous-people

9.-being-palestine-becoming-palestine

9.1-new-representations-of-palestine-18051917

9.2-western-travelogues-of-palestine-the-distinction-between-palestine-holy-land-and-syria

9.3-palestine-focused-russian-orientalism-in-the-late-ottoman-period

9.4-strategic-ambitions-and-the-british-peaceful-crusade-science-empire-and-the-mapping-of-palestine-by-the-palestine-exploration-fund-18651877

9.5-the-historic-and-geographic-maps-of-palestine-the-national-geographic

9.6-paradigm-shift-in-late-ottoman-palestine-18721917-historical-continuities-and-administrative-division-of-palestine

9.7-the-reimagining-of-palestinian-territorial-identity-and-proto-nationalism-in-late-ottoman-palestine-khalil-beidas-and-palestinian-cultural-nationalism

9.8-being-palestine-becoming-palestine-in-mahmoud-darwishs-poetry

9.9-vernacularisation-indigeneity-and-modern-representations-of-palestine-in-the-palestinian-arab-press-the-newspaper-falastin-19111967

9.10-the-term-filastin-in-ruhi-al-khalidis-unpublished-manuscript

9.11-historic-continuities-and-colonial-transformation-palestine-as-a-single-official-administrative-and-territorial-entity-under-the-british-1918may-1948

9.12-self-determination-and-the-proliferation-of-palestinian-nationalist-organisations-the-palestinian-national-movement-during-the-mandatory-period

9.13-the-short-lived-newspaper-suriyya-al-janubiyyah-19191920

9.14-from-palestine-to-the-land-of-israel-the-palestine-communist-party-palestinishe-komunistishe-partei

9.15-palestinian-national-institutions-and-organisations-in-the-post-nakba-period-the-revolutionary-politics-of-the-plo

9.16-studia-palaestina-palestine-studies-and-the-proliferation-of-modern-research-societies-and-institutions

10.-settlercolonialism-and-disinheriting-the-palestinians

10.1-hebrewisation-antecedents-to-zionist-toponymy

10.2-from-karm-al-khalili-to-kerem-avraham-1855-james-finns-colony

10.3-disappearing-palestinian-villages-and-place-names-before-1948

10.4-appropriation-of-arabic-place-names-indigenisation-of-the-european-settlers-and-hybridisation-strategies

10.5-appropriation-hybridisation-and-indigenisation-the-appropriation-of-palestine-place-names-by-european-zionist-settlers

10.6-the-pure-zionist-settler-colony-and-a-monolingual-mindset-from-palestinian-arab-masha-and-sajara-to-israeli-kfar-tavor-and-ilaniya

10.7-judaisation-hebraicisation-and-biblicisation-strategies

10.8-zionist-toponymic-methods-and-strategies-in-the-post-nakba-period-key-features-of-the-israeli-place-names-projects

10.9-the-israeli-armys-hebrew-names-committee-of-1949-indigenising-the-european-settlers-and-self-renaming

10.10-hybridity-hebraicising-and-the-myth-of-restoration-eliezer-ben-yehuda-the-committee-of-the-hebrew-language-and-founding-myths-of-modern-hebrew

10.11-hybridisation-and-patterns-of-early-zionist-borrowing-from-and-modelling-on-arabic-and-aramaic

10.12-self-invention-self-indigenisation-and-self-antiquation-personal-name-changing-by-members-of-the-predatory-zionist-ashkenazi-elite-of-israel

10.13-toponyms-from-above-and-state-supervised-projects-the-israeli-governmental-names-committee

10.14-the-legendary-toponymy-of-zionist-settlers-and-the-latin-medieval-crusaders

10.15-the-creation-of-a-usable-past-the-power-knowledge-nexus

10.16-israeli-biblical-archaeology-as-a-secular-religion-judaisation-strategies-and-the-assertion-of-ownership-the-superimposition-of-biblical-talmudic-and-mishnaic-names

10.17-from-palestinian-majdal-asqalan-to-biblical-ashkelon

10.17-the-new-israeli-place-names-and-landscape-fashioning-a-european-landscape-as-a-site-of-amnesia-and-erasure

10.18-from-yerushalayim-to-orshalim-the-transliteration-of-new-hebrew-toponyms-and-road-signs-into-english-and-arabic

10.19-epilogue-the-palestinian-multi-layered-identity-toponymic-memory-and-the-diverse-heritage-of-the-land

bibliography

Khoury, Hatem Bazian, Faiha Abdulhadi, Niels Peter Lemche, Ella Shohat, Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, Maryse Gargour, Ilan Pappe, Issa Jubrael Sarie, Khalil Nakhleh, Adrian Beidas, Oren Ben-Dor, Rashid Khalidi, Ghada Karmi, Khalil Hindi, Iman Saca, and Ahmad Sa’adi. My special thanks go to Professors Thomas Thompson and Haim Bresheeth for their extraordinary generosity and insightful comments and to the two anonymous reviewers for their time and helpful advice. My family and friends have also been an ongoing source of inspiration and encouragement and this book could not have been completed without the support my wife Stephanie and my daughter Maryam; to both I owe enormous gratitude.

Palestine A Four Thousand Year History

Late Bronze Age To 500 BC  THE PHILISTINES AS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE:  EPIGRAPHIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR PELESET AND THE PHILISTINES.  THE NAME ‘CANA’AN’ IN THE LATE BRONZE PERIOD.  THE NAME PALESTINE TAKES OVER FROM THE LATE BRONZE AGE ONWARDS.  THE NAMES PILISTE AND PHILISTIA IN ASSYRIAN SOURCES.  IRON AGE PHILISTIA AS A DISTINCT POLITY:  THE COUNTRY OF THE PELESET FROM GAZA TO TANTUR (1200‒712 BC).  THE HIGHLY DEVELOPED CITIES OF PHILISTIA.  THE ‘WAY OF THE PHILISTINES’: PALESTINE AS A TRANSIT COUNTRY AND THE HISTORIC ROAD OF VIA MARIS.  PHILISTO-ARABIAN COINS: CURRENCY, POWER AND AUTONOMY IN PHILISTIA (6TH–4TH CENTURIES BC)

Palestine A Four Thousand Year History by Nur Masalha

1. The Philistines And Philistia As A Distinct Geo-political Entity