Uingereza Yaunga Mkono Uasi wa Mustafa Kemal
Britain Backs The Rebellion Of Mustafa Kemal
Licha ya haya yote, kama Waingereza wangemwacha Mustafa Kemal baadaye aendelee peke yake na uasi aliouanzisha, asingeweza kupiga hatua hata moja zaidi kuelekea lengo ambalo baadaye alilifikia. Hii ni kwa sababu, hata kama ingewezekana kumpata mtu yeyote nchini Uturuki ambaye angekubali kutenganishwa kwa nchi za Kiislamu zinazozungumza Kiarabu na Dola ya Ottoman, na ambaye angeridhika tu na ardhi za Kituruki, ingekuwa vigumu sana kumpata mtu ambaye angekubali kukomeshwa kwa Khilafah au kukubaliana nalo, isipokuwa Mustafa Kemal na watu wachache ambao idadi yao haikuzidi kiasi cha mikono ya mtu mmoja. Maoni ya jumla yalikuwa kwa ajili ya kuendelea kuwepo kwa Khilafah. Upendo wa Khilafah na uaminifu kwake ulikuwa umekita mizizi mioyoni mwa watu, na kila mara neno la Badshahin Tajuk Yasha lilipotajwa, kamba ya kila Mturuki iligusika, na hisia zake kali zaidi zilichochewa. Kwa hiyo, ingekuwa jambo lisilowezekana kwa wawakilishi wowote wa Ummah kuamua kukomesha Khilafah.
Despite all this, had the British afterwards left Mustafa Kemal to pursue the rebellion he had started by himself, he would not have been able to take one further step towards the objective which he later achieved. This is so because even if it had been possible to find anyone in Turkey who would have agreed to the severance of the Arabic speaking Islamic lands from the Ottoman State and who would have been contented only with the Turkish lands, it would have been extremely difficult to have come across anyone who would have consented to the abolishment of the Khilafah or agreed to it, apart from Mustafa Kemal and some individuals whose number did not exceed a handful. The general consensus was in favour of maintaining the Khilafah. The love of the Khilafah and the loyalty to her were deeply rooted in the hearts of people, and whenever the phrase of Badshahin Tajuk Yasha was mentioned, a chord in every single Turk was touched, and his strongest emotions were evoked. Hence, it would have been inconceivable for any representatives of the Ummah to have decided to abolish the Khilafah.
Hata hivyo, mbinu zilizotumiwa na Waingereza pamoja na msaada wao endelevu kwa Mustafa Kemal na shughuli alizofanya, zilimsaidia Mustafa Kemal kufikia matokeo haya. Wakati wakichochea uasi huu, Uingereza ilikuwa ikijiandaa kwa mbinu ya kimataifa ili kuvuna matunda ya uasi huo.
However, the styles adopted by the British and their continuous support of Mustafa Kemal and the activities he pursued, helped Mustafa Kemal achieve these results. While instigating this rebellion, Britain was preparing for an international manoeuvre in order to reap the fruits of the rebellion.
Kwa hiyo alianzisha kampeni pana ya propaganda kwa ajili yake na kuipa habari zake msisimko mkubwa, kwa lengo la kuwatia hofu washirika kuhusu Uturuki.
So she launched a wide propaganda campaign for it and hyped up its news in an attempt to raise the allies fears about Turkey.
Ripoti zilizotumwa Istanbul na Wazungu pamoja na maafisa zilikusanyika, zikiwa zimejaa maelezo ya machafuko makubwa yaliyoenea Anatolia na hisia za kizalendo zilizokuwa zimezuka.
Reports destined to Istanbul sent by the westerners and the officers accumulated, replete with the description of the major uproar which mushroomed in Anatolia and of the nationalist feeling which had erupted.
Wakati huo huo, telegramu na mashirika ya habari yalianza kuripoti habari za uasi huo kwa namna iliyotiwa chumvi. Wakati huohuo, mkutano wa amani mjini Paris ukiwashirikisha washirika ulitangazwa.
At the same time, the telegrams and the press agencies started to cover the news of the rebellion in an exaggerated manner. Meanwhile, a peace conference in Paris with the participation of the allies was called for.
Uingereza ilichukua fursa hii kuingiza katika ajenda ya kazi ya mkutano habari za machafuko ambayo Mustafa Kemal alikuwa ameyachochea, ili kuwasha chuki mioyoni na kushinikiza kuwekwa kwa masharti makali.
Britain seized this opportunity to squeeze into the working agenda of the conference the news of the disturbances which Mustafa Kemal had instigated, in order to kindle rancour in the hearts and urge the imposition of tough conditions.
Ufaransa, hata hivyo, ilifahamu kwamba vitendo hivyo vilibuniwa na Uingereza; ndiyo maana ilipuuza habari za fujo za Mustafa Kemal, na hata ikaenda mbali zaidi ilipojaribu kuushawishi serikali ya Damad Farid Pasha. Hivyo iliwafanya waamini kwamba haikukasirishwa na uasi huu. Ilipopata habari kwamba alikusudia kwenda Paris mwenyewe kutafuta huruma ya washirika na kuwashawishi, ilikimbilia kuweka meli ya kivita yenye silaha nzito (ironclad) kwa ajili ya ujumbe wa Dola ya Ottoman, ulioongozwa na Waziri Mkuu, ambao ulitaka kuhudhuria mkutano wa amani mjini Paris ili kutoa maoni ya Dola ya Ottoman, kabla ya uamuzi kuhusu hatima yake kufanywa.
France however was aware of the fact that those actions were fabricated by Britain, hence, she dismissed the news of Mustafa Kemals disturbances and even went a step further when she attempted to win over the government of Damad Farid Pasha. Thus she led him to believe that she was not angry about this rebellion, and when she learnt of his intentions to come to Paris personally to seek the allies sympathy and win them over, she rushed and placed an ironclad at the disposal of the Ottoman delegation, headed by the Prime Minister, who wanted to attend the peace conference in Paris to air the views of the Ottoman State, before a decision on her fate was taken.
Hata hivyo, Uingereza ilipinga jambo hili na ikaonyesha wasiwasi kuhusu shauku ya Ufaransa kwa serikali ya Ottoman. Mwanzoni Uingereza ilijaribu kumzuia Damad Farid Pasha asihudhurie, hivyo akajifanya kwamba alikuwa amependa kuambatana na ujumbe huo lakini afya yake dhaifu ilimzuia kufanya hivyo. Hatimaye alisafiri akiwa ndani ya meli ya kivita ya Uingereza.
However, Britain objected to this and expressed concern over the French enthusiasm towards the Ottoman government. At first Britain attempted to prevent Damad Farid Pasha from attending, so he pretended that he had wanted to accompany the delegation but his poor health prevented him from doing so. He eventually travelled aboard a British ironclad.
Mkutano wa Paris uliweka masharti magumu sana, na Uingereza ndiyo iliyopitisha maamuzi hayo na kuyatetea. Lloyd George alitoa hotuba katika Guildhall tarehe 8 Novemba 1919, ambapo alisema: "Masharti ya amani yameidhinishwa kikamilifu na washirika, hasa yale yanayohusu Dola ya Ottoman, na Ulaya yote inakubaliana kwa pamoja kwamba utawala mbaya na uliooza wa Ottoman lazima ufutiliwe mbali kutoka katika ardhi inayokaliwa na Wagiriki, Waarmenia na Waarabu. Bandari zilizo kando ya Bahari Nyeusi na Bahari ya Mediterania lazima zifunguliwe kwa mataifa yote." Hata hivyo, Ufaransa na Italia zilipinga mkataba huo. Pamoja na hayo, shauku ya Uingereza kwa masharti hayo haikuwa kwa lengo la kuyatekeleza, bali ilikuwa kuyatumia kama njia ya kuitisha Dola ya Ottoman na kuwachochea Waturuki dhidi ya Sultani, ili wajiunge na Mustafa Kemal. Ndiyo sababu baadaye ilikuwa ya kwanza kuitisha mkutano mjini London ili kufuta mkataba huo. Mkutano huo ulifanyika kwa vitendo mnamo Februari 1921.
The Paris conference laid down some very tough conditions, and it was Britain who adopted those decisions and championed them. Lloyd George delivered a speech at the Guildhall on 8th November 1919 in which he said : The peace terms have been fully approved by the allies, especially those terms concerning the Ottoman Empire, and the whole of Europe unanimously agrees that the evil and rotten Ottoman rule must be eradicated from the lands inhabited by the Greeks, the Armenians and the Arabs. The seaports situated along the Black Sea and the Mediterranean must be opened for all nations. However, France and Italy were averse to the treaty. Nevertheless, Britains enthusiasm towards those terms were not with the aim of implementing them, but rather to use as a means to threaten the Ottoman State and to incite the Turks against the Sultan so that they sided with Mustafa Kemal. That is why she was later the first to call for a conference in London in order to cancel the treaty. The conference was effectively held in February 1921.