Wakati huo, Anwar, aliyekuwa akitawala dola, alijaribu kuwakusanya wanajeshi waliosalia ambao walikuwa wameshinda katika vita vingi walivyopigana, na kuwapa amri wanajeshi hao warudi mara moja mjini kuwakabili adui. Lakini watu waliomzunguka walidhani kwamba wakati ulikuwa umeshapita. Hata wale waliomuunga mkono hapo awali walikataa kwenda pamoja naye na kufuata sera yake. Hivyo, alilazimika kujisalimisha na kuomba usitishaji wa mapigano. Basi Washirika walikubali, naye akatia saini mkataba wa usitishaji vita. Kilichobaki ni majadiliano ya masharti ya usitishaji huo. Dola ya Ottoman ilisalimu amri, nao Washirika wakaikalia.

During that time Anwar, who dominated the state, was attempting to rally the remaining troops which had emerged victorious from the many battles they had fought, and to give orders to these troops to return to the capital immediately to face the enemy. But people around him thought that the hour had already passed. Even those who had supported him in the past refused to go along with him and follow his policy. Hence, he was forced to surrender and call for a truce. Thus the Allies accepted and he signed the truce treaty. All that was left was for the negotiations over the terms of the truce. The Ottoman State capitulated and the Allies occupied her.

Hata hivyo, kusalimu kwa Dola hii na kukaliwa kwake na Washirika hakukumaanisha kujisalimisha kwa Washirika kulikomaanisha kwamba Dola hiyo imekuwa koloni lao au mali yao. Wala haikumaanisha kwamba ukaliaji wao ulikuwa wa kudumu, kwa kuwa hii ilikuwa vita baina ya dola mbili, moja ikishinda nyingine; hivyo mshindi ndiye angeamuru masharti ya amani juu ya aliyeshindwa, na dola iliyoshindwa ingebaki kuwa dola kama taasisi yenye mamlaka ya ndani na ya nje. Hii ni upande mmoja. Upande mwingine, kujisalimisha huku hakukuwa kujisalimisha kwa dola ya Uturuki, bali kujisalimisha kwa Khalifa wa Waislamu, au kwa mujibu wa masharti yao wenyewe, kujisalimisha kwa Dola ya Ottoman. Kwa hiyo dola iliyoshindwa ilikuwa Khilafah, si dola ya Uturuki. Kwa hiyo, hatua za kimataifa zilizochukuliwa na Washirika, kwa nafasi yao kama washindi, na na Dola ya Ottoman, kwa nafasi yake kama aliyeshindwa, zilikuwa hatua zinazohusu Dola ya Ottoman kwa usahihi, yaani zinazohusu kila mtu aliyeishi chini ya bendera ya Khilafah, au aliyeapa utiifu kwake.

However, the surrender and this occupation of the State by the Allies did not mean a surrender to the Allies which entailed that the State had become a colony of theirs or one of their properties. Nor did it mean that their occupation was permanent, for this was a war between two states, one would vanquish the other, thus the victor would dictate the terms of peace upon the loser, and the defeated state would remain a state as an entity with domestic and foreign sovereignty. This is on the one hand, while on the other hand the surrender was not a surrender by the state of Turkey, but a surrender by the Khaleefah of the Muslims, or according to their own terms a surrender by the Ottoman Empire. Hence the defeated state was the Khilafah, and not the state of Turkey. Therefore, the international measures by the Allies, in their capacity as victors, and by the Ottoman State, in her capacity as the loser, were duly measures related to the Ottoman State, in other words related to everyone who lived under the banner of the Khilafah, or pledged their allegiance to her.

Lakini kwa kuwa lengo la Waingereza lilikuwa kuligawanya Dola ya Othmania katika hadhi yake kama Dola ya Kiislamu na kuondoa Khilafah, walifuata njia iliyowafikisha kwenye lengo hilo, na katika mwenendo wao na Dola ya Othmania iliyoshindwa walichukua mkondo tofauti na ule waliouchukua kwa Ujerumani iliyoshindwa, ingawa mataifa hayo mawili yalipigana pamoja. Kwa kweli ushindi wa Washirika dhidi ya Dola ya Othmania ulifanana na ushindi wao dhidi ya Ujerumani; kwa hiyo mataifa hayo mawili yalipaswa kutendewa sawa. Hata hivyo, Waingereza waliitendea Ujerumani kama dola iliyoshindwa kulingana na sheria za kimataifa na yale yaliyoyaweka kuhusu vita kumalizika baina ya mataifa mawili, moja likiwa mshindi na jingine mshindwa. Kwa upande wa Dola ya Othmania, alitendewa kwa namna tofauti.

However, since the British aim was to dismember the Ottoman State in her quality as an Islamic State and to abolish the Khilafah, they trod the path that led to this and they proceeded in their dealings with the vanquished Ottoman State in a manner different to that proceeded with the vanquished Germany, despite the fact that the two states had fought alongside each other. Indeed the Allied victory over the Ottoman State was similar to their victory over Germany; thus the two states should have been treated equally. However, the British treated Germany as a vanquished state according to international law and what it stipulated in the event of a war coming to an end between two states, with one emerging as the victor and the other the loser. As for the Ottoman State, she was treated differently.

Mara tu vita vilipomalizika, Dola hiyo iligawanywa vipande vipande, na sehemu kubwa yake ilikaliwa na Waingereza, ambao waliigawa kulingana na mpango uliobuniwa wakati wa vita. Pia walianza kuwakwepa washirika wao ili wapate sehemu kubwa zaidi ya ardhi ya Dola ya Kiothmani iliyoshindwa. Kisha wakaelekeza juhudi zao kwenye kitovu cha Khilafah ili kupitisha mbinu zinazofaa zaidi kuhakikisha kuvunjwa kwake.

For as soon as the war ended she was dismembered into pieces, most of which the British occupied and divided into parts according to the plan that had been devised during the war. They also started to avoid their Allies in order to gain the lion’s share in the lands of the vanquished Ottoman State. Then they concentrated their efforts on the Khilafah’s centre in order to adopt the most appropriate styles to ensure its abolition.

Kuhusu mchakato wa kugawanywa, mbegu za mielekeo ya kitaifa na uzalendo wa kupindukia zilizopandwa awali na Waingereza zilikuwa zimeshazaa matunda kufikia wakati huo. Hivyo ulikuwa wakati muafaka kwao kuzitumia kama msingi wa mchakato wa kugawanya, na kwa kweli walianza kufanya hivyo.

As for the process of dismemberment, the seeds of nationalist tendencies and patriotic chauvinism implanted earlier by the British had by then come to fruition. Thus it was the right time for them to use them as a basis for the process of dismemberment, and they effectively began to do so.

Kwa hiyo, waligeuza ardhi zilizokaliwa na Waislamu wanaozungumza Kituruki kuwa chombo kimoja, na wakaanza kutumia utawala wao wa moja kwa moja na ushawishi mkubwa kuchochea mielekeo ya utaifa wa Kituruki. Walijaribu kuibua wazo la uhuru wa Uturuki, yaani kujitenga kwake na Dola nyingine ya Kiislamu, au kwa mujibu wao, Dola ya Othmani, huku wakilifafanua neno uhuru kwa maana ya kuondoa uvamizi wa Washirika. Hii ilikuwa licha ya ukweli kwamba uhalisia wa kivitendo waliokuwa wakiwasukuma watu kuelekea ni uhuru kutoka sehemu nyingine zote za Dola, yaani kujitenga kabisa. Pia waligawanya ardhi zilizokaliwa na Waislamu wanaozungumza Kiarabu vipande kadhaa.

Accordingly, they turned the lands inhabited by Turkish speaking Muslims into one single entity and started to use their direct rule and overwhelming influence to flare up Turkish nationalist tendencies. They tried to evoke the idea of Turkey’s independence, meaning her separation from the rest of the Islamic State, or according to them the Ottoman Empire, while defining the word independence with the meaning of getting rid of the Allied occupation. This was despite the fact that the practical reality they were actually pushing people towards was the independence from all the other parts of the State, namely a complete separation. They also broke the lands inhabited by Arabic speaking Muslims into several pieces.

Ingawa Waingereza walikuwa wameikalia nchi nyingi kati yazo, hawakuziweka kama kitu kimoja. Badala yake waligeuza ardhi hizo kuwa vitengo kadhaa, kulingana na ramani walizoziandaa kwa ajili yake wakati wa vita.

Although the British had occupied most of them, they did not keep them as one entity. They rather turned those lands into several entities according to the maps they had drawn for them during the war.

Kwa hiyo, walitekeleza kwa vitendo kuvunjwa kwa dola iliyoshindwa na kuigeuza kuwa nchi kadhaa kabla ya kufanya nayo mkataba wa amani, na kabla hata ya kukubaliana nayo masharti ya amani. Kwani mara tu walipokalia ardhi, waligawanya ardhi hizo kuwa nchi kadhaa na kuanza kuzitawala kana kwamba ni dola kadhaa walizokuwa wamezikalia hivi punde. Hii ilikuwa ukiukaji wa sheria za kimataifa na kinyume cha mikataba ya kimataifa, kwa sababu kukaliwa kwa ardhi ya nchi iliyoshinda vitani na dola iliyoshinda hakutoshi kuamua hatima ya dola iliyokaliwa au maeneo yaliyokaliwa; kinachoamua jambo hilo ni mkataba wa amani, hata kama masharti ya mkataba huo yaliamriwa na kulazimishwa. Mfano wa karibu zaidi ni kwamba ingawa Berlin ilikaliwa kwa zaidi ya miaka arobaini, hatima yake haikuamuliwa na kukaliwa kwake bali na mkataba wa amani na makubaliano ya Washirika juu yake.

Kuhusu kujikita kwao katika kitovu cha Ukhalifa ili kupitisha mbinu zitakazopelekea kuufuta, Waingereza, mbali na hila zao dhidi ya washirika wao na mbali na juhudi zao katika ardhi walizozikalia, walielekeza umakini wao wote kwa Uturuki hasa, na hasa zaidi kwenye kitovu cha Ukhalifa.

As for the concentration of their efforts on the centre of the Khilafah in order to adopt the styles which would lead to its abolition, the British had, in addition to their manoeuvring against their Allies and in addition to their efforts in the lands they had occupied, focused all their attention on Turkey in particular, and more specifically on the centre of the Khilafah.

Kwa hiyo, mara baada ya kutangazwa kwa usitishaji mapigano, meli za kivita za Uingereza zilikimbilia kuteka Bosphorus, na vikosi vyao vikaukalia mji mkuu na ngome zote za Dardanelles, pamoja na maeneo yote nyeti ya kijeshi kote nchini Uturuki. Wakati huo huo, vikosi vya Kifaransa vilichukua Antep, huku vikosi vya Kiitaliano vikichukua Bira na njia za reli. Kamanda wa Uingereza, Harrington, aliteuliwa kuwa Kamanda Mkuu wa Washirika nchini Uturuki.

Therefore, soon after the declaration of the truce, British warships rushed to seize the Bosphorous and their troops occupied the capital and all the fortresses of the Dardanelles, as well as all the sensitive military areas throughout Turkey. Meanwhile, the French troops occupied Antep, while the Italian troops occupied Bira and the railway lines. The British commander, Harrington was appointed as the Allies General Commander in Turkey.

Kwa hiyo, ni vikosi vya Uingereza ndivyo vilivyoikalia Uturuki kwa kweli na kuchukua utawala wake juu yake. Uvamizi wa Ufaransa na Italia ulikuwa wa jina tu, ili kuthibitisha uwepo wao. Kwa hiyo, mawasiliano kati ya nchi iliyoshindwa, kuhusu mambo ya ndani ya Uturuki, na Washirika kwa kweli yalimaanisha mawasiliano na Waingereza. Hivyo Waingereza walifanikiwa kutekeleza nafasi yao nchini Uturuki peke yao, na Washirika wao hawakuwa na nafasi wala athari yoyote katika mambo ya ndani ya Uturuki.

Therefore, it was the British troops who effectively occupied Turkey and assumed their hegemony over her. France and Italy’s occupation was merely nominal and merely to confirm their presence. Hence, contact between the vanquished state, pertaining to the domestic matters of Turkey, and the Allies meant in fact contact with the British. Thus the British managed to play their role in Turkey single-handedly and their Allies had no role and no effect on the Turkish domestic matters.

Walianzisha pia mbinu nyingi za kisiasa ili kudhibiti Dola ya Khilafah, yaani Dola ya Utawala wa Ottoman kwa mujibu wao, tangu pale mapatano yalipotangazwa. Walielekeza mchezo wao wa kisiasa hasa kwa Uturuki ili kuipindua serikali na kuiangamiza Khilafah.