5 Ta'lim vositalari va uslublari - Xalifalik davlatida ta'lim o'quv dasturi | Quran Course

5 Ta'lim vositalari va uslublari - Xalifalik davlatida ta'lim o'quv dasturi | Quran Course

19-asrdan boshlab, milodiy hisobda, Yevropa, keyinroq esa Amerika va Rossiya sanoat inqilobini hayratlanarli darajada amalga oshirishga muvaffaq bo‘ldi. Bu o‘z navbatida “ilmiy metod” nomi bilan tanilgan ilmiy tadqiqot uslublarining natijasi edi. Tekshirib ko‘rilganda, ilmiy metod faqat empirik fanlarda to‘g‘ri va samarali ekanligi ma’lum bo‘ladi; shuningdek, uni metod deb atash ham noto‘g‘ri emas, chunki u aniq va doimiy tadqiqot texnikasidir. Biroq xato shundaki, uni tafakkur uchun asos sifatida, ratsional metod o‘rnida qabul qilishda, inson ratsional metod orqali isbotlagan ko‘plab haqiqat va bilimlarning mavjudligini inkor etishga olib keladi, masalan, Allohning borligi va Muhammad ﷺning payg‘ambarligi. Demak, ilmiy metod to‘g‘ri metoddir, lekin u tajriba orqali moddaning haqiqatini va xususiyatlarini bilishga imkon beradigan, tajribaga bo‘ysunadigan moddiy narsalar (madda) uchunnigina xosdir. Shunga qaramay, to‘rtta tarkibiy elementga ega ratsional metod tafakkurning asosi bo‘lib qolaveradi, chunki u nafaqat fizika kabi moddiy narsalarni o‘rganishda, balki aqidaviy ta’limot, qonunchilik va tarix kabi tafakkur mahsullarini o‘rganishda, shuningdek, adabiyot kabi tilni o‘rganishda ham qo‘llaniladi. Agar biror narsaning mavjudligi borasidagi ratsional xulosa ilmiy xulosaga zid kelib qolsa, ratsional xulosa qabul qilinadi, chunki narsaning mavjudligi haqidagi hukmi qat’iydir.

From the 19th century Christian Era, Europe and thereafter America and Russia succeeded in innovating the Industrial Revolution in a breathtaking manner, itself a result of scientific research styles that became known as the “scientific method.” Upon examination, the scientific method proves to be correct and effective in empirical sciences only; similarly it is not wrong to call it a method as it is a specific and permanent research technique. However, the error lies in taking it as a basis for thinking in place of the rational method as that leads to negating the existence of numerous facts and knowledge whose existence man proved via the rational method e.g. the existence of Allah and the Prophethood of Muhammad (salla Allahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). Thus the scientific method is a correct method but specific only to tangible materials (madda) susceptible to experimentation in order to know the material’s reality and attributes via experimenation. Nevertheless the rational method with its four (constituent) elements remains the basis for thinking as it is employed not only in researching tangible materials e.g. in physics etc, but also in researching thoughts like the intellectual doctrine (‘aqeedah), legislation and history as well as in researching language e.g. literature etc. If a rational conclusion happens to contradict with a scientific conclusion with respect to a thing’s existence, the rational conclusion is adopted since its judgement with respect to a thing’s existence is definitive.