7.3 Oliy ta'lim muassasalari
7.3 Higher education institutions
Davlat oliy ta'lim maqsadlariga erishish uchun quyidagi muassasalarni tashkil etadi:
The State will establish the following institutions to achieve its higher education goals:
i) Texnik institutlar,
i) Technical Insitutes,
ii) Davlat xizmati (ish bilan ta'minlash) institutlari,
ii) Civil Service (Employment) Institutes,
iii) Universitetlar,
iii) Universities,
iv) Tadqiqot va rivojlantirish markazlari,
iv) Research and Development Centres,
v) Harbiy institutlar/akademiyalar,
v) Military Institutes/Academies,
7.3.1 Texnika institutlari
7.3.1 Technical Institutes
Ushbu institutlarning vazifasi zamonaviy texnikalarga ixtisoslashgan texnik kadrlarni tayyorlashdir, masalan, telekommunikatsiya qurilmalari va kompyuterlar kabi elektron qurilmalarni ta'mirlash, shuningdek, oddiy kasblarga qaraganda chuqurroq bilim va fanni talab qiladigan boshqa kasblar. Ushbu institutlarga kirmoqchi bo'lgan talaba uchinchi maktab bosqichini (ya'ni 36 o'quv choragi) tugatishi kerak, u maktab bosqichlari bo'yicha umumiy imtihondan o'tganmi yoki yo'qmi, farqi yo'q. Mutaxassislar ushbu institutlardagi o'qish muddatlarini va har bir kasb uchun zarur davrni belgilaydilar, xuddi talaba uchinchi maktab bosqichida sanoat yo'nalishini tugatgan bo'lsa, qaysi fanlardan ozod etilishini belgilaganlaridek. O'qish muddati tugagach, talaba o'qigan yo'nalish bo'yicha "Birinchi daraja" guvohnomasini oladi.
These institutes’ function is to prepare a technical workforce specialised in modern techniques such as repairing electronic devices e.g. telecommunication devices and computers, as well as other vocations that require more in-depth knowledge and science than offered by simple vocations. The student who wishes to join these institutes should complete the third school stage (i.e. 36 school terms) whether or not he passed the general exam for the school stages. Experts determine the schooling terms and the necessary period for each vocation in these institutes, just as they determine the subjects for which the student gains exemption if he completed the industrial option in the third school stage. At the end of the study period, the student attains the “First Degree” certificate in the option he studied.
Ushbu institutlar orasida davlat qishloq xo‘jaligi departamenti tomonidan, shtatning ta’lim departamenti bilan hamkorlikda boshqariladigan qishloq xo‘jaligi institutlari ham bor. Ular oliy ta’limni talab qilmaydigan qishloq xo‘jaligi fanlariga ixtisoslashgan. Bu institutlar qishloq xo‘jaligini amalda yuritishga qodir malakali ishchi kuchini tayyorlashga xizmat qiladi, masalan, sug‘orish texnikasi hamda daraxt va ekinlarni yetishtirish va parvarishlashni tashkil etish, shuningdek, o‘g‘itlash, shox qirqish, emlash (tat’eem) va boshqa ishlar. Shuningdek, chorva va parrandachilik kabi hayvonot yetishtirish, qishloq xo‘jaligi mahsulotlarini qayta ishlash, go‘sht mahsulotlarini qayta ishlash va boshqalar ham shularga kiradi. Mutaxassislar tomonidan, agar talaba uchinchi maktab bosqichida qishloq xo‘jaligi yo‘nalishini tamomlagan bo‘lsa, u qaysi fanlardan imtiyozga ega bo‘lishi belgilanadi.
Among these institutes are agricultural institutes subordinate to the State’s Department of Agriculture in coordination with the Education Department of the state. They specialise in agricultural subjects that do not need university study. These insititutes serve to prepare a qualified workforce to practically undertake agriculture e.g. techniques of irrigation and organising tree and crop agriculture, followed by tending via fertilisers, pruning, vaccination (tat’eem) etc. Also animal rearing such as livestock and birds, agro-processing and meat-processing etc. Experts determine the subjects for which the student gains exemption if he completed the agricultural option in the third school stage.
7.3.2 Mehnat institutlari
7.3.2 Employment Institutes
Ushbu institutlarning vazifasi – talabani oliy ta'limga kirishni talab qilmaydigan ayrim kasblarni bajarishga qodir ishchi kuchini tayyorlashdir. Bunday institutlarga o'qishga kirish uchun ariza beruvchi kamida maktab bosqichlari bo'yicha umumiy imtihondan o'tgan bo'lishi kerak. Mutaxassislar har bir turdagi institutga talaba kirishi uchun zarur shartlarni, shuningdek har bir yo'nalish uchun fanlarni hamda talabani har bir institutda tayyorlash uchun zarur bo'lgan majburiy muddatni belgilaydi. Talaba o'qishni tugatgach, o'qigan yo'nalishi bo'yicha "Birinchi daraja" guvohnomasini oladi.
These institutes’ function to prepare a workforce able to undertake some jobs that do not require the student to join university. To enrol into such institutes the applicant must have at least passed the general exam for the school stages. Experts determine the prerequisites for the student to join each type of these institutes, just as they determine the subjects for each option and the mandatory time period required to prepare the student in each institute. The student attains, upon completing his study, a “First Degree” certificate in the option he studied.
Ushbu institutlarning ba'zilari hamshiralar va tibbiy yordamchi xodimlar tayyorlaydi, masalan rentgen texniklari, laboratoriya texniklari va stomatologiya texniklari. Shuningdek, oddiy moliyaviy va ma'muriy kasblar uchun institutlar mavjud, hamda universitetga kirmasdan turib kichik kompaniyalarni boshqarish va ularga oid hisob-kitoblar uchun zarur bo'lgan barcha narsalarni o'rgatadi, masalan buxgalteriya hisobi, kassa daftarlari va zakot hisoblari.
Some of these institutes produce nurses and medical assistant personnel like X-ray technicians, laboratory technicians and dental technicians. There are also institutes for simple financial and administrative vocations, and whatever is required to run small companiies and their related accounts without the need to join the university e.g. bookkeeping, cashbooks and Zakat accounts.
Ushbu institutlarning ba'zilari turli bosqichdagi maktablarda ishlay oladigan o'qituvchilar tayyorlaydi, shuningdek, ta'lim sohasida ishlashni istagan universitet bitiruvchilari uchun maxsus kurslar tashkil etadi.
Some of these institutes produce teachers able to work in the various school stages as well as preparing special courses for university graduates wishing to work in the education fields.
Institutlar davlat viloyatlari bo‘ylab viloyatlarning ehtiyojlariga ko‘ra tarqatilgan va turli yo‘nalishlarda tashkil etilgan. Masalan, dengiz bo‘yidagi viloyatlarda baliqchilik, kemalarni ta’mirlash va portlarni boshqarish kabi dengiz kasblari bo‘yicha institutlar mavjud; qishloq xo‘jaligi bilan mashhur viloyatlarda esa qishloq xo‘jaligi institutlari va boshqalar bor.
7.3.3 Universitetlar
7.3.3 Universities
Umumiy maktab bosqichlari imtihonidan o‘tgan talaba davlat universitetlariga kirish uchun ariza topshirish huquqiga ega. Universitetlar yilda ikki marta muvaffaqiyatli talabalarni qabul qiladi. Muayyan mutaxassisliklarga qabul quyidagilarga bog‘liq:
The student who passes the “General Examination for the School Stages” is entitled to apply to enter the State’s universities. Universities accept successful students twice in a year. Acceptance into specific specialisations depend upon the following:
Talabaning "Maktab bosqichlari uchun umumiy imtihon" bo'yicha o'rtacha bahosi. Talabaning uchinchi maktab bosqichidagi ixtisoslik yo'nalishi: madaniyat, fan yoki tijorat.
The student’s average marks in the “General Examination for the School Stages.” The student’s specialisation option in the third school stage, whether culture, science or commerce.
Talaba uchinchi bosqich umumiy imtihonida o‘zi ixtisoslashmoqchi bo‘lgan yo‘nalishga tegishli fanlardan olgan baholari. Masalan, Fiqh va Shariat ilmlari fakultetiga kirmoqchi bo‘lgan talaba Islom madaniyati va arab tili fanlaridan yuqori ball to‘plagan bo‘lishi kerak. Muhandislik yo‘nalishini tanlagan talaba matematika va fizika mavzularida a’lo natijaga erishishi lozim, tibbiyot yo‘nalishidagi talaba esa biologiya va kimyo fanlarida ustun bo‘lishi kerak va hokazo. Har bir universitet ixtisosligi uchun tegishli fanlar hamda ularga kerakli o‘rtacha ballni mutaxassislar belgilaydi.
The student’s marks in the subjects in the general exam for the third school stage related to the option he intends to specialise in. The student of the Faculty of Fiqh and Shari’ah Sciences, for instance, must have attained high marks in the subjects of Islamic culture and Arabic language. The student opting for engineering must excel in maths and physics topics, whereas the medical sciences student must excel in life sciences (Biology) and chemistry, and so on. Experts determine the relevant subjects for each university specialisation and the average marks required for each one.
Universitetda turli fakultetlar mavjud, jumladan:
The university includes various faculties such as:
Islom madaniyati fakulteti va uning fanlari: Tafsir, Fiqh, Ijtihod, sud ishi, Shariat fanlari.
- Faculty of Islamic Culture and its sciences: Tafseer, Fiqh, Ijtihad, judiciary, Shariah sciences.
Arab tili va uning ilmlari fakulteti.
- Faculty of Arabic Language and its sciences.
I don't see the text to translate yet. Please send the English passage (or the heading/label) you'd like rendered into Uzbek, and I'll translate it.
7.3.4 Research and Development Centres
Ushbu markazlarning vazifasi turli madaniy va ilmiy sohalarda aniq va ixtisoslashgan tadqiqot ishlarini olib borishdir. Madaniy sohalarda ular uzoq muddatli (strategik) rejalarni tuzishda, elchixonalar va muzokaralar orqali da'vatni olib borish uslublarini ishlab chiqishda, shuningdek fiqh, ijtihod, tilshunoslik va boshqa fanlarda chuqur fikrlarga erishishda ishtirok etadilar. Ilmiy sohalarda esa ular sanoat, yadro fani, kosmik fan va chuqur bilim hamda tadqiqot tajribasini talab qiladigan boshqa sohalarda amalga oshirish vositalari va uslublarini yangilashga xizmat qiladilar.
These centres’ function is to produce precise and specialised research work in various cultural and scientific fields. In cultural fields, they participate in attaining deep thoughts whether in drawing long-term (strategic) plans, styles for carrying the da’wah via embassies and negotiations, or in Fiqh, Ijtihad, Language Sciences etc. In scientific fields, they work to innovate new means and styles in fields of implementation e.g. Industry, Nuclear Science, Space Science, etc that require depth and expertise in research.
Ushbu markazlarning ba'zilari universitetlarga bo'ysunadi, boshqalari esa universitetlardan mustaqil bo'lib, Ta'lim vazirligiga bo'ysunadi. Ushbu markazlarda olimlar, universitet o'qituvchilari va ba'zi taniqli talabalar ishlaydi, ularning ilmiy o'qishlari tadqiqot, innovatsiya va rivojlantirish qobiliyatini namoyon etgan.
Some of these centres are subordinate to universities, while others are independent of universities while subordinate to the Education Department. Scholars, university lecturers and some distinguished students—whose academic study displayed research, innovation, and development ability—work in these centres.
7.3.5 Harbiy tadqiqot markazlari va akademiyalari
7.3.5 Military Research Centres and Academies
Ular harbiy rahbarlarni tayyorlash, shuningdek, Allohning dushmanlari va musulmonlarning dushmanlarini dahshatga solishga erishadigan harbiy vositalar va usullarni ishlab chiqish vazifasini bajaradi. Bu markazlar va akademiyalar Jihod amiriga bo‘ysunadi.
They function to produce military leaders, and to develop military means and styles that realise (the objective of) terrorising the enemies of Allah and the Muslims. These centres and academies are subordinate to the Amir of Jihad.