Taharat
Tahaarah
U'ziga xos, namoz to'g'riligi uchun shart bo'lgan tozalanish usuli. Tozalikning ikki turi bor: hadas — ko'rinmas nopoklikdan tozalanish va xabas — ko'rinadigan nopoklikdan tozalanish.
It is a specific method of cleansing which is conditional for the validity of Salaah. There are two types of cleanliness; cleanliness from Hadath-invisible impurity and cleanliness from Khabath-visible impurity.
Tahoratlanish: Hadatdan tozalanish
Tahaarah From Hadath
Bu oʻzini poklash, ya’ni vudu (wudu) — yuvinish, g‘usl — cho‘milish yoki tayammum — ulardan birining o‘rnini bosuvchi amal bilan amalga oshiriladi.
It is to cleanse oneself performing Wudu-ablution, Ghusl-bath or Tayammum, an alternative of the former two.
Tahorat (taharat) — xabasdan
Tahaarah From Khabth
U'zi istinjaadan keyin o'zini tozalash, ya'ni tabiiy ehtiyojlarni qondirgandan so'ng tanasi, kiyimi va (ibodat joyi)dagi najosatni yo'qotish.
It is to cleanse oneself after Istinjaa-answering to the natural calls, and remove impurity from one’s body, clothes and place (of prayer).
Mutahhirat turlari
Types Of Mutahhiraat
Quyidagi to'rttasi tahorat olish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin.
The following four can be used for cleansing.
1. Toza suv
1. Clean water
2. Toza tuproq
2. Clean soil
3. Toza tosh
3. Clean stone
4. Terini tozalash (teri)
4. Currying (skin)
Suvning turlari
Types Of Water
Suvning uch turi bor.
There are three types of water.
1. O‘zi pok va boshqa narsalarni poklash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan suv
1. Water which is clean itself and can be used for cleansing
2. O'zi toza, ammo tahorat qilish yoki g'usl uchun ishlatib bo'lmaydigan suv
2. Water which is clean itself but cannot be used for cleansing
3. Ifloslangan suv
3. Water which is polluted
Pok va tahorat olish uchun yaroqli suv
Water Which Is Clean And Can Be Used For Cleansing
Har xil yomg'ir va bahor suvlari, ular biror narsa bilan aralashib, o'zlarining biror sifatini o'zgartirmagan bo'lsa — ya'ni ularni ifloslantirishi mumkin bo'lgan narsa bilan aralashganligi sababli sifatlaridan birortasi ham o'zgarmagan bo'lsa — barchasi (poklik beruvchi suvdir). Masalan, dengiz suvi, daryo suvi, muz suvi, qor suvi va shunga o'xshash suvlar.
All types of rain and spring-water, which have not changed any of their qualities1 because of having been mixed with something that can pollute them. Like seawater, river-water, ice-water, snow-water and similar water.
Rangi, hidi yoki ta'mi o'zgargan, ammo tahorat uchun foydalanish mumkin bo'lgan suv
Water That Has Changed But Can Be Used For Cleansing
Qualities (taste, color, smell) of water that have changed because of being mixed with something that cannot pollute it. Yes, but precisely: "Suv, uning sifatlaridan biri yoki barchasi uni ifloslantira olmaydigan narsa bilan aralashganligi sababli o‘zgargan bo‘lsa, u besh turga bo‘linadi."
Water, which has changed any or all of its qualities because of having been mixed with something that cannot pollute it, is of five types.
1. Uzun vaqt harakatsiz turgani yoki baliq va qurbaqalarning tug'ilish joyi bo'lgani sababli o'zgargan suv.
1. Water that has changed because of its being stagnant for a long period or due to its being birth place of fish and frogs.
2. Turgan joyi, oqib o'tgan o'zani yoki loy yoki tuz aralashganligi sababli o'zgargan suv.
2. Water which has changed because of the place where it is standing, the channel it flows through or having been mixed with clay or salt.
3. Suvga shamol orqali daraxt barglari tushishi kabi, uni ajratib bo‘lmaydigan narsalar aralashishi natijasida o‘zgargan suv.
3. Water that has changed because of having been mixed with something impossible to avoid it, like the leaves of tree which fall on water through wind.
4. Rangi bo'yalgan narsa, masalan, qatron tufayli rangi o'zgargan suv.
4. Water that has changed due to the colour of port which has been painted, tar for instance.
5. Suv o‘zgargan bo‘lsa, yaqin atrofda yotgan najosat sababli: masalan, suv yonida yotgan badbo‘y jasad, va shamol orqali hid aralashib, suvning sifati o‘zgarishi. Yoki suv moy yoki yog‘ kabi ajratib bo‘lmaydigan narsa bilan aralashib o‘zgargan bo‘lishi.
5. Water which has changed because of the impurity that is laying nearby. A stinking corpse for instance, laying next to water and water changes its quality due to getting mixed with odour through wind. Or water that has changed because of getting mixed with something which cannot be separated such as oil or fat.
Suv o'zini tozalaydi, lekin tahorat uchun ishlatib bo'lmaydi
Water Clean Itself But Cannot Be Used For Cleansing
Taharat (poklanish) uchun ishlatib bo'lmaydigan, lekin o'zi pok bo'lgan suvning uch turi bor.
There are three types of water which are clean themselves but they cannot be used for cleansing.
1. Butunlay o‘zgarib ketgan suv, suvning ajralmas qismi bo‘lmagan va yonida yotmagan, shakar va asal kabi, pok bir narsa bilan aralashganligi sababli.
1. Water which has changed completely because of having been mixed with something pure which is not an integral part of water nor is it laying nearby, like sugar and honey.
2. Tahoratda ishlatilgan, lekin oz miqdordagi suv.
2. Little quantity of water that has already been used for cleansing.
3. Daraxtdan yuvish, qaynatish yoki shunga o'xshash har qanday usul bilan ajratib olingan suv, masalan, atirgul va kokos suvi.
3. Water that has been extracted from any tree by rinsing, boiling or any similar method, such as rose and coconut-water.
Ifloslangan suv
Polluted Water
Suvning ifloslanishi ikki turga bo'linadi.
Polluted water is of two types.
1. Tarkibida biror narsa ajralmagan va ustunligi bo'lmagan, nopok narsa tushishi sababli o'z sifatlaridan birortasini o'zgartirgan suv, najasatning miqdori oz yoki ko'p bo'lishidan qat'i nazar.
1. Water which has changed any of its qualities because of falling something impure into it, whether the impurity is in little or large quantity.
2. Miqdori oz bo‘lgan suv, unga biror najosat tushsa, suvning biror sifati o‘zgarmagan bo‘lsa ham, ifloslanadi.
2. Water which is little in quantity will be polluted when something impure falls into it, even if water has not changed any of its qualities.
Savol
Question
1. Tahorat nima?
1. What is Tahaarah?
2. Tahaarah (taharat) hadasdan nimani anglatadi?
2. What does Tahaarah from Hadath mean?
3. "Xubs"dan Taharah nimani anglatadi?
3. What does Tahaarah from Khubth stand for?
4. Tahorat uchun qancha turdagi narsalardan foydalanish mumkin?
4. How many types of objects can be used for cleansing?
5. Qanday suv pokiza bo‘lib, tahorat uchun ishlatilishi mumkin?
5. What type of water is clean and can be used for cleansing?
6. Qanday suv o'zgargan, ammo o'zi pok bo'lgan suv hisoblanadi? 7. Qanday suv pok, ammo tahorat olish uchun ishlatib bo'lmaydigan suv hisoblanadi?
6. What type of water is considered changed, but clean itself? 7. What type of water is clean but cannot be used for cleansing?
8. Qaysi turdagi suv ifloslangan deb hisoblanadi?
8. What type of water is regarded as polluted?
TAHAARAH -> Poklanish
TAHAARAH -> Cleanliness
MUTAHHIRAAT -> Tozalash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan narsalar
MUTAHHIRAAT -> Thing which can be used for cleansing
(1) Suvning uchta sifati bor: rangi, hidi va ta'mi.
(1) There are three qualities of water; colour, smell and taste.
Umar Abdul Jabbaar - Shofe'iy fiqhining asoslari
Reference: Umar Abdul Jabbaar - Elements of Shaafi Fiqh