（62）一位已达到青春期的女子，因为害羞而不向任何人说明，因此没有斋戒，她必须悔罪并补还所缺的日子；如果下一个斋月到来时她仍未补完这些日子，她还须为每一天供养一位贫困的人，作为延误斋戒的赎罪。她的情况，就像一位因害羞而在经期中斋戒、之后也不补还的女子一样。

(62) A woman who has reached the age of puberty, but is too shy to tell anyone, so she does not fast, has to repent and make up the days she has missed, as well as feeding a poor person for each day, as an act of expiation for delaying her fast, if the following Ramadaan comes and she has not yet made up those days. Her case is like that of a woman who fasts the days of her period out of shyness, and does not make them up later.

如果一名妇女不确定自己到底漏掉了多少天，她应当进行斋戒，直到她较为确定已经补上了所漏的天数，并且没有遗漏前几个斋月的补斋，同时为每一天的拖延缴纳赎罪。她可以同时进行斋戒与缴纳赎罪，也可以分开进行，视她的能力而定。（63）妇女在丈夫在场且未经其许可的情况下，不应斋戒，斋月期间除外；但如果丈夫外出旅行，则无妨。

If a woman does not know exactly how many days she has missed, she should fast until she is fairly certain that she has made up the days she had missed and not made up from previous Ramadaans, and offer the expiation for delaying for each day. She can do this at the same time as fasting or separately, depending on what she is able to do (63) A woman should not fast – except during Ramadaan – if her husband is present without his permission, but if he is travelling then it does not matter.

(64) 当经期中的妇女看到白色分泌物——即经期结束后子宫排出的白色物质——她借此知道自己已变为洁净(taahir)时，她应当从前一夜起就有斋戒的意图，然后开始斋戒。如果她没有能确定自己已洁净的时间，她应当放入一小块棉花或类似的东西；如果取出时是干净的，她就应当斋戒；如果她又开始出血，无论血是流出还是只是点滴渗出，她都应当停止斋戒，因为只要它出现在经期之内，就会破坏斋戒。（《常设大会与议会学术研究和教令委员会的教令集》，10/154）

(64) When a menstruating woman sees the white substance – which is discharged by the uterus when the period is finished – by which a woman knows that she has now become taahir (pure), she should have the intention to fast from the night before and should fast. If she does not have a time when she knows she is taahir, she should insert a piece of cotton or something similar, and if it comes out clean, she should fast, and if she starts to bleed again, she should stop fasting, whether the blood is a flow or just spotting, because it breaks the fast as long as it comes at the time of the period. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/154).

如果出血在晚上礼拜时间（日落）之前停止，并且她在前一晚就已怀着意图开始斋戒，那么她的斋戒是有效的。如果一名妇女感觉到经血在体内流动，但直到日落之后才流出来，那么她的斋戒是有效的，之后也不必补这一天的斋。

If the cessation of bleeding continues until Maghrib, and she has fasted with the intention from the night before, then her fast is valid. If a woman feels the movement of menstrual blood inside her, but is does not come out until after the sun has set, her fast is valid and she does not have to make the day up later.

如果妇女的月经或产后出血在夜间停止，她也有意封斋，但黎明已经到来，而她还未来得及洗大净，那么根据所有学者的意见，她的斋戒是有效的。（《法特赫》，4/148）

If a woman’s period or post-natal bleeding ceases during the night, and she makes the intention to fast, but dawn comes before she is able to do ghusl, according to all the scholars her fast is valid. (al-Fath, 4/148)

(65) 如果一名女性知道次日月经将至，她仍应保持斋戒的意念并继续封斋；直到她真正见到经血时，才可以破斋。 (66) 经期中的女性最好顺其自然，接受安拉为她所定的安排，不要服用任何药物来阻止经血。她应当满足于安拉所接受的做法，即在经期中破斋，并在之后补还这些日子的斋。圣妻们和先贤时期的女性都是这样做的。（《常设学术研究与教法答复委员会法特瓦集》，10/151）此外，有医学证据表明，许多用来阻止经血的物质实际上是有害的，不少女性因服用这些药物而出现月经紊乱。然而，如果一名女性这样做，即服用某种药物止血后再封斋，这是可以的。

(65) If a woman knows that her period will come tomorrow, she should still continue her intention and keep fasting; she should not break her fast until she actually sees the blood. (66) It is better for a menstruating woman to remain natural and accept what Allaah has decreed for her by not taking any medication to prevent her from bleeding. She should be content with what Allaah accepts from her of breaking her fast during her period and making those days up later. This is how the Mothers of the Believers and the women of the salaf were. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/151). Moreover, there is medical evidence to prove that many of the things used to prevent bleeding are in fact harmful, and many women have suffered from irregular periods as a result of taking them. However, if a woman does that and takes something to stop the bleeding, then fasts, this is OK.

(67) 非经期的阴道出血（即“Istihaadah”）不影响斋戒的有效性。

(67) Istihaadah (non-menstrual vaginal bleeding) does not have any effect on the validity of the fast.

(68) 如果孕妇流产，胎儿已经成形，或身体某个部位（如头或手）已可辨认，那么她的血为产后血（nifaas）；但如果她排出的东西看起来像血块（‘alaq），或像嚼过的、看不出人形特征的肉块，那么她的出血为非经血（istihaadah），她应当斋戒（若能够斋戒），否则可以破斋，之后再补。（《常设委员会法特瓦集》，10/224）。在她接受清宫手术（D&C）并恢复清洁后，她应当斋戒。学者们指出，胚胎约在怀孕80天后开始成形。

(68) If a pregnant woman miscarries and the foetus is formed or has a discernible outline of any part of the body, such as a head or hand, then her blood is nifaas; if, however, she passes something that looks like a blood clot (‘alaq) or a chewed piece of meat that has no discernible human features, her bleeding is istihaadah and she has to fast, if she is able, otherwise she can break her fast and make it up later on. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/224). Once she becomes clean after having an operation to clean the womb (D&C), she should fast. The scholars stated that the embryo is considered to start taking shape after 80 days of pregnancy.

如果妇女在四十天之前就已经从产后流血（nifaas）中洁净，她应当封斋，并沐浴（ghusl），以便能够礼拜。（《al-Mughni ma’a al-Sharh al-Kabeer》，1/360）如果产后四十天之内血又恢复流出，她应当停止封斋，因为这仍然属于产后流血。如果血在第四十天之后仍然持续，她应当定意封斋并沐浴（依照大多数学者的意见），而第四十天之后的任何血迹都被视为istihaadah（非经期流血）——除非它恰好与她平时的月经时间相吻合，那样就是hayd（经血）。如果哺乳的妇女白天封斋，夜里看见一点血迹，尽管她白天是洁净的，她的斋戒仍然有效。（《Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah》，10/150）

If a woman becomes clean from nifaas before forty days, she should fast and do ghusl so that she can pray. (al-Mughni ma’a al-Sharh al-Kabeer, 1/360). If the bleeding resumes within forty days after the birth, she should stop fasting, because this is still nifaas. If the bleeding continues after the fortieth day, she should make the intention to fast and do ghusl (according to the majority of scholars), and any bleeding beyond the fortieth day is considered to be istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding) – unless it coincides with the usual time of her period, in which case it is hayd (menstrual blood). If a breastfeeding woman fasts during the day and sees a spot of blood during the night, although she was clean during the day, her fast is still valid. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/150)

(69) 根据最正确的观点,怀孕或哺乳的妇女被视同病人,因此允许她不斋戒,她只需补还所缺的日子,无论她担心的是自己还是孩子。先知(愿安拉的赞颂与祝福降临于他)ﷺ说:“安拉免除了旅行者的斋戒和部分拜功,也免除了怀孕和哺乳妇女的斋戒。”(由提尔米兹圣训集收录,3/85;他说这是一段哈桑圣训。)如果怀孕的妇女斋戒时出现一些出血,她的斋戒仍然有效;这丝毫不影响她的斋戒。(《常设委员会教法裁决集》,10/225。)

(69) According to the most correct opinion, a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding is regarded as being like one who is ill, so she is permitted not to fast, and she only has to make up the days that she missed, whether she fears for herself or for her child. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Allaah has lifted the obligation of fasting and part of the prayer from the traveller, and He has lifted the obligation of fasting from the pregnant and breastfeeding woman.” (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 3/85; he said (it is a) hasan hadeeth). If a pregnant woman fasts and experiences some bleeding, her fast is still valid; this does not affect her fast at all. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/225).

(70) 如果一名有义务斋戒的女子，在斋月白天与丈夫自愿发生性关系，那么适用于男子的裁决也同样适用于她。然而，如果丈夫是强迫她这样做，她应当尽力抗拒他，并且她不需要承担赎罪。伊本·阿奇勒（愿安拉怜悯他）说："如果一名男子在斋月白天趁妻子睡着时与她发生性关系，她不需要承担赎罪。"但为慎重起见，她应当事后补斋。（伊斯兰教长伊本·泰米叶（愿安拉怜悯他）认为，这种情况根本不会使她的斋戒无效。）

(70) In the case of a woman who is obliged to fast, if her husband has intercourse with her during the day in Ramadaan with her consent, then the ruling that applies to him also applies to her. If, however, he forces her to do that, she should do her best to resist him, and she does not have to offer expiation. Ibn ‘Aqeel (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “In the case of a man who has intercourse with his wife during the day in Ramadaan whilst she is sleeping, she does not have to offer expiation.” But to be on the safe side, she should make up that fast later on. (Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) was of the opinion that this did not invalidate her fast at all).

一个知道丈夫自制力不足的妇女，在斋月白天应当避开他，也不要打扮自己。

A woman who knows that her husband cannot control himself should keep away from him and not adorn herself during the day in Ramadaan.

妇女必须补做她在斋月中错过的斋戒，即使没有得到丈夫的知情。女子履行义务斋戒并不以得到丈夫的许可为条件。如果妇女开始履行一项义务斋戒，除非有正当理由，否则她不得中断。当她在补做所错过的斋日时，她的丈夫无权命令她破斋；她的丈夫在她补做错过的斋戒期间也不得与她发生性行为，她在这方面也不得服从他。（《常设委员会fatwa集》，第10卷，第353页）

Women have to make up the fasts that they miss during Ramadaan, even without their husbands’ knowledge. It is not a condition for an obligatory fast for a woman to have the permission of her husband. If a woman starts to observe an obligatory fast, she is not allowed to break it except for a legitimate reason. Her husband is not permitted to order her to break her fast when she is making up a day that she has missed; he is not allowed to have intercourse with her when she is making up a missed fast, and she is not allowed to obey him in that regard. (Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa’imah, 10/353).

至于自愿的斋戒，妇女在丈夫在场时，未经丈夫允许，不得开始非必须的斋戒，依据的是艾布·胡莱赖（愿安拉喜悦他）所传的圣训，先知ﷺ说："妇女在丈夫在场时，不得斋戒，除非得到他的允许。"（布哈里圣训集，4793）。

In the case of voluntary fasts, a woman is not permitted to start a non-obligatory fast when her husband is present without his permission, because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “No woman should fast when her husband is present except with his permission.” (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 4793).

总之，这就是我关于斋戒相关问题所能写的全部内容。我祈求安拉帮助我们记念祂、感谢祂、并以应有的方式崇拜祂，愿我们以宽恕结束我们的斋月，并使我们免于火狱。

In conclusion, this is what I was able to write about issues concerning fasting. I ask Allaah to help us to remember Him, thank Him and worship Him properly, and to end our Ramadaan with forgiveness, and to save us from the Fire.

愿安拉赐福我们的先知穆罕默德ﷺ，赐福他的家人和门徒，并赐予他们平安。

May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad, and his family and companions, and grant them peace.