《使斋戒无效的事项》 - 关于斋戒的七十件事 | Quran Course

《使斋戒无效的事项》 - 关于斋戒的七十件事 | Quran Course

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《使斋戒无效的事项》

Things That Break The Fast

by Book by Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid6 min readViewed 143 times

(41)除了经期(hayd)和产后流血(nifaas)之外,其他可能破坏斋戒的事情,只有在满足以下三个条件时才算破坏斋戒:一是此人知道该行为会破坏斋戒,且不是无知的;二是此人清楚自己在做什么,并且没有忘记自己正在斋戒;三是此人出于自愿,而不是被迫去做。破坏斋戒的事项包括:涉及排出体液的行为,如房事、呕吐、月经和拔罐;以及涉及摄入物质的行为,如进食和饮水。(《Majmoo' al-Fataawa》,25/148)

(41) Apart from hayd (menstruation) and nifaas (post-natal bleeding), other things that can break the fast are only considered to do so if the following three conditions apply: if a person knows that it breaks the fast and is not ignorant; if he is aware of what he is doing and has not forgotten that he is fasting; if he does it of his own free will and is not forced to do it. Among the things that break the fast are actions that involves the expulsion of bodily fluids, such as intercourse, vomiting, menstruation and cupping, and actions that involve ingesting matter, such as eating and drinking. (Majmoo’ al-Fataawa, 25/148)

(42) 在会使斋戒无效的事项中，有一些被归为与饮食相似的情形，例如通过口服服用药物和药丸，或注射营养物质，或输血。

(42) Among the things that break the fast are things that are classified as being like eating or drinking, such as taking medicines and pills by mouth, or injections of nourishing substances, or blood transfusions.

不是用来代替食物和饮水、而是用于注射青霉素、胰岛素等药物、补药或疫苗的注射剂，无论是肌肉注射还是静脉注射，都不会破坏斋戒。（《伊本·易卜拉欣宗教裁决集》，4/189）不过，为了稳妥起见，这些注射最好都安排在夜间进行。

(46) 如果一个人有义务斋戒,但他在斋月白天故意自愿地进行性交,即两个“受割礼的部位”(生殖器)相接,且阴茎的龟头插入前面或后面的通道,他的斋戒就被破坏了,无论他是否射精,他都必须悔罪。他仍应继续斋戒直至当天结束,但之后必须补做这一天的斋戒,并缴纳赎罪(kafaarah),依据是艾布·胡莱赖(愿安拉喜悦他)的圣训:“我们与安拉的使者(愿安拉的赞颂和平安降临于他)同坐时,一个人来到他面前说:‘安拉的使者啊,我完了!’他说:‘你怎么了?’他说:‘我在斋戒时与妻子同房了。’安拉的使者说:‘你有没有可以释放的奴隶?’他说:‘没有。’他说:‘你能连续斋戒两个月吗?’他说:‘不能。’他说:‘你有能力供养六十个穷人吗?’他说:‘没有’……”(由布哈里记录,《法特赫》4,第1936条)。同样的裁决也适用于通奸(zinaa)、同性恋和兽交的情况。

(46) If a person is obliged to fast, but he deliberately has intercourse during the day in Ramadaan, of his own free will, where the two “circumcised parts” (genitals) come together and the tip of the penis penetrates either the front or back passage, his fast is broken, whether or not he ejaculates, and he has to repent. He should still fast for the rest of the day, but he has to make up the fast later on, and offer expiation (kafaarah), because of the hadeeth narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him): “Whilst we were sitting with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), a man came to him and said: ‘O Messenger of Allaah, I am doomed!’ He said, ‘What is the matter with you?’ He said, ‘I had intercourse with my wife whilst I was fasting.’ The Messenger of Allaah said, ‘Do you have a slave whom you could set free?’ He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Can you fast for two consecutive months?’ He said, ‘No.’ He said, ‘Do you have the wherewithal to feed sixty poor people?’ He said, ‘No’…” (Reported by al-Bukhaari, al-Fath, 4, no. 1936). The same ruling also applies in cases of zinaa (adultery or fornication), homosexuality and bestiality.

(53)“谁无意呕吐，不需要补斋；但谁故意呕吐，则必须补斋。”（圣训，经艾特-提尔米兹收录，sahih，3/89）故意呕吐的人，例如用手指插入喉咙或按压腹部，或故意闻恶臭之物，或看到会引起呕吐的东西，都必须事后补斋。如果他感觉快要呕吐，但之后自行平息，这不会破坏他的斋戒，因为这不是他能控制的；但如果呕吐物涌入口中，他又将其咽回去，这就会破坏斋戒。如果一个人胃部感到恶心，他不必强忍呕吐的冲动，因为这可能会对他造成伤害。（《斋月讲座》，伊本·乌赛米尼，67页）如果一个人无意中咽下卡在牙缝中的东西，或者那东西非常细小，以至于他无法察觉或吐出，这被视为其唾液的一部分，不会破坏斋戒。但如果它大到可以吐出，他就应当吐出。如果他吐出来，这是可以的；但如果他咽下去，这就会破坏斋戒。如果某种物质能在口中全部或部分溶解，并带有额外的味道或甜味，那么嚼食它对他来说是禁止的（haraam）。如果其中任何部分到达喉咙，这就会破坏斋戒。如果一个人漱口后吐出水，口中残留的水汽或湿润，不会影响他的斋戒，因为这是他无法避免的。

(53) “Whoever vomits unintentionally does not have to make up the fast later on, but whoever vomits on purpose does have to make up the fast.” (Saheeh hadeeth narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 3/89). A person who vomits deliberately, by sticking his finger down his throat or applying pressure to his stomach, or deliberately smelling a repulsive odour, or looking at something that could make him vomit, is obliged to make up the fast later on. If he feels that he is about to vomit, but then it subsides by itself, this does not break his fast, because it is not something that he can control, but if the vomit comes into his mouth and he swallows it back down, this does break the fast. If a person feels sick in his stomach, he does not have to suppress the urge to vomit, because this could cause him harm. (Majaalis Sharh Ramadaan, Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, 67). If a person unintentionally swallows something that is stuck between his teeth, or if it is so small that he could not tell it was there or spit it out, this is counted as being part of his saliva and it does not break his fast. But if it is big enough to spit out, he should spit it out. If he spits it out, this is OK, but if he swallows it, this breaks his fast. If it can be diluted in the mouth, in whole or in part, and it has an added taste or sweetness, it is haraam for him to chew it. If any of this substance reaches the throat, this breaks the fast. If a person spits out water after rinsing his mouth, his fast is not affected by any moisture or wetness that is left behind, because he cannot help it.