（10）斋戒是每位成年、神智健全、居住在家（即非旅行中）、能够斋戒、且没有经期（hayd）或产后出血（nifaas）等阻碍的穆斯林男女的义务。

(10) Fasting is an obligation on every adult, sane, settled [i.e., not travelling] Muslim who is able to fast and has nothing such as hayd [menstruation] or nifaas [post-natal bleeding] to prevent him or her from doing so.

一个人在以下三种情况中任何一种出现时，即被视为已达到成年：射精，无论是在梦遗中还是其他情况下；私处周围长出粗硬的阴毛；年满十五岁。对于女性，还有第四种情况，即月经。女孩初潮（开始来月经）时，即使尚未满十岁，也有义务封斋。

A person is deemed to have reached adulthood when any one of the following three things occur: emission of semen, whether in a wet dream or otherwise; growth of coarse pubic hair around the private parts; attainment of fifteen years of age. In the case of females, there is a fourth, namely menstruation; when a girl reaches menarche (starts her periods), she is obliged to fast even if she has not yet reached the age of ten.

（11）应当教导孩子在七岁时斋戒，只要他有能力。一些学者说，如果孩子不斋戒，十岁时可以打他，正如礼拜一样。（参见《Al-Mughni》，3/90）。孩子因斋戒而获得回报，父母因妥善抚养他并引导他行善而获得回报。Al-Rubay'bint Mu'awwidh（愿安拉喜悦她）谈到斋月被定为功修时说："我们会让我们的孩子斋戒，我们会给他们做一个羊毛做的玩具。如果他们中有人哭着要食物，我们就把那个玩具给他们玩，直到到了破斋的时间。"（《Al-Bukhaari》，Fath，第1960条）。有些人不认为告诉孩子斋戒很重要；事实上，孩子可能对斋戒充满热情，并且有能力做到，但他的父亲或母亲可能因所谓的"怜悯"而叫他不要斋戒。他们没有意识到，真正的怜悯和慈爱在于让他习惯于斋戒。安拉说（其含义的诠释）："信道的人们啊！你们当自防己身及眷属，免遭以人与石为燃料的火狱之害，守护它的是严厉的、暴烈的天使，他们不违背安拉所命令他们的事，并且奉行他们所奉命的事。"（《禁食》66:6）。当女孩刚刚达到成年时，必须特别注意她的斋戒问题，因为她可能因羞涩而在月经期间斋戒，之后又不补斋。

(11) Children should be instructed to fast at the age of seven, if they are able to, and some scholars said that a child may be smacked at the age of ten if he does not fast, just as in the case of salaah. (See al-Mughni, 3/90). The child will be rewarded for fasting, and the parents will be rewarded for bringing him up properly and guiding him to do good. Al-Rubay’ bint Mu’awwidh (may Allaah be pleased with her) said, speaking about Ramadaan when it was made obligatory: “We used to make our children fast, and we would make them a toy made out of wool. If any one of them started to cry for food, we would give them that toy to play with until it was time to break the fast.” (al-Bukhaari, Fath, no. 1960). Some people do not think it is important to tell their children to fast; indeed, a child may be enthusiastic about fasting and may be capable of doing it, but his father or mother may tell him not to fast, out of so-called “pity” for him. They do not realize that true pity and compassion consist of making him get used to fasting. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): “O you who believe! Ward off from yourselves and your families a Fire (hell) whose fuel is men and stones, over which are (appointed) angels stern (and) severe, who disobey not, (from executing) the Commands they receive from Allaah, but do that which they are commanded.” [al-Tahreem 66:6]. Extra attention must be paid to the matter of a girl’s fasting when she has just reached maturity, because she may fast when she has her period, out of shyness, and then not make up the fast later.

（12）如果一个非穆斯林皈依伊斯兰教，或者儿童达到青春期，或者疯癫的人在白天恢复神智，他们应当在当天剩余的时间里戒食，因为他们此时已属于有义务封斋的人；但他们无需补还此前所缺的拉马丹月的斋日，因为在那段时间里他们并不属于有义务封斋的人。

(12) If a kaafir becomes Muslim, or a child reaches puberty, or an insane person comes to his senses during the day, they should refrain from eating for the rest of the day, because they are now among those who are obliged to fast, but they do not have to make up for the days of Ramadaan that they have missed, because at that time they were not among those who are obliged to fast.

(13) 精神错乱的人对其行为不负责任（他们的行为不被记录），但如果一个人时而精神错乱、时而神智清醒，那么他在神智清醒的时候必须斋戒，在精神错乱的时候则可以免除。如果他在白天精神错乱，这并不会使他的斋戒无效，正如有人因疾病或其他原因而失去知觉的情况一样，因为他在神智清醒时已有斋戒的意图。（伊本·欧赛敏《赖买丹月的聚会》，第28页）癫痫病患者的情况与此类似，适用同样的裁决。

(13) The insane are not responsible for their deeds (their deeds are not being recorded), but if a person is insane at times and sane at other times, he must fast during his periods of sanity, and is excused during his periods of insanity. If he becomes insane during the day, this does not invalidate his fast, just as is the case if someone becomes unconscious because of illness or some other reason, because he had the intention of fasting when he was sane. (Majaalis Shahr Ramadaan by Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, p.28). A similar case is the ruling governing epileptics.

(14) 如果有人在斋月期间去世，那么对于该月剩余的日子，他本人或其继承人都没有“债务”。

(14) If someone dies during Ramadaan, there is no “debt” on him or his heirs with regard to the remaining days of the month.

(15) 如果有人不知道斋戒斋月是义务（فرض）的，或者不知道在这个月白天饮食或行房是哈拉姆（禁止）的，那么根据大多数学者的意见，这种情况可以作为借口被接受；新皈依伊斯兰教的人、居住在战争之地（دار الحرب，非穆斯林地区）的穆斯林，以及在非信徒中长大的穆斯林，情况也是如此。但是，一个在穆斯林中长大、并且能够提问和求证的人，则没有这样的借口。

(15) If someone does not know that it is fard (obligatory) to fast Ramadaan, or that it is haraam to eat or have sexual intercourse during the day in this month, then according to the majority of scholars, this excuse is acceptable, as is also the case for a new convert to Islam, a Muslim living in Daar al-Harb (non-Muslim lands) and a Muslim who grew up among the kuffaar. But a person who grew up among the Muslims and was able to ask questions and find out, has no excuse.