《对“你所效忠者,绝不会蒙受羞辱”的解释》
The Explanation of “Whoever You show loyalty towards will never be humiliated.”
这句话和下一句(“……凡你所敌视的人,也永远不会得到尊荣。”)都是对我们之前的请求“像你照顾你所照顾的人那样,照顾我”的进一步解释和说明。如果安拉像同伴那样看顾和守护一个人,他就必定永远不会受到羞辱。反之,如果祂对某人表示敌视,这样的人也永远不会获得尊荣。因此,这要求我们只向安拉(SWT)寻求尊荣,并敬畏安拉,祈求庇护,免于在祂面前遭受羞辱和蒙羞。当安拉成为一个人的同伴和保护者时,他不可能真正遭受屈辱和丢脸。重要的是努力获得与安拉这种同伴关系。
This sentence and the next one (“…and whoever You show enmity towards will never be honored.”) both provide more explanation and details of our previous request, “Care for me as a companion with those You have cared for.” If Allaah watches over and guards a person as a companion would, then he would definitely never be humiliated. On the contrary, if He were to show enmity towards someone, such a person would never be honored. So this requires us to seek honor only from Allaah () alone and we fear and seek refuge from being dishonored and disgraced before Allaah. It is not possible for one to be truly humiliated and disgraced when Allaah has become his companion and guardian. The important thing is to try to achieve this type of companionship with Allaah.
然而,人该如何才能获得祂的陪伴与眷顾?
Yet, how does one gain His companionship and loyalty?
这种效忠、伴随与忠诚,可以通过具备两个重要品质而达到,真主()已在祂的经典中阐明了这两个品质:"真主的密友,必无恐惧,亦不忧愁——那些信道并且常怀敬畏(真主)的人。"[《优努斯章》10:62-63] 在这两个品质中(1-信仰,2-时刻敬畏真主),一个存在于心中,另一个体现在肢体上。"那些信道的人"在于心中,"……并且常怀敬畏(真主)"体现在肢体上。因此,当心与肢体都纯净端正时,人们便凭借这两个品质获得这种盟友关系与伴随。然而,那些仅仅自称是真主亲近者的人,例如效仿修道士所行之道的人,或在真主的律法中加入不属于它的创新、并声称"我们是真主的亲近者(Walee)!"的人,是得不到这种的。因此,这种使仆人蒙受尊荣的、来自真主()的伴随、忠诚与庇护,就包含在这两大属性之中:真正的信仰(Eemaan)与时刻敬畏真主(Taqwaa)。伊斯兰学界的著名学者伊本·太米叶就这节经文说道:
This kind of allegiance, companionship, and loyalty is achievable by actualizing two significant characteristics, both of which Allaah () has clarified in His book, “Indeed, for the close allies of Allaah there will be no fear upon them, nor will they grieve – those who believe and are constantly, fearfully conscious (of Allaah).” [Soorah Yoonus, 10:62-63] Of these two characteristics (1-belief, 2-constant, fearful consciousness of Allaah), one occurs in the heart and one upon the limbs. “Those who believe” is in the heart, and “…and are constantly, fearfully conscious (of Allaah)” occurs upon the limbs. So when the heart and limbs are pure and correct, people gain this alliance and companionship by virtue of these two characteristics. However, it is not obtained by those who merely claim to be close companions of Allaah such as those who take the same paths as the monks used to, or those who innovate into the legislation of Allaah that which is foreign to it, claiming, “We are the close ones (Walee) to Allaah!” So this companionship, loyalty, and guardianship from Allaah () which honors the servant is contained within these two great attributes: the true belief (Eemaan11) and the constant, fearful consciousness of Allaah (Taqwaa12). The famous scholar of Islaam, Ibn Taymiyyah, said regarding this verse:
“那些信道并且敬畏(安拉)的人。”[优努斯章,10:63]他说:“凡是真诚的信士,始终敬畏安拉,安拉就会做他的盟友、监护者和同伴。”这是正确的,因为《古兰经》表明了这一点。
“Those who believe and are constantly, fearfully conscious (of Allaah).” [Soorah Yoonus, 10:63] He said, “Whoever is a true believer who constantly remains conscious of Allaah, then Allaah will be an ally, a guardian, and a companion to him.” This is correct because the Qur’aan indicates this.
11 信仰(الإيمان)是对安拉、祂的天使、祂的经典、祂的使者、末日的正确信仰,并相信万事的前定,无论其善与恶。这见于穆斯林圣训集所载的一段圣训(第8条)。信仰还包括心中的确信、舌头上的言说,以及肢体的行为。
11 Eemaan is to have the correct belief in Allaah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in the pre-decree of everything, the good and bad of it. This was reported in a Hadeeth recorded by Muslim (no. 8). Eemaan also consists of a belief in the heart, a statement on the tongue, and actions of the limbs.
12 一位著名的圣门再传弟子塔勒格·伊本·哈比卜(Talq Ibn Habeeb)被问及“太归瓦”(Taqwaa)的含义,他回答道:“太归瓦就是你怀着期望获得安拉的怜悯,依循来自安拉的光明,服从安拉;太归瓦也是你出于敬畏安拉,依循来自安拉的光明,远离对安拉的违抗。”这段传述由伊本·艾比·舍伊白(Ibn Abee Shaybah)记载于《信仰之书》(“Kitaab al-Eemaan”)中(第99条),谢赫阿尔巴尼(Shaykh al-Albaanee)认定其为真实可靠的(sahih)。
12 A famous successor to the Companions, Talq Ibn Habeeb, was asked the meaning of Taqwaa to which he replied, “Taqwaa is that you act in obedience to Allaah hoping for His mercy, upon a light from Allaah; and Taqwaa is that you leave acts of disobedience to Allaah out of fear of Him, upon a light from Allaah.” This narration was reported by Ibn Abee Shaybah in “Kitaab al-Eemaan” (no. 99) and Shaykh al-Albaanee declared it to be authentic.