前言
Preface
当我第一次抵达世界上最大的资本主义国家的土地时,我对美利坚合众国资本主义生产力的强大感到惊叹。那时我还是一个不到16岁的少年,我看到巨大的拖拉机和联合收割机耕作着数百英亩的土地,生产出数吨玉米和大豆谷物;而这一切都由一户人家operate。我看到一位农夫的双手被他耕种的土地磨砺得粗糙,又被土地带来的金钱抚慰得柔软。那时的我没有看到资助这一切运作的银行那只无形的手。我当时看不到任何失败的迹象。
When I first arrived at the land of the largest capitalist nation in the world, I was amazed by the power of capitalism productivity in the United States of America. As a young teenager, less than 16 years old, I saw huge tractors and combines cultivating hundreds of acres and producing tons of corn and soybean grain; all operated by a single family. I saw the hands of a farmer hardened by the land he cultivates and softened by the money his land generates. I did not see then the invisible hands of the banks financing all that operation. I could not see any signs of failure then.
一年后,我的求学命运又把我带到了另一个极端。我抵达了世界上最大的社会主义国家的土地,在接下来的六年里一边学习,一边观察苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟(USSR)的社会主义制度。我记得自己常常不得不排长队购买一样日用食品,可一个小时后却往往因为所等的商品已经售完而大失所望。那种制度撑不了多久,我的直觉这样告诉我。我还记得,想买一本数学或计算机科学的书,就必须先买一份共产主义的出版物作为条件。那种制度也撑不了多久,我能感觉到这一点。
A year later, my education fate flew me to the other extreme. I arrived at the land of the largest socialist nation in the world to spend the next 6 years studying while observing socialism in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). I recall how often I had to stand in line to buy a grocery product, only to be disappointed an hour later because the item I waited for is no longer available. That system would not last; my instincts told me. I recall having to buy a communist publication as a condition for buying a book of math or computer science. That system would not last for long; I felt it.
我记得上学的早晨和放学回家的路上,都得跨过醉倒在路边的人。我记得许多学生从医学院、法学院和工程学院毕业,却从未去上过课;他们要么是政治活动分子,要么是富有的外国留学生。我记得有人必须去做手术,只是为了完成某家医院外科医生的指标计划。我还记得宿舍房间墙上固定着一台老式收音机,它很可能是一台双向无线电。每次我关掉收音机,都会有技术人员出现在我的房间里来修理它,尽管我从未要求过这项服务。那种制度不可能持续太久,这一点我心里很清楚。我的直觉、我的本能判断和简单的分析,在我毕业十年后才得到证实。社会主义崩溃了,苏联于1991年解体。
I recall having to step over people laying drunk in my morning journey to school and on my way back. I recall scores of students graduating from medical, law, and engineering schools without attending classes; they were political activists or rich foreign students. I recall people having to go through surgery only to fulfill the quota plan for the surgeon at a given hospital. I recall the primitive radio fixed on the wall of my dorm room which must have been a two way radio. Every time I disabled the radio, technicians would show up at my room to fix it; although, I never asked for the service; that system could not last for long; I knew it. My guts feelings, my instincts, and simple analysis turned out to be true only 10 years after I graduated. Socialism collapsed and the Soviet Union was dismantled by 1991.
在苏联度过的六年,给了我一生难忘的经历。其一,即使我想,如今也无法再亲身体验社会主义下的生活。最重要的是,我学到了社会主义与资本主义两者的经济原理、政治经济学和社会结构。卡尔·马克思、弗拉基米尔·列宁和弗里德里希·恩格斯的学说,在课程中与数学、物理和工程学科同等重要。 马克思提出、后经列宁进一步发展的历史唯物主义理论认为,资本主义终将消亡,并由社会主义取而代之。然而在现实世界中,社会主义率先垮台,这一观点遭到了彻底的否定。马克思的“剩余价值”理论只在一个意义上是正确的:在资本主义制度下,财富往往集中在少数人手中。但该理论的另一部分内容,即工人和农民这些较贫穷的阶级会为夺回被剥夺的所有权而起义,却从未成为现实。
The 6 years I spent in the Soviet Union gave me an experience of a lifetime. For one thing, I can not experience the life under socialism today even if I want to. Most importantly, I learned the principles of economy, political economy, and social structure of both socialism and capitalism. The teachings of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Friedrich Engels were as important part of the curriculum as the subjects of math, physics, and engineering. The theory of historic materialism developed by Marx and later refined by Lenin suggested that capitalism would fade away only to give rise to socialism. That view was dead beaten in real world when socialism fell first. Marx’s theory of the “surplus value” was correct only in the sense that under capitalism the wealth tends to accumulate in the hands of the few. But the other part of the theory that the poorer classes of workers and farmers would revolt for their stolen rights of ownerships never materialized.
当我第二次、也是更长时间地来到资本主义的国度时,我观察到了第一次来访时作为少年所无法观察到的东西。我第一次来访时所住的那座农场已不再是原来的样子了。几年前曾为其生产提供资金的银行,因我的寄住家庭未能偿还债务,将农场没收抵债。这位勤劳的农夫不仅失去了土地,还失去了他与兄弟们共同拥有的种子公司。我的直觉告诉我,这个制度不会长久。
When I arrived at the land of capitalism for the second but longer period of time, I observed what I could not have observed during my first trip when I was a young boy. The farm I lived in during my first trip was no longer the same. It was confiscated by the bank which, few years earlier had financed its production, in exchange of the debts which my host family failed to pay. The hard working farmer lost his land as well as the seed company he co-owned with his brothers. This system would not last; my instincts told me.
同样的怪物——银行,也吞并了我一位朋友在威斯康星州密尔沃基市所拥有的机械制造厂。我记得这位朋友曾前往我的祖国,试图建立一座工厂,以帮助一个发展中国家实现工业化。我记得这位业主(我的朋友)热情地希望帮助人们获得工作,支持教育,并且他多么厌恶解雇员工。正如资本主义下的其他每一家企业一样,他的企业也归银行所有。通常,资本主义国家的企业都欠下一家或多家银行的债务。我至今仍记得一位投资银行代表对一家小型科技公司业主所说的话:"没有负债,你就无法经营企业。"我那位机械厂业主朋友失去了他的机械车间,那是在资本主义这片土地上,实实在在生产产品的车间。它在生产产品、创造利润的时候,却被银行没收了。银行一度还试图追索我朋友的人寿保险单,作为他们所谓已损失财富的担保!那时我就知道,这个制度不会长久。
The same monster, the bank, swallowed the machine factory owned by one of my friends in the city of Milwaukee in Wisconsin. I recall how my friend traveled to my home country in attempt to setup a factory to help industrialize a developing country. I recall how the owner (my friend) was enthusiastic about helping people get jobs, supporting education, and how much he detested laying people off their jobs. Just like every other business under capitalism, his was owned by the Bank. Typically, businesses in capitalist countries are indebted to one or more banks. I still recall the words of an investing bank representative to the owner of a small technology company “you can not be in businesses without being in debt”. My machine factory owner friend lost his machine shop, the one that produced real products right here in the land of capitalism. It was making products and generating profit when it was confiscated by the bank. The banks for sometime were going after the life insurance policy of my friend as a guarantee for their supposedly lost wealth! I knew then that this system would not last.
在我任职于世界上最大的一家公司期间(当时员工超过16万人),我亲眼目睹了许多最优秀的工程师和技术人员,在裁员的名义下被护送出大楼。第一轮裁员裁掉了五万多个岗位,而当时公司是盈利的,赚了大量的钱。这些裁员被认为是提振公司股价所必需的,而公司的股价也因此飙升到了极高的水平。
During my tenure at one of the largest corporations in the world (more than 160000 employees at the time), I witnessed how scores of the best engineers and technicians were escorted out of the building under the auspices of layoff. The first round of layoffs which eliminated more than 50,000 jobs were done at a time when the company was profitable and making lots of money. The layoffs were necessary to boost the stock prices of the company which have soared over the roof.
我承认,这些都只是一些故事、直觉和“内心的感觉”。那么,如果确实存在失败的迹象,它们在哪里呢?毕竟,资本主义在过去经历过多次衰退、萧条、经济下滑、生产率低迷和企业倒闭,但它总能重新崛起,甚至比以前更强大。那么这一次有什么不同呢?
I admit that these are just stories, instincts, and guts feelings. So where are the signs of failure if there are any? After all, capitalism has gone through several rounds of recessions, depressions, downturns, low productivity and corporate failures in the past. It has always emerged as strong or even stronger. Why is it different this time?
《资本主义的崩溃》一书的第一部分探讨了这一问题,并深入分析了资本主义核心理论中根深蒂固的缺陷,以及若不加以妥善遏制和消除,这些缺陷将如何导致彻底的崩溃。
The first part of this book “The Fall of Capitalism” addresses this question and provides a thorough analysis of the deeply rooted defects in the core theory of capitalism and how these defects can lead to a total collapse, if not properly contained and removed.
在苏联度过的六年,使我的世界观朝另一个方向转变。它们让我认识到伊斯兰教的力量,而在那之前,我对伊斯兰教知之甚少。我出生于穆斯林家庭,因此自幼便是穆斯林。我没有选择成为穆斯林、犹太教徒、基督徒或无神论者的余地。我对伊斯兰教的了解仅限于我在学校学到的或在清真寺里观察到的教义和日常功修。我一踏上共产主义的土地,便感到我信仰的核心受到了挑战。无神论的标语和口号随处可见。信仰真主被视为反动行为,对当地人来说更是违法的。
The six years I spent in the Soviet Union helped shape my world view in another direction. They helped me to discover the power of the religion of Islam, which until that time I knew very little about. I grew up as a Muslim by the virtue of being born to a Muslim family. I had no choice to be a Muslim, a Jew, a Christian or an atheist. My knowledge of Islam was limited to the teachings and daily rituals, which I learned in school or observed in mosques. The moment I stepped foot in the land of communism, I felt the challenge against the core of my beliefs. Signs and slogans of atheism were displayed all over the place. To believe in God was considered a reactionary practice, and for locals was against the law.
第一次在我的一生中,我不得不面对这样一个问题:“真主”是一个现实,还是一种虚构。无神论和共产主义的原则、辩证法与历史唯物主义,以及共产主义的政治经济学,都是我在整个逗留期间所面对的系统性思想改造的一部分。这给我的内心情感以及我从传承中得来的信仰带来了巨大的压力。我很快发现,仅凭情感,再加上对传统的热爱,并不足以维持我的信仰。我面前只有两条路:要么放弃我的信仰,要么证明它是正确的。我选择了第二条路。
For the first time in my life, I had to face the question whether “God” was a reality or a fiction. The principles of atheism and communism, the dialectic and historic materialism, and the communist political economy all were part of a systematic mind cleansing I had to face for the whole period of my stay. This had placed a tremendous pressure on my inner feelings as well as on my inherited belief. I soon discovered that feelings alone coupled with the love for heritage can not sustain my belief. I had one of two options: either surrender my faith or prove it correct. I took the second option.
我对信仰根本理念的探究,使我的信仰更加坚定,这种信仰不仅源于情感,也建立在理性与逻辑之上。在寻找证据的过程中,我发现伊斯兰教不仅为信仰提供了坚实的根基,更重要的是,它为人生提供了完整的结构。凭借证据、论据与知识,我得以与我的共产主义教授们展开对话和辩论。在苏联求学结束时,通过大量的阅读和辩论,我在自己的头脑中逐步形成了伊斯兰意识形态的完整图景。
My investigation of the core ideas underlying the belief in my religion created in me a stronger belief, supported not only be feelings but also by reason and rational. What I discovered through my journey looking for proofs is that Islam not only provides a solid foundation for faith, but most importantly it provides a complete structure for life. Equipped with proofs, evidences, and knowledge I was able to conduct dialogue and debate with my communist professors. By the end of my stay in the Soviet Union, and through extensive readings and arguments, I had convoluted in my own mind the full image of the ideology of Islam.
从苏联回到祖国之后,我认识到并发现了关于伊斯兰教的第二个重大事实。那就是:作为一种意识形态的伊斯兰教,只存在于古籍之中,或存在于少数愿意花费时间、精力并迎接挑战去探寻伊斯兰真相之人的头脑里。从那时起,我参加了全球数以千计的活动、讲座、会议和研讨会,倡导有必要重振伊斯兰教的意识形态体系,并将其落实到现实世界之中。
After returning from the Soviet Union to my home country, I realized and discovered the second major fact about Islam. That was the fact that Islam as an ideology lives only in the heritage books or in the minds of few people who took the time, effort and challenge to discover the reality of Islam. Since then, I participated in thousands of events, lectures, conferences, and seminars worldwide advocating the need to revive the ideological structure of Islam and to install it in the real world.
在苏联毕业三十年后,苏联社会主义崩溃二十年后,世界事务中出现了一种历史现象,即伊斯兰“复兴”以重新扮演普世意识形态的角色。本书《伊斯兰的复兴》的第二部分专门讨论和分析这一现象。
Thirty years after graduating from the Soviet Union, and twenty years after the collapse of the Soviet socialism, a historical phenomenon has been depicted in the world affairs; that is the phenomenon of the “rise of Islam” to resume its role as a universal ideology. The second part of this book “The Rise of Islam” is devoted to the discussion and analysis of this phenomenon.
随着伊斯兰复兴的浪潮兴起,恐怖主义的观念也笼罩了伊斯兰以及其复兴的历史进程。1994年,我受邀前往伦敦一场关于伊斯兰崛起的会议发言,不得不回应人们对伊斯兰与恐怖主义之间联系的担忧。1993年针对世界贸易中心的第一次袭击企图,就被与穆斯林联系在一起。俄克拉荷马联邦大楼的爆炸案,最初也被归咎于一名穆斯林恐怖分子,直到蒂莫西·麦克维(Timothy McVeigh)被定罪。随后,2001年9月11日的灾难性恐怖事件,引发了人们对伊斯兰以及伊斯兰可能崛起的有史以来最严重的恐惧。9·11袭击之后,我的第一场公开讲座题为《伊斯兰视角下的恐怖主义》,我在其中试图证明,作为一种意识形态,伊斯兰并不应为恐怖主义负责;相反,伊斯兰是解决这一骇人听闻的可怕问题的一部分。本书的第三部分《伊斯兰是威胁还是益处》提供了证据,表明实施伊斯兰教有益于人民,对伊斯兰意识形态的恐惧是毫无根据的。
Along with the rising Islam trend, the notion of terrorism had clouded the atmosphere of Islam and the historical movement for its revival. When I was asked to speak at a conference in London in 1994 about the rise of Islam, I had to address the concern people may have regarding the links between Islam and terrorism. The first attempt to blow the world trade center in 1993 had been connected to Muslims. The bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma was first attributed to a Muslim terrorist before Timothy McVeigh was convicted. Then the catastrophic terrorist event of 9/11/2001 spurred the most serious fear ever towards Islam and the potential rise of Islam. My first public lecture after the 9-11 attacks was under the title “The Islamic Perspective on Terrorism,” where I tried to prove that Islam as an ideology is not responsible for terrorism; on the contrary, Islam is part of the solution to this outrageous and horrific problem. The third part of this book “Is Islam a Threat or Benefit” provides evidence that the implementation of Islam is in the benefit of people, and the fear from the Islamic ideology is unfounded.
《资本主义的衰落与伊斯兰的兴起》是一部记载两大重大历史事件的著作,这两件大事正在我们眼前展开,并可能对世界各地民族与国家的生活产生最深远的影响。
“The Fall of capitalism and the Rise of Islam” is a historical record of two major and massive historical events, which are unfolding in front of us today, and may have the greatest impact on the life of peoples and nations around the world.