这一时期始于先知在麦加开始受命为使者，止于先知迁徙到麦地那城。这一时期的启示主要关注建立伊斯兰的思想根基——信仰（ईमान，Eemaan），以便为最初的皈依者们做好准备，去承担在实践中建立伊斯兰社会秩序这一艰巨任务。因此，麦加启示的以下基本主题，都体现了旨在建立对真主信仰的各个方面的原则。

This period starts with the beginning of the prophet hood in Makkah and ends with the Prophets Hijrah (migration) to the city of Madeenah. The revelations of this period were mainly concerned with building the ideological foundation of Islaam, Eemaan (faith), in order to prepare the early band of converts for the difficult task of practically establishing the social order of Islaam. Consequently the following basic topics of the Makkan revelations all reflect one aspect. Or another of principles designed to build faith in God.

大多数麦加人自远古时代起便信奉一位名为“安拉”的至高主宰。然而，他们又增添了许多神明，认为这些神明分享了安拉的部分权能，或充当中介。

Most of the people of Makkan believed in a Supreme Being known by the name “Allaah” from the most ancient of times. However, they had added a host of gods who shared some of Allaah’s powers or acted as intermediaries.

因此,麦加启示宣告了安拉独一的合一性,并指出安拉之外的神灵毫无益处。

Accordingly, Makkan revelations declared Allaah’s unique unity and pointed out that gods besides Allaah are no benefit.

一些早期经文提出了逻辑论证，用来证明真主的存在，针对的是当时少数确实否认真主存在的麦加人。

Some of the early verses presented logical arguments proving the existence of God for the few Makkans who actually denied it.

由于人类无从得知后世的情形，麦加时期的启示生动地描述了后世的奇妙、奥秘与可怖。

Since there was no way for human beings to know about the next life, the Makkan revelations vividly described its wonders, its mysteries and its horrors.

早期麦加章节中常常提到前代文明的历史例证，例如阿德人和赛莫德人，他们因否认对真主所负的义务而被毁灭。这些例证既是为了警告那些拒绝伊斯兰信息的人，也是为了让信士们懂得真主的伟大。

The Makkan verses often mentioned historical examples of earlier civilizations which were destroyed when they denied their obligation to God, like the ‘Aad and the Thamood, in order to warn those who rejected the message of Islaam and to teach the believers about the greatness of Allaah.

由于礼拜（Salaah）与独一主义（Tawheed）之间的紧密关系，礼拜是除了作证词（Tawheed）之外，唯一在麦加确立为伊斯兰教支柱的功修。

Because of the critical relationship between Salaah and Tawheed, Salaah was the only other pillar of Islaam to be legislated in Makkah, besides the declaration of faith (Tawheed).

为了向异教徒的麦加人证明《古兰经》出自真主，麦加时期的一些经文向阿拉伯人发出挑战，要求他们模仿《古兰经》的文体。21

In order to prove to the pagan Makkans that the Qur’aan was from God, some of the Makkan verses challenged the Arabs to imitate the style of the Qur’aan. 21

Hijrah标志着这一时期的开始，先知（s.w.）于公元632年去世则标志着其结束。先知迁往麦地那，伊斯兰教在那里传播开来之后，他被任命为统治者，穆斯林群体也因此成为一个初生的国家。因此，启示主要关注穆斯林国家的组织建设。在这一时期，大部分的伊斯兰教法（Sharee'ah）社会与经济律例也都降示了。 Note: "(s.w.)" is kept as the user's original abbreviation, per the rules. Since the honorific ﷺ must follow every mention of the Prophet, the correct rendering is: Hijrah标志着这一时期的开始，先知ﷺ于公元632年去世则标志着其结束。先知ﷺ迁往麦地那，伊斯兰教在那里传播开来之后，他ﷺ被任命为统治者，穆斯林群体也因此成为一个初生的国家。因此，启示主要关注穆斯林国家的组织建设。在这一时期，大部分的伊斯兰教法（Sharee'ah）社会与经济律例也都降示了。

The Hijrah marks the beginning of this period and the death of the Prophet (s.w.) in 632 CE marks the end. After the Prophet’s migration to Madeenah and the spread of Islaam there, he was appointed as the rular, and the Muslim community became a fledgling state. Thus, revelation was concerned primarily with the organization of the Muslim State. And it was during this period that the majority of the social and economic laws of the Sharee’ah were revealed.

在这一时期降示的启示，也巩固了麦加时期所奠定的信仰（伊玛尼）与独一真主（Tawheed）的根基。然而，麦地那启示的大部分后续基本主题，则集中于建立伊斯兰民族所必需的律法。

Revelations during this period also strengthened the foundations of Eemaan and Tawheed, which were established during the Makkan period. However, most of the following basic topics of the Madeenan revelations concentrate on the laws necessary for the development of an Islamic nation.

在麦地那时期，伊斯兰教的最后三项功修得以启示，同时还颁布了禁止饮酒、食猪肉和赌博的规定，并确立了通奸的刑罚；谋杀与盗窃的刑罚也得到了确定。

It was during the Madeenan period that the last three pillars of Islaam were revealed, as well as the prohibition of intoxicants, pork, gambling, and the punishments for adultery; murder and theft were fixed.

在麦加时期，穆斯林被禁止拿起武器对抗压迫他们的麦加人，目的是避免他们遭到灭绝，并培养他们的忍耐力。与敌人作战的权利以及战争的规则，是在穆斯林人数大幅增加之后，于麦地那降示的。

During the Makkan period, Muslim were forbidden to take up arms against the Makkans who were oppressing them, in order to avoid their decimation and to develop their patience. The right to fight against the enemy as well as the rules of war was revealed in Madeenah after the numbers of Muslims had dramatically increased.

在麦地那,穆斯林首次大规模接触犹太人,并与基督教徒有了广泛的交往。因此,麦地那时期的一些经文谈及了犹太人提出的问题,他们意图使先知ﷺ困惑,并借此诋毁伊斯兰教。这些经文还阐明了与基督教徒和犹太人结成政治同盟的律例,以及允许与他们通婚的律例。

In Madeenah, Muslims came in contact with Jews for the first time and with Christians on a large scale. Thus, a number of Madeenan verses tackled questions, which were raised by the Jews in order to befuddle the Prophet (s.w.) and discredit Islaam. The verses also outlined laws concerning political alliances with Christians and Jews, as well as laws permitting marriage with them.

自从最后的启示降临以来，这是第一次有人在并不真正相信伊斯兰的情况下进入伊斯兰教的范围。一些人入教是为了从内部摧毁它，因为穆斯林力量强大，他们无法公开反对；另一些人则是入教后不久便又退出，目的是动摇信士的信仰。因此，麦地那时期的一些经文揭露了他们的阴谋并予以警告，另一些经文则为有关叛教者的律法奠定了基础。22

For the first time since the beginning of the final message, people began to enter the fold of Islaam without really believing in it. Some entered Islaam to try to destroy it from within because Muslims were strong and they could not openly oppose them, while others entered and exited shortly thereafter in order to shake the faith of the believers. Consequently, some Madeenan verses exposed their plots and warned against them, while others laid the foundations for the laws concerning apostates.22

《古兰经》所包含的全部信息，总体而言，可以归为三类，即：

The body of information contained in the Qur’aan, as a whole, may be grouped under three headings with regards to

他们所涉及的研究领域：

the fields of study to which they are related:

首先：与信仰真主、祂的天使、祂的经典、祂的使者以及后世之事相关的内容。这些主题属于神学（即教义学，亦称“卡拉姆学”或“阿奇目德学”）的研究范畴。

First: Information related to Belief in God, His angels, His scriptures His prophets, and the affairs of the next life. These topics are covered within the field of study known as theology (‘Ilm al-Kalaam of al-‘Aqeedah)

第二：与心灵和灵魂的行为相关的信息，以及旨在培养高尚品格的道德原则和行为准则。这些领域构成了被称为伦理学（'Ilm al-Akhlaq）的道德学科。

Second: Information related to deeds of the heart and soul, and moral principles and rules of conduct aimed at the development of nobility of character. These areas represent the field of moral science known as ethics (‘Ilm al-Akhlaq).

第三类：与肢体行为相关的信息，包含在命令、禁止与选择的规定之中。这一类构成了法学的领域。(23)

Third: Information related to deeds of the limbs and contained within a body of commandments, prohibitions and choices. This group represents the field of law. (23)