学者们在运用类比推理（Qiyaas）时所采取的不同方法，或许是他们之间分歧最大的来源。有些人通过为其使用设定若干前提条件来缩小类比的适用范围，另一些人则扩大了它的适用范围。

The various approaches which jurists took in their application of Qiyaas were perhaps the largest source of defferences among them. Some narrowed down the scope of Qiyaas by setting a number of preconditions for its use, while others expanded its scope.

由于这一原则在很大程度上基于个人见解，而非其他原则那样有明确的依据，因此没有硬性规则来约束它，从而产生了广泛的分歧。182

Because this principle was based on opinion to a greater extent than any of the others, there were no hard and fast rules with which to contain it, and thus a wide range of differences developed.182

由于对经文理解的差异，产生了不同的裁决，而这些理解上的差异又源于词义（共用义、字面义和比喻义）以及语法结构（例如“Qur’”、“Lams”和“elaa”）的不同。

1. Varying rulings arose from differences in interpretation which were themselves attributable to variations in word meanings (shared, literal and figurative) and grammatical constructions (e.g. Qur’, Lams and elaa).

2. 在运用圣训时，法律裁决的差异产生于圣训的可得程度、其真实性、接受圣训所设定的条件，以及解决文本冲突的方法。

2. In the application of Hadeeths, a variation of legal rulings occurred depending on the degree of availability of the Hadeeths, their authenticity, the conditions imposed for their acceptance and the methods of resolving textual conflicts.

3. 一些伊玛目发展出某些次要的法学原则，并据此作出裁定。这些原则和裁定都被其他伊玛目所否定（例如伊斯提哈桑［istihsaan］和麦地那人的伊查玛尔［ijmaa’］）。

3. Some Imaams evolved certain secondary legal principles and made rulings based on them. Both the priciples and the rulings were rejected by other Imaams (e.g. Istihsaan and Ijmaa’ of the Madeenates).

4. 第二项原则，即类比推理（Qiyaas），普遍获得认可，但各位伊玛目在其推论程序所遵循的规则上存在分歧，因此他们对相似问题的裁决也有所不同。

4. The secondary principle of Qiyaas was generally accepted, but the rules governing its deductive procedures varied among Imaams, resulting in a variation in their rulings on similar issues.