这一阶段是正统哈里发时代和主要圣门弟子（穆圣ﷺ的同伴）的时代。它从艾布·伯克尔的哈里发任期（公元632-634年）延续，伊斯兰国家在这一阶段的前二十年迅速扩张，囊括了叙利亚、约旦、埃及、伊拉克和波斯。于是，穆斯林突然与全新的制度、文化和行为模式接触，而沙里亚的法律中找不到针对这些情况的具体规定。为应对众多新问题，正统哈里发们大量依赖公议（Ijmaa'）以及伊istihaad（独立判断，Ijtihaad）的裁决，而他们是在穆圣ﷺ迁往麦地那后、与其相处期间，受到穆圣ﷺ这方面培养的。在广泛运用公议和独立判断的过程中，这些哈里发确立了一些程序，这些程序后来成为伊斯兰立法即教法（Fiqh）的基础。

This stage represents the era of the Righteous Caliphs94 and the major Sahaabah (companions of the Prophet (s.w.). It extends from the caliphate of Abu Bakr (632-634CE) to the Islamic state were rapidly expanded during the first twenty years of this stage to include Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, and Persia. Thus, Muslims were suddenly brought into contact with totally new systems, cultures, and patterns of behavior for which specific provision was not to be found in the laws of Sharee’ah. To deal with the numerous new problems, the Righteous Caliphs relied heavily on decisions by consensus (Ijmaa’) as well as Ijtihaad, in which they had been trained by the Prophet (s.w.) while they were with him after his migration to Madeenah. In the course of their extensive use of Ijmaa’ and Ijtihaad, these caliphs established procedures which later became the basis for legislation in Islaam, that is Fiqh.

在本节中，我们将较为详细地考察四大正统哈里发所确立的问题解决程序，以及个别圣门弟子在进行推论时所采用的一般方法。我们还将尝试说明，为何这一时期相对而言没有后来各个时期那种派别纷争，并指出这一时期伊斯兰教法学（Fiqh）的若干特点，其中一些与后来的发展形成了鲜明对比。