第八节 实践的原则
8 The Principle of Practice
保存圣训的第二种方法被称为"实践原则"。这是保存圣训最有力的体系,在历史记载中既前所未有,也无与伦比。非穆斯林绝无可能想象,圣门弟子的实践如何滋养了圣先知(愿主赐福并使其平安)的每一项圣行。事实上,即便是当今大多数穆斯林,也难以理解圣门弟子对圣先知(愿主赐福并使其平安)的爱,他们对先知个人生活习惯的遵循,以及他们与圣先知(愿主赐福并使其平安)之间独特的关系。人类历史上从未出现过像圣门弟子这样伟大的典范。乌鲁厄·伊本·麦斯欧德·赛给斐当时尚未皈依伊斯兰。在侯代比亚和约中,他密切观察圣门弟子,最终说道:
The second method of preservation is called the “principle of practice.” This is the most powerful system of preservation of aúódõth, and it is both unprecedented and unrivaled in the annals of history. A non- Muslim could never even imagine how the practices of the Sahaba nurtured each and every Sunna of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). In fact, even most of the Muslims of today cannot understand the love of the Sahaba for the Blessed Prophet (PBUH), their adherence to his personal habits or the unique relationship between them and the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). Never in history has mankind seen an example as great as the Sahaba. ‘Urwa ibn Masud Thaqafi had not yet embraced Islam. In the treaty of Hudaibiya he closely observed the Sahaba and finally said:
哦,世人!我曾多次出入列王的宫廷,亲眼见过罗马的皇帝、波斯的国王和阿比西尼亚的奈贾什。但以真主发誓(SWTH),我从未见过哪一个民族像穆罕默德的同伴敬爱他那样敬爱自己的君主。以真主发誓(SWT),他若吐一口唾沫,还未落地,就会被某位同伴接住,抹在自己的手上、脸上和身上。他一发号令,同伴们便争先恐后地去执行。他做小净时,同伴们争相接取滴落的水滴。他说话时,他们压低声音。他们因敬畏他,不敢直视他的面容。29
Oh people! I have visited the courts of kings on many occasions. I have come face to face with the emperor of Rome, the king of Persia and Negus of Abyssinia, but by Allah (SWTH) I have not seen a people revere their king the way I saw the Companions of Muúammad (PBUH) revere him. By Allah (SWTH), if he as much as spits, it is rubbed on the hands, face and body of one of the Companions before it hits the ground. He does not order but they run to fulfill it. He performs ablution and the Companions compete with each other to take the dripping water. When he talks, they quell their voices. They cannot look at him fully out of awe for him.29
安纳斯传述说:"我看见先知(愿主福安之)在一碗咖喱中寻找南瓜块。从那天起,我就喜欢上了南瓜。"30
Anas relates, “I saw the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) searching for pieces of squash in a bowl of curry. From that day on, I loved squash.”30
安斯是先知的圣门弟子之一。他对先知ﷺ的爱促使他也喜爱南瓜。如果他在得知先知ﷺ喜欢南瓜之后仍不喜欢它,那么圣门弟子与先知ﷺ之间就仍会存在某种差异。但对于圣门弟子而言,一旦某件事确立了圣行,就不存在个人好恶的问题。
Anas was a Sahabi of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH); his love for the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) compelled him to also love squash. If he did not love squash after knowing that the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) liked it, then some difference would remain between the Sahabi and the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). But there was no question for the Companions, of their own likes or dislikes once a Sunna was established in any matter.
由于对尊贵的先知(PBUH)怀有深切的爱,圣门弟子保存了先知()一生的每一个方面:他的敬拜、饮食、睡眠、工作等等。在圣门弟子的时代,除了遵循圣道(Sunna)的方式之外,任何事情都没有其他做法。圣门弟子热爱并遵从先知(PBUH)圣道的例子,在圣训中有成千上万的记载。事实上,所有的圣训都是圣门弟子热爱先知(PBUH)的体现。
Because of their deep love for the Blessed Prophet (PBUH), the Sahaba preserved every aspect of the Blessed Prophet’s () life; his worship, the way he ate, slept, worked, etc. In the time of the Sahaba, there was no other way of doing anything except the way of the Sunna. Thousands of such examples of the devotion of the Sahaba for the Sunna of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) are narrated in Ahadith. In fact, all Ahadith are a manifestation of the love of the Sahaba for the Blessed Prophet (PBUH).