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9 Documentation
第三种保存方式是将圣训形诸文字。有人认为圣训是在第三世纪才开始成文的,但另一些更为可靠的学者则认为,圣训的成文始于第一世纪。若深入探讨这一问题,我们会发现,圣训甚至在先知穆罕默德ﷺ及其圣门弟子在世时就已被记录下来。在先知ﷺ在世时与他去世后的记录之间,区别在于:并非人人都被允许在他生前记录圣训。获准记录的人,是经先知ﷺ本人许可而书写圣训的。然而,在他生命的最后阶段,先知ﷺ解除了这一限制,允许所有人记录他的圣训。他说:“你们写吧!这没有妨碍。”[31] 他还曾说:“以书写来保存知识。”[32]
The third method of preservation is the written documentation of the Ahadith. Some people believe that Ahadith were first documented in the third century, while other more reliable scholars hold the view that documentation of Ahadith began in the first century. If we go deeper into this matter, we will find that that the Ahadith were even written during the time of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) and his Sahaba. The difference between the recording of Ahadith in the time of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) and those written after he passed away was that not everyone was allowed to note down the Ahadith in his lifetime. The ones who were allowed wrote the Ahadith with the permission of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) himself. However, during the end of his life, the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) abrogated this restriction and gave permission for everyone to write his Ahadith. He said, “Write! There is no harm.”31 Once he said, “Preserve knowledge by writing it.”32.
‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As 说,先知(愿主赐他平安)对他说:“要保存知识。”
‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As said that the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) told him, “Preserve the knowledge.”.
他回答道:"我该如何保存它?"
He replied, “How should I preserve it?”.
他说:“通过书写。”33.
He said, “By writing it.”33.
正因如此,许多圣训集在先知(愿主福安之)在世时就已编纂成书。例如,‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As 曾将先知(愿主福安之)的所有圣训记录下来,编成《al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa》(《真实的经卷》)。他本人曾说:
This is why many collections of Ahadith were compiled during the lifetime of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). For example, there is the al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa [The Authentic Scroll] in which ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘As wrote all the Ahadith of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH). He himself said:
我把我从圣先知(愿主赐福他并使他平安)那里听到的都记了下来,并且背诵下来。古来氏族中有些人劝阻我记录圣训。他们说:“你连从先知那里听到的每一句话都要写下来吗?他也是个人,有时会开玩笑,有时也会发怒,就像其他人一样。”
I wrote whatever I heard from the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) and memorized it. Some members of Quraish discouraged me from recording the Ahadith. They said, “Do you write whatever you hear from the Prophet? He is a man; sometimes he jokes and sometimes he gets angry like any other person.”.
他们的意思是,尊贵的先知(愿主福安之)有时可能会发怒或开玩笑,说出他并不打算说的话,因此人不应把他所说的每一句话都记录下来。阿卜杜拉·本·阿慕尔·本·阿绥(‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-As)将此事禀告给尊贵的先知(愿主福安之)。先知(愿主福安之)指着自己的嘴唇说:“我指着让我的生命掌握在其手中的真主(SWTH)发誓,从这两片嘴唇中出来的,只有真理(Haqq)。”34
What they meant was that the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) may get angry or joke and say what he did not mean to say, therefore one should not write down everything he says. ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-As brought this to the Blessed Prophet’s (PBUH) attention. The Blessed Prophet (PBUH) pointed to his lips and said, “I swear in the name of Allah (SWTH), in whose hands is my life, that nothing but truth [Haqq] comes from these two lips.”34
这明确证明了先知(愿主赐福并使其平安)的每一句话都是真理,且都应当被记录成文字。为了执行这一命令,阿卜杜拉·本·阿慕尔·本·阿斯搜集了大量圣训,编成一部书,并恰当地将其命名为《真实的篇章》(al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa)。
This was clear proof that every word of the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) was the truth and that all of it should be put to paper. To fulfill this order, ‘Abd Allóh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-As compiled a large selection of Ahadith into a book which he appropriately titled al-Sahifat al-Sadiqa.