在我们的时代，伊斯兰知识极其匮乏，以至于社区里的伊玛目们也不熟悉曾在圣训领域执掌牛耳的各位圣训学家，更不用说普通穆斯林了。许多自称“圣训学家”的人，以及自称“圣训派”[ahl al-hadith]的人，对大多数圣训集的名称和编纂这些典籍的伟大圣训学家的生平完全一无所知。以下是对一些最伟大的圣训学家的简要介绍。

In our times, the dearth of Islamic knowledge is so severe that even the imams of our communities are not familiar with the different hadīth masters who reigned in the field of ahadith, let alone common Muslims. Many self-proclaimed “hadīth masters” and others who call themselves the “people of hadīth” [ahl al-hadith] are completely ignorant of the names of most of the hadīth books and the biographies of the great hadīth masters who compiled them. Below is a brief introduction to some of the greatest hadīth masters.

他名叫穆罕默德·伊本·伊斯马仪，于194年（公元810年）沙瓦鲁月的13日或16日出生于布哈拉，那天是星期五，时间在阿sr礼拜之后。他出生之前，父亲便已去世。伊玛目布哈里幼年时双目失明，但他母亲虔诚的祈祷与祈求蒙受了回应，他的视力得以恢复。此后，他终其一生不断求取知识。

He was Muhammad ibn Isma’il and was born in Bukhara on the 13 or 16 of Shawwal, 194/c 810 on Friday after ‘Asr. His father died before he was born. Imam Bukhari became blind in childhood but his mothers ardent prayers and du‘as bore their fruit, and his eyesight was returned. After this, he sought knowledge until the end of his life.

伊玛目布哈里撰写了许多著作，其中最著名的是《圣训实录》（《布哈里圣训实录》）。该书的原名为《Al-Jami‘ al-Sahih al-Musnad al-Mukhtasar min Umur Rasul Allah Salla Allahu ‘alaihi wa Sallam》ﷺ。

Imam Bukhari wrote many books including the renowned collection Sahih al-Bukhari. The original name given to Sahih al-Bukhari was, al-Jami‘ al-Sahih al-Musnad al-Mukhtasar min Umur Rasul Allah Salla Allahu ‘alaihi wa Sallam.

《صحيح البخاري》在学术上和历史上被公认为仅次于《古兰经》最可靠的一部典籍。伊玛目布哈里在将任何圣训录入其书之前，都会沐浴并进行istikhara（求吉祈祷）。如果他在istikhara之后感到安心，便将该圣训收入书中；否则，便予以舍弃。《圣训实录》的编纂是他历经十六年严谨研究的成果。当真主（SWTH）本人已使他的名字永垂于过去、现在和未来的各代人之中时，我们还能给予伊玛目布哈里怎样的赞美呢？因此，不再多言，我们就此搁下对他卓越与虔诚的论述。

Sahih al-Bukhari is regarded as the most authentic book after the Qur’an, academically and historically. Imam Bukhari was known to bathe and perform istikhara44 before recording any hadīth into his book. If he felt positively after the istikhara, he admitted the hadīth into his book; otherwise, he rejected it. The compilation of Sahih al-Bukhari was the fruit of sixteen years of meticulous research. What praise can we bestow on Imam Bukhari when Allah (SWTH) Himself has immortalized his name for past, present and future generations. So without mentioning another word, we lay the subject of his excellence and piety to rest.

不幸的是,伊斯兰历史上最令人悲伤的事实之一是,真正的伊斯兰学者和真诚的安拉仆人,总是遭受敌人的迫害。布哈里伊玛目的敌人骚扰他,以至于他被迫祈祷说:“安拉啊(SWTH),大地虽然广阔,对我却已变得狭窄。求你把我接回你的居所。”布哈里伊玛目于公元256年(约公元870年)开斋节前夕在撒马尔罕去世,享年六十二岁。

Unfortunately, one of the saddest facts in the history of Islam is that the true scholars of Islam and sincere servants of Allah (SWTH) always suffered at the hands of their foes. The foes of Imam Bukhari harassed him until he was forced to pray, “O Allah (SWTH), this earth has become narrow for me despite its vastness. Take me to your abode.” Imam Bukhari died in Samarqand on the eve of Eid al-Fitr in 256/c870 at the age of sixty two.

他名叫穆斯林·伊本·哈贾只,但以其别号阿布·哈桑而广为人知。伊玛目穆斯林出生于伊朗的内沙布尔,时间为伊历204年(约公元820年)或206年(约公元822年)。他著作颇丰,但最为人所知的是他的《穆斯林圣训实录》。据说伊玛目穆斯林一生从不说人闲话,也从不诋毁任何人。穆斯林在圣训学者中极受欢迎,以至于有些学者竟将其置于布哈里之上;然而,大多数圣训学者将穆斯林排在布哈里之下。值得一提的是,《穆斯林圣训实录》中各小章节的标题并非伊玛目穆斯林所写,而是伊玛目纳瓦维所加。

He was Muslim ibn hajjaj, but was known by his agnomen, Abu al-hasan. Imam Muslim was born in Naishabur, Iran, in either 204/c820 or 206/c822. Though he authored many books, he is most recognized for his Sahīh al-Muslim. It is said that Imam Muslim would never backbite, nor did he speak ill of anyone throughout his life. Muslim became so popular amongst the hadīth masters that some scholars actually put it above Bukhari; however, most hadīth masters rank Muslim below Bukhari. It is worth mentioning that the headings of the sub-chapters in Muslim are not written by Imam Muslim but by Imam Nawawi.

伊玛目穆斯林于公元875年即伊历261年去世。许多人说，他的死因源于一次有人向他询问某段圣训。他急于找到那段圣训，回到家后便立即开始查找。在研究期间，他感到饥饿，便在身旁放了一篮枣子。每隔一会儿，他就从篮中拿一颗枣，然后继续寻找圣训。最终，他在不知不觉中吃了太多枣子，以致因此去世。

Imam Muslim died in 261/c875. Many say that the cause of death came after someone once asked him about a hadīth. He was so eager to find the hadīth that he searched for it immediately after returning home. During his research, he became hungry and kept a basketful of dates next to him. Every little while he picked a date from the basket and continued looking for the hadīth. Ultimately, he unknowingly ate so many dates that it became the cause of his death.

他是马立克·本·艾奈斯·本·马立克·本·艾比·阿米尔，его别号是艾布·阿卜杜拉。他于93年（约公元712年）出生在神圣的城市麦地那，并一生都居住在那里。他被尊称为“迁徙之地的伊玛目”。他自出生起便与众不同，因为他的母亲怀他三年后才将他生下。他的曾祖父是其家族中第一个接受伊斯兰教的人。当时，他的曾祖父居住在也门，后来迁居到了麦地那。

He was Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn Abi ‘Amir and his agnomen was Abu ‘Abd Allah. He was born in 93/c712 in the blessed city of Madina and lived there his entire life. He was honored with the title, “imam of the place of migration.” He was exceptional from birth as his mother bore him after carrying him in her womb for three years. His great grandfather was the first in his family to accept Islam. At the time, his great-grandfather lived in Yemen and later migrated to Madina.

伊玛目马立克求知的渴望从幼年就开始了。他的家境非常贫困，以至于一度不得不拆开屋顶，收集木椽去卖以维持生计。然而，即便在那样的时期，伊玛目马立克仍然孜孜不倦地追求宗教知识。他极其聪慧，天生拥有过目不忘的记忆力。据说他读过的东西，从不会忘记。他对先知穆罕默德ﷺ的爱也堪称典范。有一次，他正在讲授圣训，一只蝎子蜇了他十七次，但他仍继续讲课，没有因为对圣训的尊重而离开他的座位。

Imam Malik’s thirst for knowledge began at an early age. His family was so poor that that they were once forced to tear open the ceiling of their house, collect the wooden beams and sell them to survive. However, during that time Imam Malik vigorously pursued the knowledge of din. He was highly intelligent and was gifted with a photographic memory. It is said that once he read something he never forgot it. His love for the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) was also exemplary. Once, while he was teaching hadīth, a scorpion stung him seventeen times, but he continued teaching and did not move from his spot out of respect for the hadīth.

他的这部著作是一部关于圣训的杰作。除了《阿布·哈尼法伊玛目的圣训集》（由与马立克伊玛目同时代的阿布·哈尼法伊玛目编纂）之外，圣训学者们都将他的这部著作视为所有真实圣训汇编的基石。他于伊历179年，即公元795年的拉比尔·额卧鲁月十一日去世，享年八十六岁，葬于麦地那的白غي尔公墓。

His book was a masterpiece on hadīth. Aside from Musnad Imam Abī hanīfa [compiled by Imam Abu hanīfa, a contemporary of Imam Malik], the hadīth masters take his book as the cornerstone of all compilations of authentic ahadith. He died on the 11th of Rabī‘ al-Awwal in 179/c795 at the age of eighty-six and was buried in Jannat al-Baqī‘ in Madina.

他名叫穆罕默德·本·尔撒，别名艾布·尔撒。他约生于公元209年（即825年左右），出生于巴尔赫地区的提尔米兹城，因此被称为提尔米兹者（Tirmidhī）。伊玛目提尔米兹拥有出众的记忆力和虔诚的品德。他因过度哭泣而失明。他是伊玛目布哈里最受器重的学生之一，不过他在教法学上遵循伊玛目沙斐仪的学说，并且不接受伊玛目布哈里的某些裁决。

He was Muhammud ibn ‘ösa and his agnomen was Abu ‘ösa. Born in approximately 209/c825, he was from the city of Tirmidh in Balkh, hence his attribution, Tirmidhī. Imam Tirmidhī was blessed with an outstanding memory and piety. He became blind due to excessive weeping. He was one of the most favored students of Imam Bukhari, though he was a follower of Imam Shafi‘ī in fiqh and did not accept the rulings of Imam Bukhari.

事实上，令人惊讶的是，他在《提尔米兹圣训集》中引用了其他所有学者的观点，却从未引用甚至提及他的老师伊玛目布哈里。每段圣训之后，伊玛目提尔米兹都会注明该圣训的等级，然后叙述学者们从该圣训中推导出的裁决。他还经常引用与该主题相关的其他圣训。关于他的这部著作，伊玛目提尔米兹曾说：“谁家中藏有这部书，谁家中就有一位在说话的先知。”

In fact, it is amazing that he quotes all the other jurists in his book Sunan al-Tirmidhī, but never quotes or even mentions his teacher Imam Bukhari. After every hadīth, Imam Tirmidhī notes the grade of the hadīth and then narrates the rulings the imams derive from that hadīth. He frequently gave reference to other ahadith related to that subject. Regarding his book, Imam Tirmidhī said, “Whosoever has this book in his house has the prophet who speaks in his house.”.

伊姆兰·本·阿兰说："伊玛目布哈里去世时，在知识和虔诚方面，没有留下比艾卜·尔萨更好的人来接替他的位置。"伊玛目提尔米兹以279年（约公元892年）去世。

Imran ibn ‘Allan says, “Imam Bukhari died leaving no better person behind than Abu ‘ösa in his place in knowledge and piety.” Imam Tirmidhī died in 279/c892.

他名叫苏莱曼·本·阿什阿特，别号艾布·达乌德。他生于公元817年（伊历202年）左右，出身于呼罗珊省附近的锡斯坦城。作为伊玛目艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒的虔诚弟子，伊玛目艾布·达乌德遵循其老师的教法学派。伊玛目艾布·达乌德以谦逊和朴素著称。伊玛目艾布·哈提姆说："伊玛目艾布·达乌德在学识、保存与记忆、理解力、虔敬和审慎方面，都是当时世上的伊玛目。"安拉（SWTH）对他著作的接纳，体现在乌玛对该书的普遍认可上。伊玛目艾布·达乌德卒于公元888年（伊历275年）左右。

He was Sulaiman ibn Ash‘ath and his agnomen was Abu Dawud. Born in 202/c817, he was from the city of Sīstan near the province of Khurasan. A devoted student of Imam Ahmad ibn hanbal, Imam Abu Dawud followed the madhhab [school] of his teacher. Imam Abu Dawud was known for his humility and simplicity. Imam Abu hatim says, “Imam Abu Dawud was the imam of the world in his knowledge, preservation and memorization, understanding, piety and his judiciousness.” Allah’s (SWTH) acceptance of his book is evidenced by its acceptance in the umma. Imam Abu Dawud died in 275/c888.

他的名字是艾哈迈德·本·舒艾卜·本·阿里·纳萨仪，他的别号是阿布·阿卜杜·拉赫曼。他是反对异端创新（bid‘a）者的一把出鞘之剑。据说他一生都像达五德那样隔日斋戒。他遵循沙斐仪学派，但也有人说他遵循的是艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒学派。纳萨仪大师于303年（约公元915年）去世。

His name was Ahmad ibn Shu‘aib ibn ‘Ali al-Nisa’ī and his agnomen was Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman. He was an unsheathed sword against the people of innovation [bid‘a]. It is said that he fasted every other day throughout his life as Dawud did. He followed the madhhab of Imam Shafi‘ī, though others say he followed the madhhab of Imam Ahmad ibn hanbal. Imam Nisa’ī died in 303/c915.

他名叫穆罕默德·本·叶齐德,别名阿布·阿卜杜拉。他母亲名叫马贾,因此他被称为伊本·马贾。他于公元209年(约公元824年)出生于伊朗的卡兹温。所有圣训学者都称赞伊本·马贾《圣训集》的编排极为精妙,且其中圣训没有重复。与"六大圣训集"中的其他五部不同,伊本·马贾《圣训集》中的许多圣训为该书独有,在其他五部中都找不到。

He was Muhammad ibn Yazīd and his agnomen was Abu ‘Abd Allah. His mother’s name was Maja, which is how he came to be known as Ibn Maja. He was born in 209/c824 in Qazwīn, Iran. All the hadīth masters laud the superb organization of the ahadith in Ibn Maja and also that it is devoid of repetitiveness in ahadith. Unlike the other five books of al-Sihah al-Sitta, many of the ahadith in Ibn Maja are exclusive to Ibn Maja and cannot be found in any of the other five books.

伊玛目艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒以其教法学派而闻名。他的全名是艾哈迈德·本·穆罕默德·本·罕百勒，绰号为艾布·阿卜杜拉。他于164年（约公元780年）生于巴格达，被尊称为“逊奈派（Ahl al-Sunna，即逊奈的追随者）的伊玛目”。他虔诚而自律，不慕世俗，一心向道。他因反对穆尔太齐赖派（理性主义者，其学说在当时的阿拔斯哈里发统治下是官方教义）关于《古兰经》是否为受造物的主张，而遭到监禁和拷打。他坚韧不拔，耐心忍受了阿拔斯哈里发的迫害。通过他的牺牲，安拉（SWT）使乌玛免于一场危险的威胁。他的著作《艾哈迈德圣训集》（Musnad Ahmad）是一部引人入胜的圣训集，他共收集了四万多段圣训。伊玛目艾哈迈德·本·罕百勒于241年（约公元855年）去世。

Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal is famous for his madhhab. His name was Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn hanbal and his agnomen was Abu ‘Abd Allah. Born in Baghdad in 164/c780, he is given the title of “imam of the Ahl al-Sunna” [People of the Sunna]. He was pious and austere; one who had nothing to do with the world. He was imprisoned and tortured for challenging the Rationalists [Mu‘tazilas] [whose doctrine was the official dogma of the ‘Abbasid king at the time] on the doctrine of whether the Qur’an is a creation or not. He persevered and endured the persecutions of the ‘Abbasid king patiently. Through his sacrifices, Allah (SWTH) saved the umma from a dangerous threat. His book, Musnad Ahmad, is a fascinating collection of ahadith in which he compiled over 40,000 ahadith. Imam Ahmad ibn hanbal passed away in 241/c855.

他的名字是阿卜杜拉·本·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼·达里米，他的绰号是艾布·穆罕默德。他生于181年（约公元797年），出生于撒马尔罕。伊玛目穆斯林和伊玛目奈萨仪都是他的学生。他的著作《达里米圣训集》（Sunan al-Darimī）是最重要的圣训书籍之一。他卒于255年（约公元869年）。

He was ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Darimī and his agnomen was Abu Muhammad. Born in 181/c797 in Samarqand, Imam Muslim and Imam Nisa’ī were both his students. His book, Sunan al-Darimī, is one of the most important books of hadīth. He passed away in 255/c869.

他是艾哈迈德·伊本·侯赛因·拜哈各ī（Ahmad ibn husain Baihaqī），his kunya（尊称）是艾布·伯克尔（Abu Bakr）。他生于384年（约公元994年），著有许多重要著作，其中最负盛名的是《拜哈各ī圣训集》（Sunan al-Baihaqī）。他遵循沙斐仪法学派。他卒于456年（约公元1064年），葬于伊朗的内沙布尔。

He was Ahmad ibn husain Baihaqī and his agnomen was Abu Bakr. He was born in 384/c994 and authored many great books, the most acclaimed being Sunan al-Baihaqī. He followed the Shafi‘ī school of fiqh. He died in 456/c1064 in Naishabur, Iran.

他名为“阿卜杜勒-拉赫曼·本·阿里”，绰号为“艾卜·法拉吉”，不过他以“伊本·贾乌齐”之名广为人知。他生于公元1123年（伊历517年）左右，出生地为巴格达。他在伊斯兰学术的多个领域都是大师，并且天赋异禀，才智敏锐。他的著名作品中有一部是关于伪造圣训的汇编，不过他在评判圣训时态度严格。伊玛目伊本·贾乌齐于公元1200年（伊历597年）左右去世。

He was ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ali and his agnomen was Abu al- Faraj, though he became famous by the name Ibn al-Jauzī. He was born in 517/c1123 in Baghdad. He was a master in many of the different fields of Islamic sciences and was blessed with a penetrating intellect. Amongst his famous works is his collection of fabricated ahadith, though he was harsh in his judgment of the ahadith. Imam Ibn Jauzī passed away in 597/c1200.

他生于544年(公元1149年)，地点在底格里斯河岸边的伊本·欧麦尔岛上。他就圣训学科写过许多著作。《奈海耶·fi·加里布·哈迪斯》是一部优秀的五卷本著作，而著名的《贾米尔·乌苏尔》则是汇集布哈里、穆斯林、艾布·达乌德、《穆宛塔》和奈萨仪所辑圣训的十二卷本著作。他因决断能力和渊博学识而深受国王及其大臣的器重，他们常就重大事务向他征询意见。他在晚年时瘫痪了。国王和大臣们亲自过问他的治疗，但毫无效果。有一人来到他面前说："我的疗法总是有效的；等您康复之后再付我钱。"于是他开始为这位长老治疗，长老果然开始显出康复的迹象。

He was born in 544/c1149 on the island of Ibn ‘Umar along the bank of the Tigris River. He wrote many books on the subject of ahadith. Al-Nihaya fī Gharīb al-hadīth is an excellent book in five volumes while the famous, Jami‘ al-Usul is a collection of ahadith from Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Muwatta’ and Nisa’ī which consists of twelve volumes. Highly favored by the king and his ministers for his decision-making capabilities and for his vast store of knowledge, he was often consulted by them on important matters. He became paralyzed near the end of his life. The king and his ministers oversaw his treatment, but nothing helped. One man came to him and said, “My treatment always works; you can pay me after you recover.” He began treating the shaikh, who indeed began showing signs of recovery.

“伊本·阿西尔对他的兄弟伊兹丁说：“付清这个人的钱，然后打发他走。”。

‘Ibn al-Athīr told his brother ‘Izz al-Dīn, “Pay this man and send him off.”.

他的兄弟惊讶地回答道：“可是他的治疗很有效，你也正在康复啊。”

His brother replied in suprise, “but his treatment is working and you are recovering.”.

伊本·阿西尔回答说："这正是我不想接受他治疗的原因。如果我康复了，我就得去拜访国王和他属下的朝廷。而现在，至少我可以坐着履行我的功课，而他们会来探望我。"此后，他的治疗中断了，他于公元606年（约公元1209年）去世，享年六十二岁。

Ibn al-Athīr replied, “This is why I don’t want to be treated by him. If I recuperate, I will have to pay visits to the courts of the king and his subjects. Right now, I can at least sit and perform my worship while they come to visit me.” After that, his treatment was cut short and he passed away in 606/c1209 at the age of sixty-two.

他的全名是艾哈迈德·本·阿里·本·穆罕默德，他的别称（kunya）是阿布·法德勒。他因出身于哈贾尔部族而被人称为伊本·哈哲尔。他于伊历773年沙祝卜月二十二日（约公元1372年）出生于埃及，不过他的家族原籍是巴勒斯坦的一个城镇阿斯盖兰。他幼年丧父，背诵完《古兰经》后，跟随宰因丁·伊拉基学习圣训长达十年。在这段不长的时间里，他在圣训学的各个领域都打下了扎实的基础。

He was Ahmad ibn ‘Ali ibn Muhammad and his agnomen was Abu al-Faðl. He is known as Ibn hajar as he was born into the tribe of hajar. He was born on the 22nd of Sha‘ban, 773/c1372 in Egypt, though his family was originally from ‘Asqalan, a town in Palestine. Orphaned at a young age, after memorization of Qur’an, he studied ahadith with Zain al-Dīn ‘Iraqī for ten years. In this brief time, he developed a solid foundation in the different fields of ahadīth.

他对《布哈里圣训实录》的注释《Fath al-Barī》(《法特赫·巴里》)无需多作介绍。他在圣训领域的著作不可或缺,因此"哈菲兹"这一称号永久地固定在了他的名字之上。最终,他在乌玛中被尊称为"哈迪斯的哈菲兹"。

His commentary of Bukhari, Fath al-Barī, needs no introduction. His work on ahadith was indispensable and for that reason the title hafiþ became permanently fixed to his name. Eventually, he became known as hafiþ al-hadīth in the umma.

他是一位嗜读且阅读速度很快的人，两天半就读完了《穆斯林圣训实录》。有一次，他在晌礼与晡礼之间读完了三卷本的圣训集《小mu‘jam》（al-Mu‘jam al-Saghīr）。他遵循沙斐仪法学派。他于852年（即公元1449年）济国历12月28日在开罗去世，享年七十九岁。

He was an avid and fast reader, finishing Muslim in two and a half days. Once, he finished the three-volume hadīth book, al-Mu‘jam al-Saghīr between þuhr and asr. He was a follower of the Shafi‘ī school. He passed away on the 28 of Dhu al-hijja, 852/c1449 in Cairo at the age of seventy-nine.

他的全名是‘Abd al-‘Aþīm ibn ‘Abd al-Qawīyy ibn ‘Abd Allah，别号Abu Muhammad。他的祖先从叙利亚迁移而来，但他于581年（约公元1186年）生于埃及。“在他那个时代，没有人能在背诵圣训方面胜过Mundhirī，”Dhahabī如此写道。

His full name was ‘Abd al-‘Aþīm ibn ‘Abd al-Qawīyy ibn ‘Abd Allah and his agnomen was Abu Muhammad. His forefathers migrated from Syria, but he was born in 581/c1186 in Egypt. “Nobody could beat Mundhirī in memorization of ahadith in his time,” wrote Dhahabī.

孟济里写了许多著作，其中包括杰出的著作《劝诫与警告》（al-Targhīb wa al-Tarhīb）。他虽以虔诚和正直而闻名，但最为人所知的是他的节欲与苦行。在《劝诫与警告》一书中，他专门用一整章论述节欲的重要性。他为该章拟题为“al-Targhīb fi al-Zuhd fi al-Dunya wa al-Akfa’ minha bi al-Qalīl”［“劝勉远离今世享乐、满足于少许”］。

Mundhirī wrote many books, including the outstanding work al- Targhīb wa al-Tarhīb. Though renowned for his piety and integrity, he was most famous for his abstinence. In his book, al-Targhīb wa al-Tarhīb, he devoted a whole chapter to the importance of abstinence. He titles the chapter, “al-Targhīb fi al-Zuhd fi al-Dunya wa al-Akfa’ minha bi al-Qalīl” [“Exhortation Towards Abstinence from the Material World and to be Content with Little”].

他在这一章下共收录了160条圣训；全书其他章节都没有这么多圣训。“如果我们要撰写前贤（salaf）的传记，轻易就能写成几卷，但这不是本书的目的。我们写到这里，只是为了求得福佑。”孟齐里（Mundhirī）于657年（约公元1259年）在埃及去世。

He compiled 160 ahadith under this chapter; no other chapter in the book contained so many ahadith. “If we were to write the biographies of the predecessors [salaf], we could easily produce a few volumes, but this is not the objective of this book. We wrote this much only for blessing.” Mundhirī passed away in 657/c1259 in Egypt.

他名叫苏莱曼·本·达乌德·本·al-Jarud al-Tayalasī，别号阿布·达乌德。他生于136年（约公元754年）。他的nisba“al-Tayalasī”源于家族的生意，即售卖披肩（tailasan）。他的祖先来自波斯，曾被当作奴隶卖到阿拉伯，后来才获得自由。伊玛目阿布·达乌德·al-Tayalasī本人来自伊拉克的巴士拉。在那个时代，巴士拉和库法是学术中心，因此他从小就精通宗教知识。他敏锐的记忆力在圣训研习中是一大优势。作为著名圣训学家舒尔巴的得意门生，阿布·达乌德·al-Tayalasī后来接替了他老师的位置。他的著作《阿布·达乌德·al-Tayalasī圣训集》（Sunan Abī Dawud al-Tayalasī）是最著名的圣训集之一。他遵循哈乃斐学派。他于203年（约公元819年）或204年（约公元820年）去世。

He was Sulaiman ibn Dawu ibn al-Jarud al-Tayalasī and his agnomen was Abu Dawud. He was born in 136/c754. His attribution al-Tayalasī comes from the family business of selling shawls [tailasan]. His forefathers descended from Persia and were sold as slaves in Arabia, but were later freed. Imam Abu Dawud al-Tayalasī himself was from Basra, Iraq. During those times, Basra and Kufa were centers of learning and so he became learned in the knowledge of din from an early age. His sharp memory was a major asset in the study of ahadith. A favorite student of the renowned hadīth master Shu‘ba, Abu Dawud al-Tayalasī later took his teacher’s place. His book, Sunan Abī Dawud al-Tayalasī, is one of the most famous books of hadīth. He was a follower of the hanafī madhhab. He passed away in 203/c819 or 204/c820.

他是侯赛因·本·麦斯欧德·本·穆罕默德·阿尔-法拉·阿尔-巴额威，别号艾布·穆罕默德。他生于公元433年（约公元1041年）。人们称他为穆希伊·阿尔-孙奈（"复兴圣行者"）。他写了许多书，其中最著名的是《孙奈注释》（Sharh al-Sunna）。在他撰写《孙奈注释》时，先知ﷺ在梦中出现，对他说："愿真主使你长寿，因为你复兴了我的圣行。"（SWT）他另一部著名的著作是《圣训明灯》（Masabīh al-Sunna），它是《圣训明灯集》（Mishkat al-Masabīh）的主要底本。他的古兰经注释《启示之路》（Ma‘alim al-Tanzīl）文笔优美。他遵循沙斐仪学派。他于公元516年（约公元1122年）去世。

He was Husain ibn Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad al-Farra’ al-Baghawī and his agnomen was Abu Muhammad. He was born in 433/ c1041. People knew him as Muhiyy al-Sunna [Reviver of the Sunnas]. He wrote many books, the most well-known of them, Sharh al-Sunna. When he wrote Sharh al-Sunna, the Blessed Prophet (PBUH) appeared in his dream and said, “May Allah (SWTH) keep you alive the way you revived my Sunna.” His other famous book is Masabīh al-Sunna, which is the main text of Mishkat al-Masabīh. His exegesis of the Qur’an, Ma‘alim al-Tanzīl is beautifully written. He was a follower of the Shafi‘ī madhhab. He passed away in 516/c1122.

他的名字是阿卜杜·拉赫曼·伊本·凯马勒·艾布·伯克尔，绰号艾布·法德勒。他生于849年（约公元1445年），母亲在分娩时去世。他精通多门学科和领域，著书六百余部。他遵循沙斐仪学派。哲俩鲁丁·苏尤蒂于911年（约公元1505年）在埃及去世。

He was ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Kamal Abī Bakr and his agnomen was Abu al-Fadl. He was born in 849/c1445; his mother died during childbirth. Learned in various disciplines and fields, he authored over six hundred books. He followed the Shafi‘ī madhhab. Jalal al-Dīn Suyutī passed away in 911/c1505 in Egypt.

他名为阿里·伊本·苏丹·穆罕默德·卡里（al-Qarī），别号艾布·哈桑（Abu al-Hasan）。他出生于阿富汗北部城市赫拉特。当逊尼派的敌对者、狂热的什叶派萨法维王朝苏丹伊斯梅尔（Sultan Isma'īl Safawī）洗劫赫拉特，并残酷地杀害穆斯林时，穆拉·阿里·卡里迁居麦加，并在那里定居。他首先学习《古兰经》的诵读规则（tajwīd），并很快精通这门学问，直至成为诵读《古兰经》的专家。此后不久，他开始研习圣训学。他撰写了许多著作，其中包括对圣训集《密舍克特·麦sābīh》（al-Mishkat al-Masabīh）的精湛注释《米尔卡特·马法提赫》（Mirqat al-Mafatīh），该注释被公认为最好的圣训注释。许多学者都承认他是第十世纪的复兴者（mujaddid）。他遵循哈乃斐学派（Hanafī madhhab）。穆拉·阿里·卡里于伊历1114年沙瓦勒月（公元约1702年）在麦加去世，并葬于麦加的主墓园——麦阿拉墓园（Jannat al-Mu'alla）。

He was ‘Ali ibn Sultan Muhammad al-Qarī and his agnomen was Abu al-Hasan. He was born in Herat, a northern city of Afghanistan. When Sultan Isma’īl Safawī [a fanatic shiite] sacked Herat and killed the Muslims mercilessly, Mulla ‘Ali Qarī migrated to Makka and settled there. He first learned pronunciation [tajwīd] of Qur’an and quickly mastered the discipline until he became an expert in recitation of Qur’an. Soon after, he began studying the science of ahadith. He wrote many books, including Mirqat al- Mafatīh, a brilliant commentary of the hadīth book al-Mishkat al- Masabīh, and reputed to be the best commentary of hadīth. Many scholars acknowledge him as the revivalist [mujaddid] of the 10th century. He was a follower of the Hanafī madhhab. Mulla ‘Ali Qarī died in Makka in Shawwal 1114/c1702, and was buried in the main cemetery of Makka, Jannat al-Mu‘alla.

他的全名是艾哈迈德·本·穆罕默德·本·赛拉麦·泰哈维，别名艾布·贾法尔。泰哈维这一称谓源自塔哈（Taha），那是开罗郊外的一个小村庄。他生于229年（约公元843年）。他最著名的两部著作是《〈圣训〉释义》（Sharh Ma‘anī al-ôthar）和《〈圣训〉难解之处》（Mushkil al-ôthar）。据伊本·哈兹姆所说，这两部书比马立克大人的《穆宛塔》更为可靠。伊玛目泰哈维遵循哈乃斐学派。他于321年（约公元933年）去世。

His full name was Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Salama al-Tahawī and his agnomen was Abu Ja‘far. The name Tahawī comes from Taha, a small village on the outskirts of Cairo. He was born in 229/ c843. Two of his most renowned books are Sharh Ma‘anī al-ôthar and Mushkil al-ôthar. According to Ibn Hazm, these two books are more authentic than the Muwatta’ of Imam Malik. Imam Tahawī followed the Hanafī madhhab. He passed away in 321/c933.

他名叫叶哈雅·本·沙拉夫·纳瓦维。他于631年穆哈兰月（约公元1233年）出生在大马士革附近的一个小镇纳瓦。他幼年便显出苦行的迹象，对玩耍和游戏兴趣不大，宁愿把时间用来诵读《古兰经》。谢赫·亚辛曾这样说他：“我见到他十岁的时候，有些孩子招呼他来和他们一起玩，他却跑开了，哭着，因为他想诵读《古兰经》。”谢赫·亚辛后来成为他的精神导师［穆尔希德］。

He was Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī. He was born in Muharram, 631/c1233 in Nawa, a small town near Damascus. He showed signs of abstinence early on in life and had little interest in play and games, preferring to spend his time reciting Qur’an. Shaikh Yasīn said of him, “I saw him when he was ten. Some children urged him to come and play with them, but he ran from them and cried because he wanted to recite the Qur’an.” Shaikh Yasīn later became his spiritual mentor [murshid].

伊玛目纳瓦维的父亲让他在自己的店铺里坐着，但伊玛目纳瓦维把所有的时间都用在那里诵读《古兰经》。他一天只吃一次饭，夜里也只吃一次，大部分夜晚都用于敬拜。他的许多著作一经问世便大受欢迎，被证明是乌玛不可或缺的宝贵财富。他的著名著作《圣贤的花园》因其精心甄选的圣训而广受赞誉，至今仍是最广泛阅读的圣训书籍之一。另外两部著作《Sharh al-Muhdhdhab》和《Sharh al-Muslim》也同样受到乌玛的推崇。伊玛目纳瓦维遵循沙斐仪学派，于公元676年（约公元1277年）去世。

Imam Nawawī’s father sat him in his shop, but Imam Nawawī occupied all his time there reciting Qur’an. He ate only once during the day and once at night, and spent most of his nights in worship. Many of his books were instant successes and proved to be indispensable assets for the umma. His famous book Riyadh al-Salihīn was acclaimed for its inspired selection of ahadith, and is one of the most widely read books of hadīth to this day. Two other books, Sharh al-Muhdhdhab and Sharh al-Muslim also were hailed by the umma. A follower of the Shafi‘ī madhhab, Imam Nawawī passed away in 676/c1277.

他的别号是Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman，他生于118年（约公元736年）。他的父母是来自土库曼斯坦的奴隶，后来获得了自由。他富有，生活奢侈，直到真主（SWT）赐予他正道的引导。当他转向宗教后，他成为了圣训学界的“信士的领袖”（amīr al-mu’minīn）。布哈里伊玛目的老师Ibn Mahdī曾说：“如果Ibn Mubarak不知道某段圣训，我们也就不知道了。”这表明Ibn Mubarak记住了所有的圣训，因此被列为圣训的hafiž（精通圣训者）之一。年长和虔诚的人聚集在他的家中，从他的讲述中获得祝福和益处。

His agnomen was Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman and he was born in 118/ c736. His parents were slaves from Turkmenistan who were later freed. He was rich and lived extravagantly, until Allah (PBUH) blessed him with guidance. When he came towards din, he became the “leader of the believers” [amīr al-mu’minīn] of hadīth. Imam Bukhari’s teacher Ibn Mahdī once said, “If Ibn Mubarak doesn’t know a hadīth, we don’t know it either.” This implies that Ibn Mubarak had memorized all the ahadith and is thus ranked amongst the hafiþ of hadīth. The elderly and pious gathered at his house and derived blessings and benefit from his talks.

सुफ़यान सौरी（Sufyan Thaurī）曾说：“我希望我的一生能像阿布杜拉·伊本·穆巴拉克（‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak）的一生那样。我努力想要像他一样，却无法超过三天。” 有一次，哈伦·拉希德（Harun al-Rashīd）国王在拉卡（al-Riqa）停留，阿布杜拉·伊本·穆巴拉克恰好也在那里。人群挤满了街道，都想来看阿布杜拉·伊本·穆巴拉克。国王的一位女奴经过宫殿的阳台，

Sufyan Thaurī once said, “I wish that one year of my life could be like ‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak’s. I strive to be like him, but I cannot go beyond three days.” Once, the king Harun al-Rashīd was staying at al-Riqa and ‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak happened to be there also. Crowds of people filled the streets to see ‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak. One of the King’s slave girls came by the balcony of the palace.

“发生了什么事？”她问道。

“What is going on?” She asked.

“阿卜杜拉·本·穆巴拉克在此。”他得到的回答是如此。

“Abd Allah ibn Mubarak is here,” was the reply.

她说:“这才是真正的王权;哈伦·拉希德必须游行穿过街道,才能让人群挤满这里。”

She said, “This is the real kingship; Harun al-Rashīd must parade through the streets to fill it with such crowds.

‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak 总是参加伊玛目艾卜·哈尼法的讲座，并以此为荣。他遵循艾卜·哈尼法的教法学派。‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak 卒于伊历181年（约公元797年）。

‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak always sat in the gatherings of Imam Abu Hanīfa and prided himself on it. He followed the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanīfa. ‘Abd Allah ibn Mubarak died in 181/c797.

他的绰号是阿布·苏夫扬，生于公元746年（伊历129年）左右。他是《六大部圣训集》所有作者的老师，或老师的老师。他是著名的圣训学者和法学家，also以虔诚和敬畏真主（taqwa）而闻名，每夜诵读完整的一部《古兰经》。伊玛目艾哈迈德·本·韩百勒以成为他的学生为荣。每当他引述来自[瓦基尔·本·哲拉赫]的圣训时，便会说：“我引述这段圣训的人，是你们一生中从未见过的那样的人。”他是哈乃斐学派的坚定追随者，一生依照伊玛目艾布·哈尼法的教法裁决行事。他卒于公元813年（伊历198年）左右。

His agnomen was Abu Sufyan and he was born in 129/c746. He was the teacher or teachers’ teacher of all the authors of the al-Sihah al-Sitta. A renowned hadīth master and jurist, he was also famous for his piety and taqwa, reciting one whole Qur’an every night. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal prided himself on being his student. If he ever narrated a hadīth from him [Wakī‘ ibn al- Jarrah] he would say, “I am narrating this hadīth from the likes of a person you have never seen in your lives.” He was a ardent follower of the Hanafī madhhab and lived his life by the rulings of Imam Abu Hanīfa. He died in 198/c813.

他的别号是艾布·赛义德。他是圣训传述人传记领域的专家，也是伊玛目艾哈迈德和阿里·本·麦迪尼的老师。他每晚诵读一部《古兰经》，持续二十年，从未缺席聚礼拜。他的圣训见于六部圣训经典之中。131 Dhahabī说，亚哈亚·本·赛义德是最早在圣训传述人传记领域著述的人。在教法学上，他追随伊玛目艾布·哈尼法。他于198年（约公元813年）卒于巴士拉。

His agnomen was Abu Sa‘īd. He was an expert in the field of the biography of the narrators of hadīth. He was the teacher of Imam Ahmad and ‘Ali ibn Madīnī. He recited one Qur’an every night for twenty years and never missed the congregational salat. His narrations are found in all the six books of hadīth. Dhahabī said that Yahya ibn Sa‘īd was the first to write on the field of biography of the narrators of hadīth. In fiqh, he was a follower of Imam Abu Hanīfa. He died in 198/c813 in Basra.

他名叫马哈茂德·本·艾哈迈德·本·穆萨·阿因尼，别号艾布·穆罕默德。他生于伊历762年（公元约1361年）拉madan月17日，出生地是靠近哈勒卜（叙利亚阿勒颇）的一个名为“阿因·塔卜”的地方。他遵循哈乃斐学派，是一位精通教法学、圣训学和历史学的学者。他著述甚丰，但最为人所知的是他对布哈里圣训集所作的注释《伍姆代·盖里》。该书深受学者们的高度推崇。他于伊历855年祖勒黑哲月4日（公元约1451年）去世，享年九十三岁。

He was Mahmud ibn Ahmad ibn Musa al-‘Ainī, and his agnomen was Abu Muhammad. He was born on the 17 of Ramadan, 762/c1361 at a place called ‘Ain Tab, which is close to Halb [Aleppo, Syria]. A follower of the Hanafī madhhab, he was a scholar of fiqh, hadīth and history. Though he wrote many books, he is best known for his commentary of Bukhari, ‘Umdat al-Qarī. This book is highly commended by the scholars. He died on the 4th of Dhu al-Hijja, 855/c1451 at the age of ninety three.

他名为“阿卜杜拉”，是穆罕默德之子易卜拉欣之孙，其别号为艾卜·伯克尔。他是伊玛目布哈里、穆斯林、艾卜·达乌德以及其他许多杰出圣训学者的老师，他们的著作中都收录了他的传述。他最著名的著作是《穆萨奈夫》，此书在许多方面独具特色：它汇集了关于每一项教法裁决的圣训，并涵盖了所有圣门弟子的传述。伊玛目艾卜·祖尔阿·拉齐在谈到伊本·艾比·设拜惊人的记忆力时曾说：“我未曾见过能与他比肩的圣训背诵大师。”伊本·艾比·设拜卒于公元235年（希历），约合公元850年。

He was ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahīm, and his agnomen was Abu Bakr. He was the teacher of Imam Bukharī, Muslim, Abu Dawud and many other accomplished ahadīth masters; his narrations can be found in all of their books. His most notable piece of work is the al-Musannaf, which is distinctive in many ways. It compiles ahadith on every Shari‘a ruling and incorporates all the narrations of the Sahaba. Speaking on Ibn Abī Shaiba’s extraordinary memory, Imam Abu Zur‘a al-Razī once said, “I have not seen a hafiz of hadīth who equals him.” Ibn Abī Shaiba died in 235/c850.