قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى:

Allah the Almighty revealed:

{وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً ۖ قَالُوا أَتَجْعَلُ فِيهَا مَن يُفْسِدُ فِيهَا وَيَسْفِكُ الدِّمَاءَ وَنَحْنُ نُسَبِّحُ بِحَمْدِكَ وَنُقَدِّسُ لَكَ ۖ قَالَ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ} وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا ثُمَّ عَرَضَهُمْ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ فَقَالَ أَنبِئُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَٰؤُلَاءِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ. قَالُوا

"Remember when your Lord said to the angels: 'Verily, I am going to place mankind generations after generations on earth.' They said: 'Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, while we glorify You with praises and thanks (exalted be You above all that they associate with You as partners) and sanctify You.' Allah said: 'I know that which you do not know.' Allah taught Adam all the names of everything, then He showed them to the angels and said: "Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful." They (angels)

"سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا"

said: "Glory be to You, we have no knowledge except what You have taught us.

قَالَ: إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ. قَالَ: يَا آدَمُ أَنبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا أَنبَأَهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ: أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ؟ وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ (العاصين لله). وَقُلْنَا: يَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ. فَأَزَلَّهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ عَنْهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمَا مِمَّا كَانَا فِيهِ، وَقُلْنَا: اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ، وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ. فَتَلَقَّىٰ آدَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ، إِنَّهُ هُوَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ.

Verily, it is You, the All-Knower, the All-Wise." He said: "O Adam! Inform them of their names," and when he had informed them of their names, He said: "Did I not tell you that I know the unseen in the heavens and the earth, and I know what you reveal and what you have been hiding?" Remember when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourself before Adam" They prostrated except Iblis, he refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers(disobedient to Allah)." We said: "O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Paradise and both of you freely with pleasure and delight of things therein as wherever you will but come not near this tree or you both will be of the Zalimeen (wrongdoers)." Then the Satan made them slip therefrom (the Paradise), and got them out from that in which they were. We said: "Get you down all with enmity between yourselves. On earth will be a dwelling place for you and an enjoyment for a time." Then Adam received from his Lord Words. His Lord pardoned him (accepted his repentance). Verily He is the One Who forgives (accepts repentance), the most Merciful.

قُلْنَا اهْبِطُوا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًا ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّي هُدًى فَمَن تَبِعَ هُدَايَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ ۚ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَكَذَّبُوا بِآيَاتِنَا أُولَٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَالِدُونَ [سورۃ البقرہ: 38-39]

We said: "Get down all of you from this place (the Paradise), then whenever there comes to you Guidance from Me, and whoever follows My Guidance there shall be no fear on them, nor shall they grieve. But those who disbelieve and belie Our Ayah (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, and signs and revelations, etc) such are the dwellers of the Fire, they shall abide therein forever." (Chapter 2:30-39, Qur'an).

وَلَقَدْ خَلَقْنَاكُمْ ثُمَّ صَوَّرْنَاكُمْ ثُمَّ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ اسْجُدُوا لِآدَمَ فَسَجَدُوا إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ السَّاجِدِينَ

"And surely, We created you (your father Adam) and then gave you shape (the noble shape of a human being), then We told the angels, "Prostrate to Adam", and they prostrated, except Iblis, he refused to be those who prostrate.

قال الله تعالى: «مَا مَنَعَكَ أَلَّا تَسْجُدَ إِذْ أَمَرْتُكَ؟» قال: «أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِّنْهُ، خَلَقْتَنِي مِن نَّارٍ وَخَلَقْتَهُ مِن طِينٍ». قال الله: «فَاهْبِطْ مِنْهَا فَمَا يَكُونُ لَكَ أَن تَتَكَبَّرَ فِيهَا فَاخْرُجْ إِنَّكَ مِنَ الصَّاغِرِينَ». قال: «أَنظِرْنِي إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ». قال: «إِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنظَرِينَ». قال: «فَبِمَا أَغْوَيْتَنِي لَأَقْعُدَنَّ لَهُمْ صِرَاطَكَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ، ثُمَّ لَآتِيَنَّهُم مِّن بَيْنِ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ وَعَنْ أَيْمَانِهِمْ وَعَن شَمَائِلِهِمْ، وَلَا تَجِدُ أَكْثَرَهُمْ شَاكِرِينَ». قال الله: «اخْرُجْ مِنْهَا مَذْءُومًا مَّدْحُورًا، لَّمَن تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ». «وَيَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ فَكُلَا مِنْ حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ». [www.islambasics.com] «فَوَسْوَسَ لَهُمَا الشَّيْطَانُ لِيُبْدِيَ لَهُمَا مَا وُورِيَ عَنْهُمَا مِن سَوْآتِهِمَا، وَقَالَ مَا نَهَاكُمَا رَبُّكُمَا عَنْ هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَن تَكُونَا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونَا مِنَ الْخَالِدِينَ». وَقَاسَمَهُمَا إِنِّي لَكُمَا لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ. فَدَلَّاهُمَا بِغُرُورٍ، فَلَمَّا ذَاقَا الشَّجَرَةَ بَدَتْ لَهُمَا سَوْآتُهُمَا وَطَفِقَا يَخْصِفَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا مِن وَرَقِ الْجَنَّةِ. وَنَادَاهُمَا رَبُّهُمَا أَلَمْ أَنْهَكُمَا عَن تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَقُل لَّكُمَا إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمَا عَدُوٌّ مُّبِينٌ؟ قَالَا رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنفُسَنَا وَإِن لَّمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ». قال الله تعالى:

Allah said: "What prevented you (O Iblis) that you did not postrate when I commanded you?" Iblis said: "I am better than him (Adam), You created me from fire and him You created from clay." Allah said: "O Iblis get down from this (Paradise), it is not for you to be arrogant here. Get out for you are of those humiliated and disgraced." Iblis said: "Allow me respite till the Day they are raised up (Day of Resurrection)." Allah said: "You are of those allowed respite." Iblis said: "Because You have sent me astray, surely I will sit in wait against them (human beings) on Your Straight Path. Then I will come to them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left and You will not find most of them as thankful ones (they will not be dutiful to You)." Allah said: "Get out from Paradise, disgraced and expelled. Whoever of them (mankind) will follow you, then surely I will fill Hell with you all." "And O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in Paradise, and eat thereof as you both wish, but approach not this tree otherwise you both will be of the Zalimeen (unjust and wrongdoers)." www.islambasics.com “Then Satan whispered suggestions to them both in order to uncover that which was hidden from them of their private parts before, he said:" Your Lord did not forbid you this tree save you should become angels or become of the immortals." Satan swore by Allah to them both saying: "Verily I am one of the sincere well wishers for you both." So he misled them with deception. Then when they tasted of the tree, that which was hidden from them of their shame (private parts) became manifest to them and they began to stick together the leaves of Paradise over themselves (in order to cover their shame). Their Lord called out to them saying "Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you, Verily Satan is an open enemy unto you?" They said: "Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not, and bestow not upon us Your Mercy, we shall certainly be of the losers." Allah said:

قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى:

Allah the Almighty revealed:

{وَإِذْ أَخَذَ رَبُّكَ مِن بَنِي آدَمَ مِن ظُهُورِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَأَشْهَدَهُمْ عَلَىٰ أَنفُسِهِمْ أَلَسْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ ۖ قَالُوا بَلَىٰ ۛ شَهِدْنَا ۛ أَن تَقُولُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ إِنَّا كُنَّا عَنْ هَٰذَا غَافِلِينَ * أَوْ تَقُولُوا إِنَّمَا أَشْرَكَ آبَاؤُنَا مِن قَبْلُ وَكُنَّا ذُرِّيَّةً مِّن بَعْدِهِمْ ۖ أَفَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ * وَكَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ} (الأعراف: ١٧٢-١٧٤)

"Remember when your Lord brought forth from the children of Adam, from their loins, their seed (or from Adam's loin his offspring) and made them testify as to themselves saying: 'Am I not your Lord?' They said: 'Yes! We testify' lest you should say on the Day of Resurrectio:. 'Verily we have been unaware of this'. Or lest you should say: 'It was only our father aforetime who took others as partners in worship along with Allah and we were merely their descendants after them; will you then destroy us because of the deeds of men who practiced al batil (polytheism) and committing crimes and sins, invoking and worshipping others besides Allah?' Thus do We explain the Ayah (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations etc) in detail so that they may turn unto the truth". (Ch 7:172-174 Quran).

قال ذرية آدم: "ربنا، نشهد أنك ربنا؛ لا رب لنا غير الله." رفع الله أباهم آدم، فنظر إليهم فرأى منهم الغنيّ والفقير، وذوي الصور الحسنة ومن لم يكن كذلك. فقال آدم: "يا الله! أتمنى أن تجعل عبادك متساوين." فأجاب الله: "إني أحب أن أُشكر." ورأى آدم بين ذريته الأنبياء كالمصابيح.

Adam's progeny declared: "Our Lord, we bear witness that You are our Lord; we have no other Lord but Allah. Allah raised their father Adam, and he looked at them and saw those of them who were rich and those who were poor, and those who had good forms and those who did not. Adam said: "O Allah! I wish You to make Your servants equal." Allah replied "I love being thanked." Adam saw among the prophets like lamps among his progeny.

قال الله تعالى:

Almighty Allah declared:

واذكر إذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم ومنك ومن نوح وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى ابن مريم وأخذنا منهم ميثاقا غليظا. (سورة الأحزاب: 7)

"Remember when We took from the Prophets their covenant, and from you (o Muhammad), and from Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus son of Mary. We took from them a strong covenant. (Ch 33:7 Quran).

وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَىٰ فِي آيَةٍ أُخْرَىٰ:

In another verse Allah the Exalted commanded:

فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا ۚ فِطْرَتَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا ۚ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

"So set you (O Muhammad) your face towards the religion of pure Islamic Monotheism Hanifan (worship none but Allah Alone) Allah's Fitrah (Allah's Islamic Monotheism), with which He has created mankind. No change let there be in khalqillah (the Religion of Allah--Islamic Monotheism), that is the straight religion, but most men know not." (Ch 30:30 Quran).

وتروي رواية أخرى أن الله تعالى قبض قبضة من تراب الأرض، وخلط فيه الألوان: الأبيض والأسود والأصفر والأحمر. ولهذا تولد البشر بألوان مختلفة. ولما خلط الله التراب بالماء صار طينًا لازبًا يُصلصل. وقد تخمّر وصار له رائحة. فمرّ إبليس يتعجب مما سيُصنع من ذلك الطين. ومن الطين خلق الله آدم، فصوّر صورته بيديه، ونفخ فيه من روحه، فارتعش جسد آدم حين دبّت فيه الحياة.

Another version of the story relates that Allah took a handful of the dust of the earth and mixed into it the colors, white, black, yellow and red. That is the reason why men are born different colors. When Allah mixed the dust with water, it turned into potter's clay that makes a sound. It was fermented and had a smell. Iblis passed by, wondering what was going to be made of that clay. From the clay Allah created Adam. he molded his form with His own hands and blew His spirit into him. Adam's body quivered as life was imbued into it.

ثُمَّ أَغْرَقْنَا الْآخَرِينَ (الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَغَيْرَهُمْ).

"Then We drowned the other (disbelievers and polytheists, etc.)." (Ch 37:82 Quran).

قال الله تعالى:

Allah the Almighty declared:

إِنَّ مَثَلَ عِيسَىٰ عِندَ اللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ آدَمَ ۖ خَلَقَهُ مِن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ كُن فَيَكُونُ ۔ (آل عمران: ٥٩)

"Verily the likeness of Jesus, in Allah's Sight is the likeness of Adam, He created him from the dust then He said to him "Be!" --and he was. (Ch 3:59 Quran).

فتح آدمُ عينيه فرأى الملائكةَ كلَّهم ساجدين له، إلا كائنًا واحدًا كان واقفًا من بعيد. لم يكن آدمُ يعرف أيَّ نوعٍ من المخلوقات هو، الذي لم يسجد له، ولا كان يعرف اسمه. وكان إبليسُ واقفًا مع الملائكة ليكون داخلًا في الأمر الذي وُجِّه إليهم، لكنه لم يكن منهم. كان من الجنّ، وكان بحكم ذلك من المفترض أن يكون أدنى من الملائكة. والواضح أنّ هذا السجود كان لإظهار التكريم، ولم يكن يعني أنّ الملائكة كانوا يعبدون آدم؛ فالسجودُ على وجه العبادة لا يكون إلا لله.

Adam opened his eyes and saw all the angels prostrating before him except one being who was standing at a distance Adam did not know what kind of creature it was that did not prostrate before him nor did he know its name. Iblis was standing with the angels so as to be included in the command given to them but he was not one of them. He was a jinn, and as such he was supposed to be inferior to the angels. What is clear is that this prostration was to show respect and did not mean that the angels were worshipping Adam. Prostrating in worship is done only for Allah..

قال اللہ سبحانہ وتعالیٰ مُخبِرًا عن قصّةِ إبليسَ حين أبى أن يسجدَ لآدمَ:

Almighty Allah recounted the story of Iblis's refusal to prostate before Adam:

وَإِذْ قَالَ رَبُّكَ لِلْمَلَائِكَةِ: إِنِّي خَالِقٌ بَشَرًا مِّن صَلْصَالٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ. فَإِذَا سَوَّيْتُهُ وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِي فَقَعُوا لَهُ سَاجِدِينَ. فَسَجَدَ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلُّهُمْ أَجْمَعُونَ. إِلَّا إِبْلِيسَ أَبَىٰ أَن يَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ. قَالَ: يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا لَكَ أَلَّا تَكُونَ مَعَ السَّاجِدِينَ؟ قَالَ: لَمْ أَكُن لِّأَسْجُدَ لِبَشَرٍ خَلَقْتَهُ مِن صَلْصَالٍ مِّنْ حَمَإٍ مَّسْنُونٍ. قَالَ: فَاخْرُجْ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّكَ رَجِيمٌ. وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكَ اللَّعْنَةَ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ. [سورة الحجر: 28-35]

"Remember when your Lord said to the angels, 'I am going to create a man (Adam) from sounding clay of altered black smooth mud. So when I have fashioned him completely and breathed into him (Adam) the soul which I created for him then fall you down prostrating yourselves unto him'. So the angels prostrated themselves all of them together, except Iblis, he refused to be among the prostrators. Allah said: 'O Iblis! What is your reason for not being among the prostrators?' Iblis said: 'I am not the one to prostrate myself to a human being, whom You created from sounding clay of altered black smooth mud.' Allah said: 'Then get out from here for verily you are Rajim (an outcast or cursed one). Verily the curse shall be upon you till Day of Recompense (Day of Resurrection)'". (Ch 15:28-35 Quran).

وَذَكَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى ذَلِكَ فِي سُورَةٍ أُخْرَى بِقَوْلِهِ:

In another surah Almighty Allah recounted it thus:

بعد هذا الدرس عن الحرية تعلّم آدم درسًا آخر، درسًا عن العلم. أدرك آدم أنّ إبليس رمزُ الشرّ في الكون، وأنّ الملائكة رمزُ الخير. لكنّه لم يكن بعدُ يعرف شيئًا عن نفسه. ثم أدركه الله بهويته الحقيقية، وبسبب خلقه، وبسرّ تكريمه.

After this lesson about freedom Adam learned another lesson, one about knowledge. Adam realized that Iblis was the symbol of evil in the universe and that the angels were the symbol of good. However he did not yet know anything about himself. Then Allah made him perceive his true identity and the reason for his creation, and the secret of his glorification.

قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَعَلَّمَ آدَمَ الْأَسْمَاءَ كُلَّهَا﴾ [البقرة: ٣١].

Allah the Exalted said: "He taught Adam all the names of everything". (Ch 2:31 Quran).

اللّٰہ تعالیٰ نے آدمؑ کو تمام اشیاء کی حقیقتوں کو جاننے اور ان کو ناموں کے ذریعے مختصر کرنے کی صلاحیت عطا فرمائی؛ یہ پرندہ ہے، یہ ستارہ ہے، یہ درخت ہے، وغیرہ۔ اللّٰہ تعالیٰ نے آدمؑ میں علم کی ایک ایسی بے پایاں طلب اور اس سے محبت رکھ دی، اور اپنے بچوں کو علم منتقل کرنے کی خواہش بھی۔ یہی ان کی تخلیق کا سبب اور ان کی عظمت کا راز تھا۔

Almighty Allah granted Adam the power to know the natures of all things and to summarize them by names; that is a bird, that is a star, that is a tree, etc Allah implanted in Adam an insatiable need for and love of knowledge and a desire to bequeath knowledge to his children. This was the reason for his creation and the secret of his glorification.

ولَمَّا تَعَلَّمَ آدَمُ أَسْمَاءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ مع خواصِّها ومنافعِها، عَرَضَها اللهُ على الملائكةِ وقال:

After Adam had learned the names of all things, along with their properties and uses, Allah presented them to the angels and said:

"أَخْبِرُونِي بِأَسْمَاءِ هَـٰؤُلَاءِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ" (سورۃ البقرۃ، ٣١)

"Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful."(Ch 2:31 Quran)

قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ: إِنَّا لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا

The angels admitted their inability:

سُبْحَانَكَ لَا عِلْمَ لَنَا إِلَّا مَا عَلَّمْتَنَا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْعَلِيمُ الْحَكِيمُ (البقرة: ٣٢)

"Glory be to You, we have knowledge except what You have taught us. Verily it is You the All Knower, the All Wise." (Ch 2:32)

ثُمَّ تَوَجَّهَ اللهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى آدَمَ

Allah Almighty then turned to Adam:

"يَا آدَمُ أَنْبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ"، فَلَمَّا أَنْبَأَهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ:

"O Adam! Inform them of their names," and when he had informed them of their names, He said:

﴿أَلَمْ أَقُلْ لَكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ﴾ (البقرة: ٣٣)

'Did I not tell you that I know the unseen in the heavens and the earth, and I know what you reveal and what you have been hiding?'" (Ch 2:33).

أراد الله أن يعلم الملائكة أنه يعلم تعجّبهم حين أخبرهم بخلق آدم، وأنه يعلم حيرتهم التي لم يبوحوا بها، وكذلك ما أخفاه إبليس من عصيانه وكفرانه بالنعمة.

Allah wanted the angels to know that He knew of their astonishment when He had told them about the creation of Adam and that He also knew of their confusion which they had not revealed, as well as what Iblis had concealed of his disobedience and ingratitude.

روى ابنُ عباسٍ وجماعةٌ من أصحاب النبيِّ ﷺ أنَّه لما أُخرِجَ إبليسُ من الجنةِ وأُسكِنَ آدمُ فيها، كان آدمُ وحدَه في الجنةِ ولم يكن له زوجٌ يسكنُ إليها، فنام زمنًا، فلما استيقظ رأى امرأةً خلقها اللهُ من ضلعِه، فسألها: «مَن أنتِ؟» فقالت: «امرأةٌ». فسألها: «ولأيِّ شيءٍ خُلِقتِ؟» قالت: «لتسكنَ إليَّ». فسألته الملائكةُ، ليختبروا مبلغَ علمِه: «ما اسمُها يا آدمُ؟» فقال: «حواءُ». قالوا: «ولِمَ سُمِّيَت بذلك؟» قال: «لأنها خُلِقت من حيٍّ».

Ibn Abbas and a group of companions of the Prophet (PBUH) narrated that when Iblis was sent out of Paradise and Adam was accommodated therein, Adam was alone in Paradise and did not have a partner from whom he could get tranquility. He slept for some time and when he woke up, he saw a woman whom Allah had created from his ribs. So he asked her, "Who are you? She replied, "A woman" He asked: "Why have you been created?" She said :"So that you could find tranquility in me." The angels, trying to find out the extent of his knowledge, asked him: "What is her name, O Adam?" He replied, "Eve". They asked: "Why was she so named?" He replied, " Because she was created from something living."

روى محمد بن إسحاق وابن عباس أن حواء خُلقت من أقصر ضلع في الجانب الأيسر من آدم وهو نائم، ثم بعد مدة كُسيت باللحم. ولذلك قال الله تعالى:

Muhammad Ibn Ishaaq and Ibn Abbas related that Eve was created from the shortest left rib of Adam while he was sleeping and after awhile she was clothed with flesh. That is why Allah the Exalted said:

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً

"O Mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam) and from Him (Adam) He created his wife (Eve), and from them both He created many men and women.

(الفصل ٤:١)

(Ch 4:1)

قال الله تعالى أيضاً:

Allah also said:

هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا لِيَسْكُنَ إِلَيْهَا ۚ Note: The verse is quoted with its Qur'an reference; the reference itself is rendered as (سورة الأعراف، ١٨٩).

"It is he Who has created you from a single person (Adam) and then He created from him his wife (Eve), in order that he might enjoy the pleasure of living with her."(Ch 7:189).

عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال النبي ﷺ: «أَلَا وَاسْتَوْصُوا بِالنِّسَاءِ خَيْرًا، فَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ خُلِقَتْ مِنْ ضِلَعٍ، وَإِنَّ أَعْوَجَ شَيْءٍ فِي الضِّلَعِ أَعْلَاهُ، فَإِنْ ذَهَبْتَ تُقِيمُهُ كَسَرْتَهُ، وَإِنْ تَرَكْتَهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ أَعْوَجَ، فَاسْتَوْصُوا بِالنِّسَاءِ». [صحيح البخاري]

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "O Muslims! I advise you to be gentle with women, for they are created from a rib, and the most crooked portion of the rib is its upper part. If you try to straighten it, it will break and if you leave it, it will remain crooked, so I urge you to take care of the women." (Sahih Bukhari).

اَمَرَ اللهُ آدَمَ أَنْ يَسْكُنَ الْجَنَّةَ: ﴿يَا آدَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلَا مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ﴾ [البقرة: ٣٥]

Allah commanded Adam to dwell in Paradise: "O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Paradise and eat both of you freely with pleasure and delight of things therein as wherever you will, but come not near this tree or you both will be of the Zalimeen (wrong doers)."(Ch 2:35)

مكان هذه الجنة غير معلوم لنا، فالقرآن لم يبيّنه، وقد اختلف المفسرون فيه على خمسة أقوال. فقال بعضهم: إنها جنة الخلد، ومكانها السماء. وأنكر آخرون هذا القول، لأنها لو كانت جنة الخلد لما دخلها إبليس، ولما وقعت فيها المعصية. وقال آخرون: إنها جنة أخرى خلقها الله لآدم وحواء. وقال فريق رابع: إنها جنة في الأرض، في مكان مرتفع. وذهب فريق آخر من المفسرين إلى قبول ما ورد في القرآن دون البحث عن موضع هذه الجنة. ونحن نرجّح هذا القول الأخير، لأن العبرة من معرفة موقعها لا تُقارن بالعبرة من الأحداث التي وقعت فيها.

The location of this Paradise is unknown to us. The Quran did not reveal it, and the commentators had five different opinions. Some said that it was the paradise of our refuge and that its place was heaven. Others regreted that statement because if it was the paradise of refuge Iblis would have been forbidden admission and disobedience would have been forbidden as well. Still others said that it was another paradise that was created by Allah for Adam and Eve. A fourth group said it was a paradise on the earth located in a high place. Another group of commentators accept what was in the Quran without questioning where this paradise was located. We agree with this last opinion as the lesson we learn from its location is immaterial compared to the lesson we learn from the events that took place there.

أُدْخِلَ آدَمُ وَحَوَّاءُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَعَاشَا فِيهَا حُلْمَ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ.

Adam and eve were admitted to Paradise and there they lived the dream of all human beings.

أَذِنَ اللهُ لَهُمَا أَنْ يَقْتَرِبَا وَيَتَمَتَّعَا بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا شَجَرَةً وَاحِدَةً، قِيلَ: قَدْ تَكُونُ شَجَرَةَ الْأَلَمِ أَوْ شَجَرَةَ الْعِلْمِ. نَهَاهُمَا اللهُ عَنْهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ أُسْكِنَا الْجَنَّةَ.

Allah permitted them to approach and enjoy everything except one tree, that might have been the Tree of Pain or the Tree of Knowledge. Allah forbade them they were give abode in Paradise.

{وَلَا تَقْرَبَا هٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الظَّالِمِينَ} (البقرہ: ۳۵)

"But come not near this tree or you both will be of the wrong doers." (Ch 2:35)

وأدرك آدم وحواء أنهما منهيان عن أكل ثمرة تلك الشجرة. غير أن آدم كان إنسانًا، والإنسان ينسى ميالٌ إلى النسيان. يتبدّل قلبه، ويضعف عزمه. فاستحضر إبليس كل حسده الذي في داخله، واستغل إنسانية آدم ليستدرجه. فأخذ يوسوس له يومًا بعد يوم، يغريه قائلًا: «هل أدلّك على شجرة الخلد وملك لا يبلى؟» وقال لهما:

Adam and Eve understood that they were forbidden to eat the fruit of that tree. Adam was however a human being and man tends to forget. His heart changes and his will weakens. Iblis summoned all the envy within him and took advantage of Adam's humanity to exploit him. He started to whisper to him day after day, coaxing him: "Shall I guide you to the Tree of Immortality and the Eternal Kingdom?" He said to them:

{وَمَا نَهَاكُمَا رَبُّكُمَا عَنْ هَٰذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَا مَلَكَيْنِ أَوْ تَكُونَا مِنَ الْخَالِدِينَ} وَقَاسَمَهُمَا إِنِّي لَكُمَا لَمِنَ النَّاصِحِينَ (الأعراف: 20-21)

"Your Lord did not forbid you this tree save you should become angels or become of the immortals." He (Satan) swore by Allah to them both saying: "Verily I am one of the sincere well wishers for you both." (Ch 7:20-21)

سأل آدم نفسه: "ماذا سيحدث إن أكلتُ من هذه الشجرة؟ قد تكون حقًّا شجرة الخلد." كان حلمه أن يعيش أبدًا في البراءة الخالصة للجنة. مرّت السنون، وكان آدم وحواء مشغولَين بالتفكير في تلك الشجرة. ثم في يومٍ قررا أن يأكلا من ثمرها. نسيا أن الله قد حذّرهما من الاقتراب منها، وأن إبليس عدوّهما المُقسِم على عداوتهما. مدّ آدم يده، فقطف إحدى الثمرات وناولها حواء. وأكلا كلاهما من الشجرة المحرّمة.

Adam asked himself: "What will happen if I eat from this tree? It might truly be the Tree of Immortality." His dream was to live forever in the pure innocence of Paradise." Years went by, and Adam and Eve were preoccupied with thoughts of that tree. Then one day they decided to eat of its fruit. They forgot that Allah had warned them not to approach it and that Iblis was their sworn enemy. Adam stretched out his hand, picked one of the fruits and offered it to Eve. They both ate of the forbidden tree.

فَدَلَّاهُمَا بِغُرُورٍ (٧:٢٢)

Allah Almighty told us: "So he (Satan) misled them with deception." (Ch 7:22)

قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَعَصَىٰ آدَمُ رَبَّهُ فَغَوَىٰ﴾ [سورۃ طہ: ۱۲۱].

Allah said: "Thus did Adam disobey his Lord so he went astray." (Ch 20:121).

وفقًا للعهد القديم، أغوت الحيةُ حواءَ لتأكل من الشجرة المحرّمة. أكلت بسبب كلام الحية وأطعمت آدم منها. في تلك اللحظة، انفتحت أعينهما على أنهما عاريان، فأخذا من أوراق شجرة التين ليستترا بها. وقال وهب بن منبه إن لباسهما (قبل معصيتهما) كان من نورٍ على عورتيهما. وهذه القصة في العهد القديم تحريفٌ وخداع.

قال الله تعالى له:

Allah the Almighty addressed him:

"أَلَمْ أَنْهَكُمَا عَنْ تِلْكُمَا الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَقُلْ لَكُمَا إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لَكُمَا عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ"؟ قَالَا:

"Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you: Verily Satan is an open enemy unto you?" They said:

رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنفُسَنَا وَإِن لَّمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ۔ قَالَ اهْبِطُوا بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ وَلَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُسْتَقَرٌّ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ۔ قَالَ فِيهَا تَحْيَوْنَ وَفِيهَا تَمُوتُونَ وَمِنْهَا تُخْرَجُونَ۔ (الأعراف: 22-25)

"Our Lord! We have wronged ourselves. If You forgive us not, and bestow not upon us Your Mercy, we shall certainly be of the losers." Allah said; "Get down, one of you an enemy to the other (Adam, Eve, and Satan etc). On earth will be a dwelling place for you and an enjoyment, for a time." He said: "Therein you shall live and therein you shall die, and from it you shall be brought out (resurrected)." (7:22-25).

ويُروى في ذلك قصص قديمة. فقد روى الحافظ ابن عساكر أن الله أمر ملكين أن يُخرجا آدم من حضرته المقدسة، فنزع جبريل التاج عن رأسه، وأخذ ميكائيل الإكليل من جبينه. فظن آدم أن عقوبته قد عُجّلت، فخرّ ساجدًا يبكي: "المغفرة! المغفرة!" فقال الله: "أتفرّ مني؟" فأجاب آدم: "لا يا رب، ولكني أستحيي منك." وقال عبد الرحمن بن عمرو الأوزاعي: إن آدم أقام في الجنة مائة عام. وفي رواية أخرى قيل: إنه أقام ستين عامًا. وذكر ابن عساكر أن آدم بكى ستين عامًا على فقد الجنة، وسبعين عامًا على خطيئته، وبكى سبعين عامًا أخرى حين قُتل ابنه. ثم خرجا من الجنة ونزلا إلى الأرض، فكان آدم حزينًا وكانت حواء تبكي. فقبل الله توبتهما لصدقها، وأخبرهما أن الأرض ستكون مُلكهما ومنشأهما، يعيشان فيها ويموتان، ومنها يُبعثان يوم القيامة.

Again there are old stories about these events. Al Hafez Ibn Asaker narrated that Allah commanded two angels to remove Adam from His holy proximity. So Gabriel stripped him of the crown on his head, and Michael took the diadem from his forehead. Adam thought that his punishment had been hastened and bowed down crying; "Forgiveness! Forgiveness!" so Allah asked: "Are you running away from Me?" Adam replied, "No, my Lord, but I am shy of You." Abdul Rahman Ibn Amru Al - Awza'iy said that Adam spent 100 years in Paradise. In another narration it was said he spent 60 years. Ibn Asaker reported that Adam wept for 60 years for his loss of Paradise and 70 years for his mistake, and he wept for another 70 years when his son was killed. They left Paradise and descended upon the earth. Adam was sad and Eve was crying. Allah accepted their repentance because it was sincere and He told them that the earth would be their realm and origin where they would live and die and whence they would come on the Day of Judgment.

ويعتقد بعض الناس أن سبب عدم سكنى البشرية في الجنة هو أن آدم عصى، ولو لم تقع هذه المعصية لبقينا فيها طوال الوقت. وهذه خرافات ساذجة، لأن الله تعالى حين أراد أن يخلق آدم قال للملائكة: ﴿إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً﴾، ولم يقل: إني جاعل في الجنة خليفة. فهبوط آدم إلى الأرض إذن لم يكن بسبب الهوان، بل كان هبوطًا كريمًا.

Some people believe that the reason why mankind does not dwell in Paradise is that Adam was disobedient and that if it had not been for this sin, we could have been there all along. These are naive fictions because when Allah wanted to create Adam, He said to the angels, "I shall make a vicegerent on the earth." He did not say, "I shall make a vicegerent in Paradise." Adam's descent on earth, then, was not due to degradation but rather it was dignified descent.

عَلِمَ اللهُ أنَّ آدمَ وحوّاءَ سيأكلانِ من الشجرةِ وينزلانِ إلى الأرضِ، وعَلِمَ أنَّ الشيطانَ سيغتصبُ براءتَهما. وكانت تلك التجربةُ ضروريةً لحياتِهما في الأرضِ؛ فقد كانت حجرَ الأساسِ في خلافتِهما. وكان المقصودُ منها أن يُعلِّمَ آدمَ وحوّاءَ وذريتَهما أنَّ الشيطانَ هو الذي تسبَّبَ في إخراجِهما من الجنةِ، وأنَّ الطريقَ إلى الجنةِ لا يُبلَغُ إلا بطاعةِ اللهِ وعداوةِ الشيطانِ.

Allah knew that Adam and Eve would eat of the tree and descend to earth. He knew that Satan would rape their innocence. That experience was essential for their life on earth; it was a cornerstone of their vicegerency. It was meant to teach Adam, Eve, and their progeny that it was Satan who had caused them to be expelled from Paradise and that the road to Paradise can only be reached by obedience to Allah and enmity to Satan.

هل يصح أن يُقال إن آدم وسائر البشر كانوا مقدَّرين على المعصية وعلى الإخراج من الجنة وإنزالهم إلى الأرض؟ والحقيقة أن هذه الخرافة ساذجة بقدر ما كانت ساذجة الأولى.

Could it be said that Adam and the rest of mankind were predestined to sin and to be expelled from Paradise and sent to the earth? In fact, this fiction is as naive as the first one.

آدمُ عليه السلام كان يملك إرادةً حرّةً تامّة، وقد تحمّل تبعات فعله. عصى بأكله من الشجرة المحرّمة، فأخرجه الله من الجنة. ولا ينفي عصيانُه حريّتَه، بل هو على العكس نتيجةٌ من نتائجها.

Adam complete free will, and he bore the consequences of his deed. He disobeyed by eating of the forbidden tree, so Allah dismissed him from Paradise. His disobedience does not negate his freedom. On the contrary it is a consequence of it.

الحقيقة أنّ الله تعالى يعلم ما سيقع، كما أنه سبحانه يعلم عاقبة الأمور قبل وقوعها دائماً. غير أنّ الله لا يُكره الأشياء على الوقوع، بل منح مخلوقاته البشرية الإرادة الحرة. وعلى هذا تقوم حكمته البالغة في عمارة الأرض، وتعيين الخلفاء فيها، وغير ذلك.

The truth of the matter is that Allah knew what was going to happen, as He always know the outcome of events before they take place. However Allah does not force things to happen. He grants free will to His human creatures. On that He bases His supreme wisdom in populating the earth, establishing the vicegerents, and so on.

فهِم آدم درسه الثالث، فعرف الآن معرفةً عملية أنّ إبليس عدوّه، وأنه سبب فقدانه نعمة السكن في الجنة، وسبب شقائه. وفهم آدم أيضًا أنّ الله يعاقب على المعصية، وأنّ طريق الجنة لا يكون إلا بالخضوع لمشيئة الله. وتعلّم من الله عزّ وجلّ أن يسأل المغفرة.

Adam understood his 3rd lesson. He knew now in a practical way that Iblis was his enemy, the cause of his losing the blessing of living in Paradise, and the cause of his distress. Adam also understood that Allah punishes disobedience and that the way of Paradise has to be through submission to the will of Allah. And he learned from Allah Almighty to ask for forgiveness.

تاب اللهُ على آدمَ فقبلَ توبتَه وغفرَ له، ثم أرسلَه إلى الأرضِ بوصفه أولَ رسولٍ من عندِه.

Allah accepted Adam's repentance and forgave him. He then sent him to the earth as His first messenger.

عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: «احتجَّ آدمُ وموسى، فقال له موسى: أنت آدمُ الذي أخرجتْك خطيئتُك من الجنة. فقال له آدم: أنت موسى الذي اصطفاك اللهُ برسالاته وبكلامه، أتلومني على أمرٍ قد كُتب عليَّ قبل أن أُخلَق؟» فقال رسول الله ﷺ: «فحجَّ آدمُ موسى» مرتين. [صحيح البخاري]

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger (PBUH) said: "Adam and Moses argued with each other. Moses said to Adam: 'Your sin expelled you from Paradise.' Adam said: ' You are Moses whom Allah selected as His messenger and as the one to whom He spoke directly. Yet you blame me for a thing which had already been written in my fate before my Creation?" Allah's Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said twice, "So Adam outclassed Moses." (Sahih Bukhari).

وَرَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَيْضًا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ قَالَ: «مُوسَى ﷺ

Umar Ibn Al Khattab also narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "Moses (PBUH)

قال: «يَا رَبِّ، أَرِنِي آدَمَ الَّذِي أَخْرَجَنَا وَنَفْسَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ». فَأَرَاهُ اللَّهُ آدَمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «أَنْتَ آدَمُ؟» قَالَ: «نَعَمْ». قَالَ: «أَنْتَ الَّذِي نَفَخَ اللَّهُ فِيكَ مِنْ رُوحِهِ، وَأَسْجَدَ لَكَ مَلَائِكَتَهُ، وَعَلَّمَكَ أَسْمَاءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ؟» قَالَ آدَمُ: «نَعَمْ». فَقَالَ مُوسَى: «مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى أَنْ أَخْرَجْتَنَا وَنَفْسَكَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ؟» فَقَالَ آدَمُ: «مَنْ أَنْتَ؟» قَالَ مُوسَى: «أَنَا مُوسَى». قَالَ آدَمُ: «أَنْتَ مُوسَى نَبِيُّ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ؟ أَنْتَ الَّذِي كَلَّمَكَ اللَّهُ تَكْلِيمًا؟» قَالَ مُوسَى: «نَعَمْ». قَالَ آدَمُ: «أَفَتَلُومُنِي عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدَّرَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُخْلَقَ؟». فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّتَيْنِ: «فَحَجَّ آدَمُ مُوسَى». ﷺ [صحيح البخاري]

said: 'My Lord! May I see Adam who removed us and himself from the Paradise?" So Allah made him see Adam and he said to him: "Are you Adam?" Adam said: "Yes." And he said "Were you the one in Whom Allah breathed His spirit and before whom He bowed His angels and to whom He taught the names of all things?" Adam answered: "Yes." So Moses said: "What made you remove us and yourself from Paradise.?" Adam said: "Who are you?" Moses said: "I am Moses." Adam said: "So you are Moses the prophet of the Children of Israel. Were you the one Allah spoke to directly?" Moses answered "Yes." Adam said: "Why do you blame me for a matter which Allah had predestined?" So Allah’s Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said twice. "Adam outclassed Moses." (Sahih al Bukhari).

توجد روايات كثيرة في شأن موضع هبوط آدم عليه السلام إلى الأرض. فقد روى ابن أبي حاتم أن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: "هبط آدم بأرض «دِهْنَا» بين مكة والطائف." وقال الحسن إن آدم هبط في الهند، وحواء في جدة (المملكة العربية السعودية)، وإبليس في بودستيمان (العراق)، والحية في أصبهان (إيران). وقد رُوي هذا الأخير أيضاً عن ابن أبي حاتم.

There are many traditions concerning the place of Adam's descent upon earth. Ibn Abi Hatim narrated that Ibn Abbas said: "Adam descended on land 'Dihna' between Mecca and Taif." Al - Hassan said that Adam descended in India and Eve in Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), Iblis Bodistiman (Iraq), and the serpent in Ashahan (Iran). This last was also reported by Ibn Hatim.

عن الأصمعي أن آدم عليه السلام نزل بالحجر الأسود (حجر كبير أسود مثبت في جدار الكعبة بمكة، ويُقال إنه نزل من الجنة) إلى الهند، وكان معه قبضة من بذور الجنة، فزرعها في الهند فنبتت شجرة الطيب فيها.

Ass'ady related that Adam descended with the Black Stone (a large black stone set into the wall of the ka'ba in Mecca. It is said to have come from Paradise) in India, and he had a handful of the seeds of Paradise. He sowed them in India and they grew into the fragrant tree therein.

قال ابن عمر: إن آدم هبط على الصفا، وحواء على المروة (وهما جبلان بجوار البيت الحرام في مكة، ومن مناسك الحج السعي بينهما إحياءً لذكرى سعي هاجر في طلب الماء). وقد رواه ابن أبي حاتم أيضاً. وروى عبد الرزاق أن أبا موسى الأشعري قال: لما أمر الله آدم أن يهبط من الجنة إلى الأرض، علّمه صنعة كل شيء، وزوّده بالحبوب من الجنة.

Ibn Umar said that Adam descended on As-Safa and Eve on Al Marwa ( names of two mountains in the vicinity of the sacred house in Mecca. Part of the rites of pilgrimage (hajj) includes pacing between these two hills in commemoration of Hajar's search for water). This was also reported by Ibn Hatim. Abdul Razzaq reported that Abi Musa Al-shari said that when Allah ordered Adam to descend from Paradise to earth, He taught him the making of everything and provided him with the crops from Paradise.

عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال النبي ﷺ: «خير يوم طلعت عليه الشمس يوم الجمعة، فيه خُلق آدم، وفيه أُدخل الجنة، وفيه أُخرج منها». (رواه البخاري)

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "The best of days on which the sun has risen is Friday. One this day Adam was created, and on this day he was descended to earth." (al Bukhari).

عَلِمَ آدَمُ أَنَّهُ وَدَّعَ السَّلَامَ وَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ. وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْأَرْضِ أَنْ يُوَاجِهَ الصِّرَاعَ وَالْكِفَاحَ، فَمَا إِنْ يَنْتَهِيَ أَحَدُهُمَا حَتَّى يَبْدَأَ الْآخَرُ. وَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا أَنْ يَكِدَّ لِيَقُوتَ نَفْسَهُ، وَأَنْ يَحْتَمِيَ بِالثِّيَابِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، وَأَنْ يَحْمِيَ زَوْجَهُ وَأَوْلَادَهُ مِنَ السِّبَاعِ الضَّارِيَةِ.

Adam knew he bade farewell to peace and he left Paradise. On earth he had to face conflict and struggle. No sooner had one ended than another began. He also had to toil to sustain himself. He had to protect himself with clothes and weapons and protect his wife and children from the wild beasts.

قبل كل شيء، كان عليه أن يجاهد روح الشر. فقد ظل الشيطان، سبب طرده من الجنة، يغوي هو وذريته، ساعياً إلى أن يُلقوا في نار جهنم الأبدية. والصراع بين الخير والشر متواصل، فأما الذين يتبعون هداية الله فلا يخافون شيئاً، وأما الذين يعصون الله ويتبعون إبليس فسيهلكون معه.

Above all, he had to struggle with the spirit of evil. Satan, the cause of his expulsion from Paradise, continued to beguile him and his children in an effort to have them thrown into the eternal hellfire. The battle between good and evil is continuous, but those who follow Allah's guidance and should fear nothing while those who disobey Allah and follow Iblis will be damned along with him.

وأدرك آدمُ هذا كلَّه، وبِعِلمه بهذه المعاناة بدأ حياته على الأرض.

Adam grasped all of this and with the knowledge of this suffering he started his life on the earth.

الشيءُ الوحيد الذي أباح له حُزنَه أنه كان سيّدَ الأرض، وكان عليه أن يجعلها تخضع له. وهو الذي كان عليه أن يُديم الأرض ويعمرها ويشيّدها ويُسكنها. وهو الذي كان عليه أن يُنجب الأولاد ويربّيهم، ليُغيّروا الدنيا ويُحسّنوها.

The only thing that allowed his grief was that he was master of the earth and had to make it yield to him. He was the one who had to perpetuate, cultivate and construct and populate the earth. He was also the one who had to procreate and raise children who would change and improve the world.

ذروة السعادة الدنيوية تحققت حين شهد آدم وحواء ولادة أولادهما الأوائل، توأمين. كان آدم أبًا حريصًا، وكانت حواء أمًا راضية. وكان التوأمان قابيل (Qabil)؟ Let me restate correctly, following the rules: names in Arabic script, no Latin letters, ﷺ only after the Prophet Muhammad. ذروة السعادة الدنيوية تحققت حين شهد آدم وحواء ولادة أولادهما الأوائل، وهم توأمان. كان آدم أبًا مخلصًا، وكانت حواء أمًّا قانعة. وكان التوأمان قابيل وأختُه. ثم ولدت حواء توأمين آخرين، هابيل وأختُه. تمتعت الأسرة بنعم الأرض وثمارها التي رزقها إياها ربُّها. ونشأ الأبناء شبابًا أقوياء أصحاء. كان قابيل يحرث الأرض، بينما كان هابيل يرعى الماشية.

The pinnacle of earthly bliss was reached when Adam and Eve witnessed the birth of their first children, a set of twins. Adam was a devoted father and Eve a contented mother. The twins were Cain (Qabil) and his sister. Later Eve gave birth to a second set of twins, Abel (Habil) and his sister. The family enjoyed the bounties and fruits of the earth provided by their Lord. The children grew up to be strong and healthy young adults. Cain tilled the land while Abel raised cattle.

جاء الوقت الذي رغب فيه الشابان في الزواج. وكان ذلك جزءًا من حكمة الله في خلقه، أن يتكاثر الناس ويكوّنوا أممًا مختلفة الثقافات والألوان. فأوحى الله إلى آدم أن يزوّج كل ابن من توأم الآخر. فامتثل آدم لأمر الله وأوصى أبناءه بذلك، لكنّ قابيل لم يرضَ بالزوجة التي اختيرت له، إذ لم تكن توأم هابيل أجملَ من أخته هو.

The time arrived when the two young men desired life partners. This was part of Allah’s plan for mankind, to multiply and form nations with different cultures and colors. Allah revealed to Adam that he should marry each son to the twin sister of the other. Adam instructed his children according to Allah's command, but Cain was displeased with the partner chosen for him, for Abel's twin sister was not as beautiful as his own.

يبدو أنه منذ بداية الزمان كان الجمال الجسدي عاملاً في الانجذاب بين الرجل والمرأة. وقد أدى هذا الانجذاب إلى أن يحسد قابيل أخاه هابيل. فتمرد على أمر الله بأن رفض قبول نصيحة أبيه.

It appears that since the beginning of time, physical beauty has been a factor in the attraction between man and women. This attraction caused Cain to envy his brother Abel. He rebelled against Allah's command by refusing to accept his father's advice.

على الرغم من أن تمرد قابيل قد يبدو غريبًا للوهلة الأولى، ينبغي أن نتذكر أن الإنسان وإن كانت فطرته نقية، إلا أن احتمال الازدواجية قائم فيه. وبعبارة أخرى، كان فيه خصال حسنة وخصال سيئة. فقد يصير حريصًا، طامعًا، شحيحًا بالتملك، أنانيًا، بل ومدمّرًا. وعليه فالإنسان قادر على السعي وراء إشباع ذاته ولو أدّى ذلك إلى الخسران في الدنيا والآخرة. أما طريق الخير فيكمن في تسخير العدوّ الذي في داخله، وهو نفسه الأمّارة بالسوء، وذلك بضبط الأفكار والأعمال السيئة، والاعتدال في رغباته وتصرفاته. وجزاؤه حينئذٍ نعيم الدنيا والآخرة. وبهذا يبتلينا الله تعالى من خلال طبيعتنا المزدوجة.

At first glance Cain's rebellion might appear strange, but we should remember that although man has a pure nature, the potential for dichotomy exists. In other words, he had both good and bad qualities. He can become greedy, covetous, possessive, selfish and even destructive. Man is, therefore capable of seeking self-satisfaction even if it leads to failure in this life and in the hereafter. The path to goodness lies in harnessing the enemy within him, his baser self by controlling evil thoughts and deeds and practicing moderation in his desires and actions. His reward then will be the delights of this world and the hereafter. Thus Allah tests us through our divided nature.

كان آدم في حيرة. أراد السلام والوئام في أسرته، فدعا الله للعون. فأمر الله أن يقدّم كل ابن قربانًا، ومن قُبل قربانه كان له الحق. فقرّب هابيل أفضل إبله، وقرّب قابيل أردأ حبوبه. ولم يتقبّل الله قربان قابيل بسبب عصيانه لأبيه وعدم إخلاصه في قربانه. فازداد قابيل غضبًا. ولما أدرك أن آماله في الزواج من أخته الجميلة تتلاشى، هدّد أخاه قائلًا: "لأقتلنّك! لن أرى نفسي شقيًا وأنت سعيد!" فأشفق هابيل على أخيه، وأجابه: "كان الأولى بك يا أخي أن تبحث عن سبب شقائك ثم تسلك طريق السلام. إن الله لا يتقبل الأعمال إلا من الذين يعبدونه ويخافونه، لا من الذين يرفضون أوامره."

Adam was in a dilemma. He wanted peace and harmony in his family, so he invoked Allah for help. Allah commanded that each son offer a sacrifice, and he whose offering was accepted would have right on his side. Abel offered his best camel while Cain offered his worst grain. His sacrifice was not accepted by Allah because of his disobedience to his father and the insincerity in his offering. This enraged Cain even further. Realizing that his hopes marrying his own beautiful sister were fading, he threatened his brother. "I will kill you! I refuse to see you happy while I remain unhappy!" Abel feeling sorry for his brother, replied, "It would be more proper for you, my brother to search for the cause of your unhappiness and then walk in the way of peace. Allah accepts the deeds only from those who serve and fear Him, not from those who reject His Commands."

كان هابيل ذكيًا، مطيعًا، ومستعدًا دائمًا لامتثال مشيئة الله. وكان هذا على النقيض تمامًا من أخيه الذي كان متكبرًا، أنانيًا، وعاصيًا لربه. لم يخشَ هابيل تهديدات أخيه، لكنه لم يُرِد أيضًا أن يُصاب أخوه بأذى، فقد أنعم الله على هابيل بالطهارة والرحمة.

Abel was intelligent, obedient, and always ready to obey the will of Allah. This contrasted sharply with his brother who was arrogant, selfish and disobedient to his Lord. Abel did not fear his brother's threats, but neither did he want his brother to be hurt, Allah had blessed Abel with purity and compassion.

لتخفيف الكراهية المشتعلة في نفس أخيه، قال هابيل: «يا أخي، إنك تنحرف عن الطريق الحق، وتأثم في قراراتك. فالأولى بك أن تتوب إلى الله، وتنسى تهديدك الأحمق. فإن لم تفعل، فإني أترك الأمر إلى الله. أنت وحدك ستتحمل عاقبة ذنبك، فإن النار هي جزاء الظالمين». لم تُجْدِ هذه المناشدة الأخوية شيئًا في تخفيف الحقد في قلب قابيل، ولم يُظهر خوفه من عقاب الله. بل تجاوز حتى الاعتبارات الأسرية. فضرب قابيل أخاه بحجر فقتله في الحال. وكانت هذه أول وفاة، وأول جريمة يرتكبها إنسان على الأرض.

Hoping to allay the hatred seething in his brother Abel said, " My brother, you are deviating from the right path and are sinful in your decisions. It is better that you repent to Allah and forget about your foolish threat. But if you do not then I will leave the matter in the hands of Allah. You alone will bear the consequence of your sin, for the Fire is the reward of the wrong-doers." This brotherly plea did nothing to lessen the hatred in Cain's heart, nor did he show fear of Allah's punishment. Even familial considerations were cast aside. Cain struck his brother with a stone killing him instantly. This was the first death and the first criminal act committed by man on earth.

لَمَّا غَابَ هَابِيلُ مُدَّةً مِنَ الزَّمَنِ، شَرَعَ آدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ يَبْحَثُ عَنْهُ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ لِوَلَدِهِ الْحَبِيبِ أَثَرًا. فَسَأَلَ قَابِيلَ عَنْ مَكَانِ هَابِيلَ، فَأَجَابَهُ قَابِيلُ بِوَقَاحَةٍ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ حَارِسًا لِأَخِيهِ وَلَا كَفِيلًا عَلَيْهِ. وَمِنْ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ فَهِمَ أَبُوهُ أَنَّ هَابِيلَ قَدْ مَاتَ، فَامْتَلَأَ آدَمُ حُزْنًا.

When Abel had not appeared for some time, Adam began to search for him but found no trace of his beloved son. He asked Cain about Abel's whereabouts. Cain insolently replied that he was not his brother's keeper nor his protector. From these words his father understood that Abel was dead and Adam was filled with grief.

في الأثناء لم يعرف قابيل ماذا يفعل بجثة أخيه. فحمله على ظهره وجعل يتجول من مكان إلى آخر محاولًا إخفاءها. وقد هدأ غضبه الآن، وأثقل ضميره بالذنب. وكان يتعب تحت حمل الجثة التي بدأت تنبعث منها رائحة كريهة. ومن رحمة الله، ولإظهار أن الكرامة يمكن أن تُصان حتى بعد الموت، أرسل الله غرابين بدأا يتقاتلان، فمات أحدهما. فاستعمل الغراب المنتصر منقاره ومخالبه ليحفر حفرة في الأرض، ودحرج فريسته فيها، ثم غطّاها بالرمل.

Meanwhile Cain did not know what to do with his brother's corpse. He carried it on his back wandering from place to place trying to hide it. His anger had now subsided and his conscience was saddled with guilt. He was tiring under the burden of the corpse which had started to have a stench. As a mercy, and to show that dignity could be retained even in death, Allah sent two ravens that began fighting, causing the death of one. The victorious bird used its beak and claws to dig a hole in the ground, rolled its victim into it and covered it with sand.

فلمّا شاهد ذلك، أخذ قابيل الندم والحياء، فقال: «يا ويلتا! عجزتُ أن أكون مثل هذا الغراب، فأواري جثة أخي». فدفن قابيل أخاه. وكان هذا أول دفنٍ للإنسان.

Witnessing this, Cain was overcome with shame and remorse. "Woe unto me!" he exclaimed. "I was unable to do what this raven has done, that is to hide my brother's corpse." Cain then buried his brother. This was also the first burial of man.

قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى:

Allah the Almighty revealed:

وَاتْلُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَبَأَ ابْنَيْ آدَمَ بِالْحَقِّ إِذْ قَرَّبَا قُرْبَانًا فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِمَا وَلَمْ يُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ قَالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّكَ ۝ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِينَ ۝ لَئِن بَسَطتَ إِلَيَّ يَدَكَ لِتَقْتُلَنِي مَا أَنَا بِبَاسِطٍ يَدِيَ إِلَيْكَ لَأَقْتُلَكَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعَالَمِينَ ۝ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَن تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِي وَإِثْمِكَ فَتَكُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّارِ وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَاءُ الظَّالِمِينَ ۝ فَطَوَّعَتْ لَهُ نَفْسُهُ قَتْلَ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ ۝ فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ غُرَابًا يَبْحَثُ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُرِيَهُ كَيْفَ يُوَارِي سَوْءَةَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ يَا وَيْلَتَىٰ أَعَجَزْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَٰذَا الْغُرَابِ فَأُوَارِيَ سَوْءَةَ أَخِي فَأَصْبَحَ مِنَ النَّادِمِينَ ۝

" And (O Muhammad) recite to them (the Jews) the story of the two sons of Adam (Abel and Cain) in truth; when each offered a sacrifice to Allah, it was accepted from the one but not from the other. The latter said to the former; "I will surely kill you." The former said: "Verily Allah accepts only from those who are Al Muttaqeen (the pious). If you do stretch your hand against me to kill me I shall never stretch my hand against you to kill you, for I fear Allah; the Lord of the Alameen (mankind, jinn, and all that exists). Verily I intend to let you draw my sin onyourself as well as yours then you will be one of the dwellers of the Fire, and that is the recompense of the Zalimeen (polytheists, and wrongdoers)." So the self of the other (latter one) encouraged him and made fair seeming to him the murder of his brother; he murdered him and became one of the losers. Allah sent a crow who scratched the ground to show him to hide the dead body of his brother. He (the murderer) said: "Woe to me! Am I not even able to be as this crow and to hide the dead body of my brother?" Then he became one of those who regretted. (Ch 5:27-31).

روى ابنُ عباسٍ وابنُ مسعودٍ وجماعةٌ من صحابةِ النبيِّ ﷺ أنّ الزواجَ بين توأمِ حملٍ وتوأمةِ حملٍ آخرَ كان جاريًا في أولادِ آدمَ عليه السلام. فأرادَ هابيلُ أن يتزوّجَ أختَ قابيلَ، لكنّ قابيلَ أرادها لنفسِه لأنها كانت شديدةَ الجمالِ. فأمرَهُ آدمُ أن يزوّجَها أخاه فأبى، فأمرَهما آدمُ أن يُقرّبا قربانًا ثم ذهبَ إلى مكةَ لأداءِ الحجّ. فلما غابَ آدمُ قرّبا قربانَهما؛ فقرّبَ هابيلُ كبشًا سمينًا، وكان راعيًا، بينما قرّبَ قابيلُ حزمةً من أرديءِ الزرعِ. فنزلتْ نارٌ فأكلتْ قربانَ هابيلَ وتركتْ قربانَ قابيلَ، فغضبَ وقال: "لأقتلنّك حتى لا تتزوّجَ أختي." فردّ هابيلُ: "إنما يتقبّلُ اللهُ من المتقين." وبحسبِ أبي جعفرٍ الباقرِ، كان آدمُ يراقبُ قربانَهما وكان متيقّنًا أن قربانَ هابيلَ سيُتقبّل. فشكا قابيلُ إلى آدمَ أن القبولَ كان بسببِ دعائِه لهابيلَ، وأنه لم يفعلْ ذلك له، فوعدَ أباه بأن يحسمَ الأمرَ بينه وبين أخيه. وذاتَ ليلةٍ تأخّرَ هابيلُ في العودةِ من رعيِ غنمِه، فأرسلَ آدمُ قابيلَ ليرى ما أصابَه. فلما وجدَه حدّقَ فيه قائلًا: "قُبِلَ قربانُك ولم يُقبَلْ قربانِي." فردّ هابيلُ: "إنما يتقبّلُ اللهُ من المتقين." فاشتدَّ غضبُ قابيلَ عند سماعِ ذلك، فضربَه بقطعةِ حديدٍ كانت معه فقتلَه. وفي روايةٍ أخرى أنه قتلَه بحجرٍ على رأسِه وهو نائمٌ.

Ibn Abbas, Ibn Masud and a group of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) related that inter-marriage of the male of one pregnancy with the female of another had been in practice among Adam's children. Abel wanted to marry Cain's sister, but Cain wanted her for himself because she was very beautiful. Adam ordered him to give her in marriage to his brother but he refused. So Adam ordered both of them to offer a sacrifice, then went to Mecca to perform the pilgrimage. After Adam had left, they offered their sacrifices; Abel offered a fat lamb, he was a shepherd, while Cain offered a bundle of worst grain. Fire descended and devoured Abel's sacrifice, leaving that of Cain so he became angry and said: "I will surely kill you so that you will not marry my sister." Abel replied, "Allah accepts from those who fear Him." According to Abu Ja'afar al Baqer, Adam was watching their offering and was sure that Abel's sacrifice would be accepted. Cain complained to Adam that the acceptance was due to his supplication for Abel and that he had not done the same for him, so he promised his father to settle the matter between himself and his brother. One night, Abel was late returning from tending his flock. Adam sent Cain to see what happened to him. When he found him, he glared at him saying: "Yours was accepted, and mine was not." Abel replied, "Allah only accepts from the Allah-fearing." Cain became angry on hearing this and hit him with a piece of iron that was with him and thus killing him. In another version it was said that he killed him with a rock to the head while he was sleeping.

حزن آدم حزنًا شديدًا على فقد ابنيه؛ فقد مات أحدهما، وأُغوي الآخر فاستمال الشيطانُ قلبَه. فدعا آدمُ لابنه، وانشغل بأمور الحياة الدنيا، إذ كان عليه أن يكدح لتحصيل رزقه. وفي الوقت نفسه كان نبيًّا يُسدي النصح لأبنائه وأحفاده، ويحدّثهم عن الله، ويدعوهم إلى الإيمان به. وحدّثهم عن إبليس، وحذّرهم بسرد تجربته الشخصية مع الشيطان، وكيف أغوى قابيلَ حتى قتل أخاه.

Adam was utterly grief stricken by the loss of his two sons. One was dead, the other was won over by the devil. Adam prayed for his son and turned to mundane matters for he had to toil for his sustenance. At the same time he was a prophet advising his children and grandchildren, telling them about Allah and calling them to believe in Him. He told them about Iblis and warned them by recounting his own experience with the devil and of how the devil had tempted Cain to kill his brother.

سَنَوَاتٌ وَسَنَوَاتٌ مَرَّتْ، وَشَاخَ آدَمُ، وَانْتَشَرَ أَبْنَاؤُهُ فِي أَرْجَاءِ الأَرْضِ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا دَنَا أَجَلُ آدَمَ، جَعَلَ ابْنَهُ شِيثًا وَصِيًّا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَعَلَّمَهُ سَاعَاتِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ مَعَ مَا يُنَاسِبُهَا مِنَ الْعِبَادَاتِ. وَأَخْبَرَهُ أَيْضًا بِالطُّوفَانِ الَّذِي سَيَأْتِي.

Years and years passed, Adam grew old and his children spread all over the earth. Muhammad Ibn Ishaq related that when Adam's death drew near, he appointed his son Seth to be his successor and taught him the hours of the day and night along with their appropriate acts of worship. He also foretold to him the floor that would come.

عن أبي ذر قال: قال رسول الله ﷺ: «أنزل الله مائة وأربع صحف، خمسين صحيفة على شيث».

Abu Dhar narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: "Allah sent down 104 psalms, of which 50 were sent down to Seth."

عبد الله بن الإمام أحمد بن حنبل روى عن أُبيّ بن كعب أنه قال: «لما حضر آدم الموت قال لبنيه: يا بني إني أجد في نفسي شهوةً لثمار الجنة. فذهبوا يلتمسون له ما طلب آدم، فلقيتهم الملائكة وكان معهم كفنه وحَنوطه، فقالوا لهم: يا بني آدم، ما تبغون؟ وأين تريدون؟ قالوا: أبونا مريض يشتهي ثمار الجنة. فقالت لهم الملائكة: ارجعوا، فإن أباكم قد قضى. فرجعوا (مع الملائكة)، فلما رأتهم حواء عرفتهم، فتسترت منهم بآدم، فقال لها: دعيني وإياهم، فإني قد جئت قبلك، ولا تحولي بيني وبين ملائكة ربي. فقبضوا روحه، وحنّطوه وكفّنوه، وحفروا له قبره، وأدخلوه قبره، وصلّوا عليه، ثم أدخلوه قبره، وقالوا: يا بني آدم، هذه سنتكم في الموتى». وقبل وفاته طمأن آدم أبناءه أن الله لن يترك الإنسان وحده في الأرض، بل سيبعث إليهم رسله ليهدوهم؛ وسيكون للرسل أسماء وصفات ومعجزات مختلفة، لكنهم سيتّحدون في أمر واحد، وهو الدعوة إلى عبادة الله وحده. وكانت هذه وصية آدم لأبنائه. ففرغ آدم من كلامه وأغمض عينيه. ثم دخلت الملائكة حجرته فأحاطت به، فلما رأى ملك الموت بينهم انشرح قلبه بالسكينة.

Abdullah Ibn Al Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal narrated that Ubai Ibn Kab said: "When Adam's death was near, he said to his children: "O my children, indeed I feel an appetite for the fruits of Paradise." So they went away searching for what Adam had requested. They met with the angels, who had with them his shroud and what he was to be embalmed with. They said to them: "O Children of Adam, what are you searching for? What do you want? Where are you going?" They said: "Our father is sick and has an appetite for the fruits of Paradise." The angels said to them: "Go back, for your father is going to meet his end soon." So they returned (with the angels) and when Eve saw them she recognized them. She tried to hide herself behind Adam. He said to her. "Leave me alone. I came before you; do not go between me and the angels of my Lord." So they took his soul, embalmed and wrapped him, dug the grave and laid him in it. They prayed on him and put him in his grave, saying: "O Children of Adam, this is your tradition at the time of death."" Before his death Adam reassured his children that Allah would not leave man alone on the earth, but would sent His prophets to guide them. The prophets would have different names, traits and miracles, but they would be united in one thing; the call to worship Allah alone. This was Adam's bequest to his children. Adam finished speaking and closed his eyes. Then the angels entered his room and surrounded him. When he recognized the Angel of Death among them, his heart smiled peacefully.

بعد وفاة آدم، تولّى ابنه شيث (شيت) مسؤوليات النبوة، وذلك وفقًا للحديث الذي رواه أبو ذر. قال أبو ذر: إن النبي ﷺ

After Adam's death, his soth Seth (Shiith) took over the responsibilities of prophethood, according to a hadith narrated by Abu Dhar. Abu Dhar narrated that Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

قال النبي ﷺ: «أنزل الله مئةً وأربعةَ كتبٍ، منها خمسون صحفاً أُنزلت على شيث». (صحيح البخاري) ولما جاء أجل شيث خلفه ابنه أنوش، ثم خلفه ابنه قينان، ثم خلفه مهلاييل. وزعم الفرس أن مهلاييل كان ملك الأقاليم السبعة، وأنه أول من قطع الأشجار لبناء المدن والحصون الكبيرة، وأنه بنى مدن بابل. وقد حكم مدةَ أربعين سنة. ولما مات تولى أمورَه ابنه يارد، الذي أوصى عند موته بها إلى ابنه خنوخ، وهو إدريس عليه السلام عند جمهور العلماء.

said: "Allah sent down one hundred and four psalms, of which fifty were sent down to Seth." (Sahih al Bukhari) When the time of his death came Seth's son Anoush succeeded him. He in turn, was succeeded by his son Qinan, who was succeeded by Mahlabeel. The Persians claim that Mahlabeel was the King of the Seven Regions, that he was the first one to cut down trees to build cities and large forts and that he built the cities of Babylonia. He reigned for a period of forty years. When he died his duties were taken ov er by his son Yard, who on his death, bequeathed them to his son Khonoukh, who is Idris (pbuh) according to the majority of the scholars.