في كثير من آيات القرآن الكريم نفى الله تعالى دعوى النصارى أن له ولدًا.

In many verses of the Glorious Qur'an Allah the Exalted denied the claim of the Christians that He has a son.

جاء وفدٌ من نجران إلى النبي ﷺ، فأخذوا يتحدثون عن دعواهم في التثليث، وهو أن الله ثلاثةٌ في واحد: الأب، والابن، وروح القدس، مع اختلافٍ بين فرقهم في ذلك. ولهذا أكّد الله تعالى في آياتٍ كثيرةٍ من القرآن الكريم أن عيسى عبدُ الله، صوّره في رحم أمه كسائر مخلوقاته، وأنه خلقه بلا أبٍ كما خلق آدم بلا أبٍ ولا أمّ. وقد اصطفى الله تعالى عيسى عليه السلام ليكون أحد رسله إلى البشر.

A delegation from Nagran came to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). They began to talk about their claim about the Trinity, which is that Allah is three in one, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, with some disagreement among their sects. That is why Allah affirmed in many verses of the Qur'an that Jesus is a slave of Allah, whom He molded in the womb of his mother like any other of His creatures, and that He created him without a father, as He created Adam without a father or a mother. Almighty Allah had chosen Isa to be one of his messengers to humanity.

قال الله تعالى:

Allah the Almighty said:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَىٰ آدَمَ وَنُوحًا وَآلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ ذُرِّيَّةً بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ

"Allah chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham and the family of Imran above the Alamin (mankind and jinns)(of their times). Offspring, one of theo other, and Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.

وَاذْكُرْ إِذْ قَالَتِ امْرَأَتُ عِمْرَانَ رَبِّ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لَكَ مَا فِي بَطْنِي مُحَرَّرًا فَتَقَبَّلْ مِنِّي ۖ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ۝ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتْهَا قَالَتْ رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُهَا أُنْثَىٰ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ وَلَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنْثَىٰ ۖ وَإِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ

Remember when the wife of Imran said: "O my Lord! I have vowed to You what (the child that) is in my womb to be dedicated for Your services (free from all worldly work; to serve Your Place of worship), so accept this, from me. Verily, You are the All-Hearer, the All Knowing." Then when she delivered her (child Mary), she said: "O my Lord! I have delivered a female child," and Allah knew better what she delivered, - "and the male is not like the female, and I have named her Mary, and I seek refuge with You (Allah) for her and for her offspring from Satan, the outcast."

فَتَقَبَّلَهَا رَبُّهَا بِقَبُولٍ حَسَنٍ وَأَنْبَتَهَا نَبَاتًا حَسَنًا وَكَفَّلَهَا زَكَرِيَّا، كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا زَكَرِيَّا الْمِحْرَابَ وَجَدَ عِنْدَهَا رِزْقًا

So her Lord (Allah) accepted her with goodly acceptance. He made her grow in a good manner and put her under the care of Zechariah. Every time he entered Al-Mihrab (a praying place or a private room), he found her supplied with sustenance.

كَمَا قَصَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْقُرْآنِ الْعَظِيمِ:

As Allah recounted in the Glorious Quran:

قالت: "هُوَ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَرْزُقُ مَن يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ". [سورۃ آل عمران: ٣٧]

She said: "From Allah. Verily, Allah provides sustenance to whom He wills, without limit." (Ch 3:37 Quran)

أَخْبَرَ اللهُ أَنَّهُ اصْطَفَى آدَمَ وَصَفْوَةً مِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ مِمَّنْ أَطَاعَ اللهَ.

Allah declared that He had elected Adam (pbuh) and the elite of his offspring who obey Allah.

ثُمَّ خَصَّ آلَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَهُمْ يَشْمَلُونَ أَبْنَاءَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَآلَ عِمْرَانَ، أَبَا مَرْيَمَ.

Then He specified the family of Abraham (pbuh), which includes the sons of Ishmael (pbuh), and the family of Imran, the father of Mary.

قال محمد بن إسحاق إنه عمران بن بشيم، بن آمون، بن ميشا، بن حزقيا، بن أحريق، بن متّام، بن عزازيا، بن أميصا، بن يامش، بن أحريهو، بن يازم، بن يحفشات، بن عيشا، بن إيام، بن رحبعام، بن داود (داوُد).

Muhammad Ibn Ishaaq stated that he was Imran Ibn Bashim, Ibn Amun, Ibn Misha, Ibn Hosqia, Ibn Ahriq, Ibn Mutham, Ibn Azazia, Ibn Amisa, Ibn Yamish, Ibn Ahrihu, Ibn Yazem, Ibn Yahfashat, Ibn Eisha, Ibn Iyam, Ibn Rahba am, Ibn David (Dawud).

ابنةُ أختِ زوجةِ النبيِّ زكريا عليه السلام كانت اسمُها حنّة، وكانت متزوجةً من عمرانَ، وهو زعيمٌ من بني إسرائيل. ومكثَ الزوجانِ سنواتٍ طويلةً بلا أولاد. وكلّما رأتِ امرأةً تحملُ طفلًا، ازدادَ شوقُها إلى طفلٍ. ومع مرورِ السنين لم تفقدْ أملَها أبدًا، وكانت تؤمنُ بأنّ اللهَ سيرزقُها يومًا ولدًا تغمرُه بكلِّ حنانِ الأمومةِ.

Prophet Zakariyah's (pbuh) wife's sister had a daughter named Hannah. She was married to Imran, a leader of the Israelites. For many years, the couple remained childless. Whenever Hannah saw another woman with a child, her longing for a baby increased. Although years had passed, she never lost hope. She believed that one day Allah would bless her with a child, on whom she would shower all her motherly love.

فَتَوَجَّهَتْ إِلَى رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَسَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَرْزُقَهَا وَلَدًا. وَكَانَتْ تَنْذُرُ أَنْ تُقَدِّمَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدَ فِي خِدْمَةِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ، فِي الْمِحْرَابِ بِبَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ. فَاسْتَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَهَا. وَلَمَّا عَلِمَتْ أَنَّهَا حَامِلٌ، كَانَتْ أَسْعَدَ امْرَأَةٍ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ، فَشَكَرَتِ اللَّهَ عَلَى عَطَائِهِ. وَشَكَرَ زَوْجُهَا عِمْرَانُ، وَقَدْ غَمَرَهُ الْفَرَحُ، رَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ.

She turned to the Lord of the heavens and the earth and pleaded with Him for a child. She would offer the child in the service of Allah's house, in the temple of Jerusalem. Allah granted her request. When she learned that she was pregnant, she was the happiest woman alive, and thanked Allah for His gift. Her overjoyed husband Imran also thanked Allah for His mercy.

ومع ذلك، وبينما كانت حاملاً توفي زوجها. بكت حنة بكاءً مريراً. وللأسف، لم يعش عمران حتى يرى مولودهما الذي طالما تاقا إليه. وضعت بنتاً، فعادت إلى الله تعالى بالدعاء مرة أخرى:

However, while she was pregnant her husband passed away. Hannah wept bitterly. Alas, Imran did not live to see their child for whom they had so longed. She gave birth to a girl, and again turned to Allah in prayer:

﴿رَبِّ إِنِّي وَضَعْتُهَا أُنثَىٰ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا وَضَعَتْ وَلَيْسَ الذَّكَرُ كَالْأُنثَىٰ وَإِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهَا مَرْيَمَ وَإِنِّي أُعِيذُهَا بِكَ وَذُرِّيَّتَهَا مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ﴾

"O my Lord, I have delivered a female child," and the male is not like the female, and I have named her Mary, and I seek refuge with You (Allah) for her and her offspring from Satan, the outcast." (Ch 3:36 Quran)

كانت حَنَّة في مشكلة كبيرة بسبب نذرها لله، إذ لم تكن الإناث تُقبَل في المعبد، وكانت في غاية القلق. فطمأنها زوج أختها زكرياء، قائلاً إن الله أعلم بما وضعته، وإنه يقدّر تمامًا ما قدّمته في خدمته. فلفّت الطفلة في شال وسلّمتها إلى شيوخ المعبد. ولأن المولودة كانت أنثى، طرح أمر كفالتها مشكلةً أمام الشيوخ. فقد كانت هذه الطفلة ابنةَ زعيمهم الراحل الحبيب، وكان الجميع حريصين على رعايتها. فقال زكرياء للشيوخ:

Hannah had a big problem in reference to her promise to Allah, for females were not accepted into the temple, and she was very worried. Her sister's husband Zakariyah, comforted her, saying that Allah knew best what she had delivered and appreciated fully what she had offered in His service. She wrapped the baby in a shawl and handed it over to the temple elders. As the baby was a girl, the question of her guardianship posed a problem for the elders. This was a child of their late and beloved leader, and everyone was eager to take care of her. Zakariyah said to the elders:

"أنا زوج خالتها، وأقربهم إليها منزلةً في المعبد، فلذلك أكون أحرص عليها منكم جميعًا." ولما كانت عادتهم أن يقترعوا لفضّ النزاعات، سلكوا هذا السبيل. فأُعطي كلٌّ منهم قصبةً ليلقيها في النهر، وكانوا قد اتفقوا على أن من بقيت قصبته طافيةً فوق الماء نالت كفالة الفتاة. فغرقت جميع القصبات إلى القاع إلا قصبة زكريا.

"I am the husband of her maternal aunt and her nearest relation in the temple; therefore, I will be more mindful of her than all of you." As it was their custom to draw lots to solve disagreements, they followed this course. Each one was given a reed to throw into the river. They had agreed that whoever's reed remained afloat would be granted guardianship of the girl. All the reeds sank to the bottom except Zakariyah's.

بِهٰذِهِ الْآيَةِ، أَسْلَمُوا جَمِيعًا لِإِرَادَةِ اللهِ، وَجَعَلُوهُ وَلِيًّا لَهُمْ.

With this sign, they all surrendered to the will of Allah and made him the guardian.

لِيَضْمَنَ أَلَّا يَصِلَ إِلَى مَرْيَمَ أَحَدٌ، بَنَى زَكَرِيَّا لَهَا غُرْفَةً مُنْفَصِلَةً فِي الْمِحْرَابِ.

To ensure that no one had access to Mary, Zakariyah built a separate room for her in the temple.

فلما كبرت، قضت وقتها في عبادة الله. وكان زكريا يزورها يوميًا ليتفقد احتياجاتها، واستمر ذلك سنين طويلة. وفي يوم من الأيام، تفاجأ حين وجد في غرفتها فاكهة طازجة، وكانت خارج موسمها. ولما كان هو الشخص الوحيد الذي يستطيع دخول غرفتها، سألها كيف وصلت الفاكهة إلى هناك. فأجابته بأن هذا الرزق من عند الله، فهو يرزق من يشاء. وفهم زكريا من ذلك أن الله قد رفع منزلة مريم فوق منزلة غيرها من النساء.

As she grew up, she spent her time in devotion to Allah. Zakariyah visited her daily to see to her needs, and so it continued for many years. One day, he was surprised to find fresh fruit, which was out of season in her room. As he was the only person who could enter her room, he asked her how the fruit got there. She replied that these provisions were from Allah, as He gives to whom He wills. Zakariyah understood by this that Allah had raised Mary's status above that of other women.

ثُمَّ أَخَذَ زَكَرِيَّا يُمْضِي وَقْتًا أَطْوَلَ مَعَهَا، يُعَلِّمُهَا وَيُرْشِدُهَا. فَصَارَتْ مَرْيَمُ عَابِدَةً للهِ، تُسَبِّحُهُ لَيْلًا وَنَهَارًا.

Thereafter, Zakariyah spent more time with her, teaching and guiding her. Mary grew to be a devotee of Allah, glorifying Him day and night.

عن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه قال: قال النبي ﷺ: «خير نساء العالمين مريم، وخير نساء العالمين خديجة». (صحيح البخاري)

Ali Ibn Abi Talib narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: "The best of the world's women is Mary (in her lifetime), and the best of the world's women is Khadija (in her lifetime)." (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: «كَمُلَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ كَثِيرٌ، وَلَمْ يَكْمُلْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَرْيَمُ ابْنَةُ عِمْرَانَ، وَآسِيَةُ امْرَأَةُ فِرْعَوْنَ، وَإِنَّ فَضْلَ عَائِشَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ كَفَضْلِ الثَّرِيدِ عَلَى سَائِرِ الطَّعَامِ».

Abu Musa Al-Ashari also narrated that the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said: "May among men attained perfection but among women none attained perfection except Mary the daughter of Imran, and Asiya the wife of Pharaoh, and the superiority of Aisha to other women is like the superiority of Tharid (an Arabic dish) to other meals."

بَيْنَمَا كَانَتْ مَرْيَمُ تُصَلِّي فِي مِحْرَابِهَا، ظَهَرَ أَمَامَهَا مَلَكٌ فِي هَيْئَةِ رَجُلٍ. فَامْتَلَأَتْ رُعْبًا، وَحَاوَلَتْ أَنْ تَفِرَّ، وَهِيَ تَدْعُو:

While Mary was praying in her temple, an angel in the form of a man appeared before her. Filled with terror, she tried to flee, praying:

{إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ مِنكَ إِن كُنتَ تَقِيًّا} قَالَ: {إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا} قَالَتْ: {أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي بَشَرٌ وَلَمْ أَكُ بَغِيًّا} قَالَ: {كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ آيَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَرَحْمَةً مِّنَّا وَكَانَ أَمْرًا مَّقْضِيًّا} [سورۃ مريم: 18-21]

"Verily! I seek refuge with the Most Beneficent (Allah) from you, if you do fear Allah." The angel said: "I am only a Messenger from your Lord, (to announce) to you the gift of a righteous son." She said: "How can I have a son, when no man has touched me, nor am I unchaste?" He said: "So (it will be), your Lord said: "That is easy for me (Allah): And (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind and a mercy from Us (Allah), and it is a matter (already) decreed, (by Allah).'" (Ch 19:18-21 Quran)

أحدث زيارة الملَك لمريم قلقاً شديداً، وازداد هذا القلق مع مرور الأشهر. كيف تستطيع أن تواجه ولادة طفل دون أن يكون لها زوج؟ ثم شعرت لاحقاً بالحياة تتحرك في جوفها.

The angel's visit caused Mary great anxiety, which increased as the months went by. How could she face giving birth to a child without having a husband? Later, she felt life kicking inside her.

وغادرت المعبد بقلب مثقل بالحزن، وتوجهت إلى الناصرة، المدينة التي وُلدت فيها، فاستقرت في بيت ريفي بسيط لتتجنب أعين الناس.

With a heavy heart, she left the temple and went to Nazareth, the city in which she had been born where she settled in a simple farm house to avoid the public.

لكن الخوف والقلق لم يفارقاها. كانت من أسرة كريمة تقية، فلم يكن أبوها رجلاً سيئاً، ولا كانت أمها امرأة دنسة. فكيف تمنع الألسنة من الخوض في عرضها؟

But fear and anxiety did not leave her. She was from a noble and pious family. Her father had not been an evil man nor was her mother an impure woman. How could she prevent tongues from wagging about her honor?

بَعْدَ مُرُورِ عِدَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ، لَمْ تَعُدْ قَادِرَةً على تَحَمُّلِ الضَّغْطِ النَّفْسِيِّ. وَقَدْ أَثْقَلَ الحَمْلُ رَحِمَهَا، فَغَادَرَتِ النَّاصِرَةَ، دُونَ أَنْ تَعْرِفَ إِلَى أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ لِتَبْتَعِدَ عَنْ هَذِهِ الأَجْوَاءِ المُحْبِطَةِ.

After some months, she could not bear the mental strain any longer. Burdened with a heavy womb, she left Nazareth, not knowing where to go to be away from this depressing atmosphere.

ولم تكن قد ابتعدت كثيرًا حين أدركها مخاضُ الولادة، فلجأت إلى جذع نخلة يابسة فجلست عنده، فولدت هناك ولدًا. فلما نظرت إلى وليدها الجميل تألمت لأنها جاءت به إلى الدنيا بلا أب، فقالت: «يا ليتني مِتُّ قبل هذا وكنتُ نسيًا منسيًّا!». وفجأةً سمعت صوتًا قريبًا منها: ﴿فَنَادَاهَا مِن تَحْتِهَا أَلَّا تَحْزَنِي قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيًّا * وَهُزِّي إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ تُسَاقِطْ عَلَيْكِ رُطَبًا جَنِيًّا * فَكُلِي وَاشْرَبِي وَقَرِّي عَيْنًا﴾. وقد هدأت لبعض الوقت بمعجزة الله هذه، فكانت علامةً واضحةً على براءتها وطهارتها.

She had not gone far, when she was overtaken by the pains of childbirth. She saw down against a dry palm tree, and here she gave birth to a son. Looking at her beautiful baby, she was hurt that she had brought him into the world without a father. She exclaimed: "I wish I had died before this happened and had vanished into nothingness!" Suddenly, she heard a voice nearby: "Grieve not, your Lord has placed a rivulet below, and shake the trunk of this tree, from which ripe dates will fall. So eat and drink and regain the strength you have lost; and be of good cheer, for what you see is the power of Allah, Who made the dry palm tree regain life, in order to provide food for you." For a while she was comforted by Allah's miracle, for it was a sure sign of her innocence and purity.

مريم قررت أن ترجع إلى المدينة. لكن مخاوفها عادت هي الأخرى. ماذا ستقول للناس؟ وكأن الطفل شاركها قلقها، فبدأ يتكلم: "فإذا رأيت أحدًا من البشر فقولي".

Mary decided to return to the city. However, her fears also returned. What was she going to tell the people? As if sharinhis mother's worry, the baby began to speak: "If you meet any person say:

"إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ صَوْمًا فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنسِيًّا". وَبِهٰذِهِ الْآيَةِ اطْمَأَنَّتْ مَرْيَمُ.

'I have vowed to fast for The Beneficent and may not speak to any human today.'" With this miracle, Mary felt at ease.

لَمَّا وَصَلَتْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَفِي ذِرَاعَيْهَا طِفْلٌ حَدِيثُ الْوِلَادَةِ، كَمَا كَانَتْ تَتَوَقَّعُ، أَثَارَ قُدُومُهَا فُضُولَ النَّاسِ. فَوَبَّخُوهَا قَائِلِينَ: «إِنَّ مَا ارْتَكَبْتِهِ إِثْمٌ عَظِيمٌ.» فَوَضَعَتْ إِصْبَعَهَا عَلَى شَفَتَيْهَا وَأَشَارَتْ إِلَى الطِّفْلِ. فَسَأَلُوا: «كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ رَضِيعًا؟» وَلِدَهْشَتِهِمُ التَّامَّةِ، بَدَأَ الطِّفْلُ يَنْطِقُ بِوُضُوحٍ: «إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللهِ، آتَانِيَ الْكِتَابَ، وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيًّا، وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكًا أَيْنَمَا كُنْتُ، وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا، وَجَعَلَنِي بَرًّا بِوَالِدَتِي، وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا. وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَ وُلِدْتُ، وَيَوْمَ أَمُوتُ، وَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيًّا.» فَأَدْرَكَ أَكْثَرُ النَّاسِ أَنَّ الطِّفْلَ فَرِيدٌ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللهُ شَيْئًا قَالَ لَهُ: «كُنْ» فَيَكُونُ. وَبِالطَّبْعِ، كَانَ هُنَاكَ مَنْ عَدَّ كَلَامَ الطِّفْلِ حِيلَةً غَرِيبَةً، لَكِنَّ مَرْيَمَ اسْتَطَاعَتِ الْآنَ عَلَى الْأَقَلِّ أَنْ تَبْقَى فِي النَّاصِرَةِ دُونَ أَنْ تُضَايَقَ.

As she had expected, her arrival in the city with a newborn baby in her arms aroused the curiosity of the people. They scolded her: "This is a terrible sin that you have committed." She put her finger to her lips and pointed to the child. They asked: "How can we speak to a newborn baby?" To their total amazement, the child began to speak clearly: "I am Allah's servant. Allah has given me the Book, and has made me a prophet, and has blessed me wherever I may be, and has enjoined on me prayers and alms-giving as long as I live. Allah has made me dutiful towards she who had borne me. He has not made me arrogant nor unblessed. Peace unto me the day I was born, the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive." Most of the people realized that the baby was unique, for it Allah wills something, He merely says "Be" and it happens. Of course, there were some who regarded the baby's speech as a strange trick, but at least Mary could now stay in Nazareth without being harassed.

قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى:

Allah the Exalted revealed:

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَرْيَمَ إِذِ انْتَبَذَتْ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا مَكَانًا شَرْقِيًّا، فَاتَّخَذَتْ مِنْ دُونِهِمْ حِجَابًا، فَأَرْسَلْنَا إِلَيْهَا رُوحَنَا فَتَمَثَّلَ لَهَا بَشَرًا سَوِيًّا.

"And mention in the Book (the Qur'an, O Muhammad, the story of) Mary, when she withdrew in seclusion from her family to a place facing east. She placed a screen (to screen herself) from them; then We sent to her Our Ruh (angel Gabriel), and he appeared before her in the form of a man in all respects.

قَالَتْ: ﴿إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِالرَّحْمَٰنِ مِنْكَ إِن كُنتَ تَقِيًّا﴾. قَالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا أَنَا رَسُولُ رَبِّكِ لِأَهَبَ لَكِ غُلَامًا زَكِيًّا﴾. قَالَتْ: ﴿أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لِي غُلَامٌ وَلَمْ يَمْسَسْنِي بَشَرٌ وَلَمْ أَكُ بَغِيًّا﴾. قَالَ: ﴿كَذَٰلِكِ قَالَ رَبُّكِ هُوَ عَلَيَّ هَيِّنٌ وَلِنَجْعَلَهُ آيَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَرَحْمَةً مِّنَّا وَكَانَ أَمْرًا مَّقْضِيًّا﴾. (سورة مريم: 16-21)

She said: "Verily! I seek refuge with the Most Beneficent (Allah) from you, if you do fear Allah." The angel said: "I am only a Messenger from your Lord, (to announce) to you the gift of a righteous son." She said: "How can I have a son, when no man has touched me, nor am I unchaste?" He said: "So (it will be), your Lord said: "That is easy for Me (Allah): and (We wish) to appoint him as a sign to mankind and a mercy from Us (Allah), and it is a matter (already) decreed, (by Allah).'" (Ch. 19: 16-21)

فَحَمَلَتْهُ فَانْتَبَذَتْ بِهِ مَكَانًا قَصِيًّا (بِوَادِي بَيْتِ لَحْمٍ، عَلَى بُعْدِ أَرْبَعَةِ إِلَى سِتَّةِ أَمْيَالٍ مِنْ أُورُشَلِيمَ). فَأَجَاءَهَا الْمَخَاضُ إِلَى جِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ، قَالَتْ: يَا لَيْتَنِي مِتُّ قَبْلَ هَذَا وَكُنْتُ نَسْيًا مَنْسِيًّا. فَنَادَاهَا مِنْ تَحْتِهَا (الطِّفْلُ «عِيسَى» أَوْ جِبْرِيلُ): أَلَّا تَحْزَنِي، قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيًّا، وَهُزِّي إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ تُسَاقِطْ عَلَيْكِ رُطَبًا جَنِيًّا، فَكُلِي وَاشْرَبِي وَقَرِّي عَيْنًا، فَإِمَّا تَرَيِنَّ مِنَ الْبَشَرِ أَحَدًا فَقُولِي إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ صَوْمًا فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا.

So she conceived him, and she withdrew with him to a far place (Bethlehem valley, about four to six miles from Jerusalem). And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. She said: "Would that I had died before this, and had been forgotten and out of sight!" Then (the babe "Jesus" or Gabriel) cried unto her from below her, saying: "Grieve not! Your Lord has provided you a water stream under you; and shake the trunk of palm tree towards you, it will let fall fresh ripe dates upon you. So eat and drink and be glad, and if you see any human being, say: 'Verily! I have vowed a fast unto the Most Beneficent (Allah) so I shall not speak to any human being this day.'" (Ch. 19: 22-26)

ثُمَّ أَتَتْ بِهِ قَوْمَهَا تَحْمِلُهُ، قَالُوا: يَا مَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا (أمرًا عظيمًا غريبًا لم يُسمع بمثله). يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ (ليس أخا موسى، بل كان رجلا صالحا في زمن مريم)، مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا. فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ. قَالُوا: كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَنْ كَانَ فِي الْمَهْدِ صَبِيًّا؟ قَالَ: إِنِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ آتَانِيَ الْكِتَابَ وَجَعَلَنِي نَبِيًّا، وَجَعَلَنِي مُبَارَكًا أَيْنَ مَا كُنْتُ، وَأَوْصَانِي بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيًّا، وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَتِي وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِي جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَ وُلِدْتُ وَيَوْمَ أَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيًّا. [سورة مريم: 27 - 33]

"Then she brought him (the baby) to her people, carrying him. They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a thing Fariyya (an unheard mighty thing). O sister (the like) of Aaron (not the brother of Moses, but he was another pious man at the time of Mary)! Your father was not a man who used to commit adultery, nor was your mother an unchaste woman." Then she pointed to him. They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?" He (Jesus) said: "Verily! I am a slave of Allah. He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet; and He has made me blessed wheresoever I be, and has enjoined me prayer, and Zakat, as long as I live, and dutiful to my mother, and made me not arrogant, unblest. And Salam (peace) be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!" (Ch. 19:27 - 33)

ذَٰلِكَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ۚ قَوْلَ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي فِيهِ يَمْتَرُونَ ۝ مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ مِنْ وَلَدٍ ۖ سُبْحَانَهُ ۚ إِذَا قَضَىٰ أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ

Such is Jesus, son of Mary. (It is) a statement of truth, about which they doubt (or dispute). It befits not (the Majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son (this refers to the slander of Christians against Allah, by saying that Jesus is the son of Allah). Glorified (and Exalted be He above all that they associate with Him). When He decrees a thing, He only says to it, "Be!" - and it is.

قَالَ عِيسَىٰ: ﴿وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ ۚ هَٰذَا صِرَاطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ﴾ (دینِ اللہ کی توحیدِ اسلامی، جسے اس نے اپنے تمام انبیاء کے لیے مشروع کیا)۔ پھر فرقوں نے اختلاف کیا (عیسائیوں نے عیسیٰ کے بارے میں)، پس ان کافروں کے لیے ہلاکت ہے (جنہوں نے جھوٹی گواہی دی کہ عیسیٰ اللہ کے بیٹے ہیں) ایک عظیم دن کی حاضری سے (قیامت کا دن، جب انہیں بھڑکتی ہوئی آگ میں ڈالا جائے گا)۔

Jesus said: "And verily Allah is my Lord and your Lord. So worship Him (Alone). That is the Straight Path. (Allah's Religion of Islamic Monotheism which He did ordain for all of His Prophets)." Then the sects differed (the Christians about Jesus), so woe unto the disbeliveers (those who gave false witness saying that Jesus is the son of Allah) from the meeting of a great Day (the Day of Resurrection, when they will be thrown in the blazing Fire).

أَسْمِعْ بِهِمْ وَأَبْصِرْ يَوْمَ يَأْتُونَنَا، لَكِنَّ الظَّالِمُونَ الْيَوْمَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ. وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ إِذْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ وَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ.

How clearly will they (polytheists and disbeliveers in the Oneness of Allah) see and hear, the Day when they will appear before Us! But the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers) today are in plain error. And warn them (O Muhammad) of the Day of grief and regrets, when the case has been decided, while now they are in a state of carelessness and they believe not. (Ch 19:34-39 Quran)

قيل إن يوسف النجار تعجّب كثيرًا حين علم القصة، فسأل مريم: «هل يمكن أن تنبت شجرة بلا بذرة؟» فقالت: «نعم، الذي خلقها أول مرة». فسألها ثانيةً: «هل يمكن أن تحمل امرأة بلا رجل؟» فقالت: «نعم، فالله خلق آدم بلا ذكر ولا أنثى!». وقيل أيضًا إن مريم، وهي حامل، ذهبت يومًا إلى خالتها، فأخبرتها أنها تشعر كأنها حامل. فقالت مريم بدورها إنها هي أيضًا تشعر كأنها حامل. ثم قالت خالتها: «إني لأرى ما في بطني يسجد لما في بطنك».

It was said that Joseph the Carpenter was greatly surprised when he knew the story, so he asked Mary: "Can a tree come to grow without a seed?" She said: "Yes, the one which Allah created for the first time." He asked her again: "Is it possible to bear a child without a male partner?" She said: "Yes, Allah, created Adam without male or female!" It was also said that, while pregnant, Mary went one day to her aunt, who reported that she felt as if she was pregnant. Mary in turn, said that she, too, was feeling as if she was pregnant. Then her aunt said: "I can see what is in my womb prostrating to what is in your womb."

اعتبر الكهنة اليهود أن هذا الطفل عيسى خطرٌ، لأنهم رأوا أن الناس سيصرفون عبادتهم إلى الله سبحانه وتعالى وحده، فتزول التعاليم اليهودية القائمة، ويفقدون بذلك سلطتهم على الناس. لذلك كتموا معجزة كلام عيسى في المهد، واتهموا مريم بفعلةٍ عظيمة.

The Jewish priests felt this child Jesus was dangerous, for they felt that the people would turn their worship to Allah the Almighty Alone, displacing the existing Jewish tenets. Consequently, they would lose their authority over the people. Therefore, they kept the miracle of Jesus's speech in infancy as a secret and accused Mary of a great misdeed.

لَمَّا كَبِرَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، أَخَذَتْ عَلَامَاتُ النُّبُوَّةِ تَتَزَايَدُ. فَكَانَ يُخْبِرُ أَصْحَابَهُ بِنَوْعِ الْعَشَاءِ الَّذِي يَنْتَظِرُهُمْ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ، وَبِمَا أَخْفَوْهُ وَمَكَانِهِ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، صَحِبَ أُمَّهُ إِلَى أُورُشَلِيمَ. فَدَخَلَ هُنَاكَ الْهَيْكَلَ، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَى جَمْعٍ يَسْتَمِعُ إِلَى مُحَاضَرَةِ الْأَحْبَارِ (كَهَنَةِ الْيَهُودِ). وَكَانَ الْحَاضِرُونَ جَمِيعُهُمْ مِنَ الْبَالِغِينَ، لَكِنَّهُ لَمْ يَخَفْ أَنْ يَجْلِسَ مَعَهُمْ. وَبَعْدَ أَنِ اسْتَمَعَ بِانْتِبَاهٍ، سَأَلَ وَأَبْدَى رَأْيَهُ. وَقَدِ انْزَعَجَ الْأَحْبَارُ الْعُلَمَاءُ مِنْ جُرْأَةِ الْفَتَى، وَحَارُوا فِي الْأَسْئِلَةِ الَّتِي طَرَحَهَا، إِذْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِيعُوا الرَّدَّ عَلَيْهِ. فَحَاوَلُوا إِسْكَاتَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَجَاهَلَ مَسَاعِيَهُمْ وَوَاصَلَ عَرْضَ آرَائِهِ. وَاسْتَغْرَقَ عِيسَى فِي هَذَا الْحِوَارِ حَتَّى نَسِيَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مُنْتَظَرًا فِي بَيْتِهِ.

As Jesus (pbuh) grew, the signs of prophethood began to increase. He could tell his friends what kind of supper waited for them at home and what they had hidden and where. When he was twelve years old, he accompanied his mother to Jerusalem. There he wandered into the temple and joined a crowd listening to the lecture of the Rabbis (Jewish priests). The audience were all adults, but he was not afraid to sit with them. After listening intently, he asked questions and expressed his opinion. The learned rabbis were disturbed by the boy's boldness and puzzled by the questions he asked, for they were unable to answer him. They tried to silence him, but he ignored their attempts and continued to express his views. Jesus became so involved in this exchange that he forgot he as expected back home.

في غضون ذلك، عادت أمه إلى البيت، وهي تظن أنه ربما يكون قد رجع مع الأقارب أو الأصدقاء. وعندما وصلت، اكتشفت أنه لم يكن هناك، فعادت إلى المدينة تبحث عنه. وأخيرًا وجدته في الهيكل، جالسًا بين العلماء، يتحاور معهم. بدا مرتاحًا تمامًا، كأنه كان يفعل ذلك طوال حياته. غضبت مريم منه لأنه تسبب لها في القلق. فحاول أن يطمئنها بأن كل ذلك الجدال والمناظرة مع العلماء أنساه الوقت.

In the meantime, his mother went home, thinking that he might have gone back with relatives or friends. When she arrived, she discovered that he was not there, so she returned to the city to look for him. At last she found him in the temple, sitting among the learned, conversing with them. He appeared to be quite at east, as if he had been doing this all his life. Mary got angry with him for causing her worry. He tried to assure her that all the arguing and debating with the learned had made him forgot the time.

بلغ عيسى مبلغ الرجال. وكان يوم السبت، يوم راحة تامة: لا تُوقد نار ولا تُطفأ، ولا يجوز للنساء أن يضفرن شعورهن. وكان موسى (عليه السلام) قد أمر بأن يُخصّص يوم السبت لعبادة الله. غير أن الحكمة من السبت وروحه كانت قد ذهبت، ولم يبقَ في قلوب اليهود إلا ظاهر اللفظ. كما كانوا يظنون أن السبت يُحفظ في السماء، وأن بني إسرائيل إنما اختارهم الله ليحفظوا السبت وحده.

Jesus grew up to manhood. It was Sabbath, a day of complete rest: no fire could be lit or extinguished nor could females plait their hair. Moses (pbuh) had commanded that Saturday be dedicated to the worship of Allah. However, the wisdom behind the Sabbath and its spirit had gone, and only the letter remained in the Jews' hearts. Also, they thought that Sabbath was kept in heaven, and that the People of Israel had been chosen by Allah only to observe the Sabbath.

لقد حرّموا مئة شيء في يوم السبت، حتى الدفاع عن النفس أو استدعاء الطبيب لإنقاذ مريض كانت حالته سيئة. وهكذا وُسم نمط حياتهم بهذا النفاق. ومع أنّ الفريسيين كانوا حرّاس الشريعة، فإنهم كانوا مستعدين لبيعها متى ما كانت مصالحهم الشخصية في الميزان، طلباً للمكاسب الذاتية. فمثلاً، كانت هناك قاعدة تحظر السفر لأكثر من ألف ياردة في يوم السبت. فماذا نتوقع من الفريسيين في هذه الحالة؟ لقد نقلوا في اليوم السابق طعامهم وشرابهم من بيوتهم التي تبعد ألفي ياردة، وأقاموا بيتاً مؤقتاً، حتى يتمكنوا من قطع ألف ياردة أخرى في يوم السبت.

They made a hundred things unlawful on Saturday even self-defense or calling a doctor to save a patient who was in bad condition. This is how their life was branded by such hypocrisy. Although the Pharisees were guardians of the law, they were ready to sell it when their interests were involved so as to obtain personal gains. There was, for example, a rule which prohibited a journey of more than one thousand yards on the Sabbath day. What do we expect of the Pharisees in this case? The day before, they transferred their food and drink from their homes two thousand yards away and erected a temporary house so that from tthey could travel a further thousand yards on the Sabbath day.

ذهب عيسى إلى الهيكل. وكان ذلك يوم السبت، ومع ذلك مدّ يده ليقطف ثمرتين لإطعام طفل جائع. وقد اعتُبر هذا انتهاكاً لشريعة السبت. وأشعل ناراً للعجائز ليدفئن أنفسهن من الهواء المتجمد. انتهاك آخر. ثم دخل الهيكل ونظر حوله. كان هناك عشرون ألف كاهن يهودي مسجّلون فيه، يتكسبون رزقهم من الهيكل. وكانت حجرات الهيكل تغصّ بهم.

Jesus was on his way to the temple. Although it was the Sabbath, he reached out his hand to pick two pieces of fruit to feed a hungry child. This was considered to be a violation of the Sabbath law. He made a fire for the old women to keep themselves warm from the freezing air. Another violation. He went to the temple and looked around. There were twenty thousand Jewish priests registered there who earned their living from the temple. The rooms of he temple were full of them.

لاحظ عيسى أن الزوار كانوا أقل عددًا بكثير من الكهنة. ومع ذلك كان الهيكل مليئًا بالخراف والحمام التي كانت تُباع للناس ليقدموها قرابين. وكانت كل خطوة داخل الهيكل تكلّف الزائر مالًا. لم يكونوا يعبدون شيئًا سوى المال. وفي الهيكل، كان الفريسيون والصدوقيون يتصرفون كأنه سوق، وكانت هاتان الفئتان تختلفان دائمًا في كل شيء. تابع عيسى المشهد بعينيه، فرأى أن الفقراء الذين لا يستطيعون دفع ثمن الخروف أو الحمامة كانوا يُدفعون بعيدًا كما تُطرد الذباب من قِبَل الفريسيين والصدوقيين. اندهش عيسى. لماذا كان الكهنة يحرقون كثيرًا من القرابين داخل الهيكل، بينما كان آلاف الفقراء جياعًا خارجه؟

Jesus observed that the visitors were much fewer than the priests. Yet the temple was full of sheep and doves which were sold to the people to be offered as sacrifices. Every step in the temple cost the visitor money. They worshipped nothing but money. In the temple, the Pharisees and Sadducees acted as if it were a market place, and these two groups always disagreed on everything. Jesus followed the scene with his eyes and observed that the poor people who could not afford the price of the sheep or dove were swept away like flies by the Pharisees and Saducees. Jesus was astonished. Why did the priests burn a lot of offerings inside the temple, while thousands of poor people were hungry outside it?

في هذه الليلة المباركة، قُتل النبيّان الكريمان يحيى وزكريا عليهما السلام على يد السلطة الحاكمة. وفي الليلة نفسها نزل الوحي على عيسى عليه السلام، فأمره الله تعالى أن يبدأ دعوته إلى بني إسرائيل. وأُغلق عن عيسى باب الحياة الهانئة، وفُتح له صفحة العبادة والجهاد.

On this blessed night, the two noble prophets John (pbuh) and Zakariyah (pbuh) died, killed by the ruling authority. On the same night, the revelation descended upon Jesus (pbuh). Allah the Exalted commanded him to begin his call to the children of Israel. To Jesus, the life of ease was closed, and the page of worship and struggled was opened.

كَقُوَّةٍ مُعَارِضَةٍ، جَاءَتْ رِسَالَةُ عِيسَىٰ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِتُنْكِرَ مُمَارَسَاتِ الْفَرِّيسِيِّينَ وَتُعَزِّزَ شَرِيعَةَ مُوسَىٰ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَفِي مُوَاجَهَةِ عَصْرٍ مَادِّيٍّ يَقُومُ عَلَى التَّرَفِ وَعِبَادَةِ الذَّهَبِ، دَعَا عِيسَىٰ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ قَوْمَهُ إِلَى حَيَاةٍ أَسْمَىٰ بِالْقَوْلِ وَالْعَمَلِ. وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْحَيَاةُ الْمِثَالِيَّةُ هِيَ السَّبِيلَ الْوَحِيدَ لِلْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الشَّقَاءِ وَالْأَمْرَاضِ الَّتِي عَمَّتْ عَصْرَهُ. وَقَدِ اتَّسَمَتْ دَعْوَةُ عِيسَىٰ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، مُنْذُ بِدَايَتِهَا، بِالِاسْتِقَامَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَالتَّقْوَى. وَكَانَتْ تُخَاطِبُ النَّفْسَ وَالْبَاطِنَ، لَا أَنْ تَكُونَ نِظَامًا مُغْلَقًا مِنَ الْقَوَاعِدِ الَّتِي يَفْرِضُهَا الْمُجْتَمَعُ.

Like an opposing force, the message of Jesus came to denounce the practices of the Pharisees and to reinforce the Law of Moses. In the face of a materialistic age of luxury and worship of gold, Jesus called his people to a nobler life by word and deed. This exemplary life was the only way out of the wretchedness and diseases of his age. Jesus's call, from the beginning, was marked by its complete uprightness and piety. It appealed to the soul, the inner being, and not be a closed system of rules laid down by society.

واصل عيسى دعوة الناس إلى الله سبحانه وتعالى. وكانت دعوته قائمة على مبدأ أنه لا توسّط بين الخالق ومخلوقاته. غير أن عيسى كان في صراع مع التفسير السطحي للتوراة عند اليهود. فقال إنه لم يأتِ لينسخ التوراة، بل ليُتمّها، بالنفاذ إلى روح جوهرها للوصول إلى لبّها.

Jesus continued inviting the people to Almighty Allah. His call was based on the principle that there is no mediation between the Creator and His creatures. However, Jesus was in conflict with the Jews' superficial interpretation of the Torah. He said that he did not come to abrogate the Torah, but to complete it by going to the spirit of its substance to arrive at its essence.

أفهم اليهودَ أنّ الوصايا العشر لها من القيمة ما يفوق ما كانوا يتصورون.

He made the Jews understand that the Ten Commandments have more value than they imagined.

فعلى سبيل المثال، فإن الوصية الخامسة لا تحرّم القتل الجسدي فقط، بل تحرّم كل صور القتل: الجسدي، والنفسي، والروحي. والوصية السادسة لا تحرّم الزنا بمعنى الاتصال الجسدي المحرّم بين الرجل والمرأة فحسب، بل تحرّم كذلك كل صور العلاقات المحرّمة أو الأفعال التي قد تفضي إلى الزنا. فالعين تزني إذا نظرت إلى أي شيء بشهوة.

For instance, the fifth commandment does not only prohibit physical killing, but all forms of killing; physical, psychological, or spiritual. And the sixth commandment does not prohibit adultery only in the sense of unlawful physical contact between a man and a woman, but also prohibits all forms of unlawful relations or acts that might lead to adultery. The eye commits adultery when it looks at anything with passion.

لذلك كان عيسى في مواجهة مع الناس الماديين. فأمرهم أن يكفّوا عن النفاق والرياء والمدح الكاذب. ولم تكن هناك حاجة إلى اكتناز الثروة في هذه الحياة. ولا ينبغي لهم أن ينشغلوا بمتاع هذه الدنيا الزائلة، بل يجب أن ينشغلوا بشؤون الآخرة لأنها باقية أبداً.

Jesus was therefore in confrontation with the materialistic people. He told them to desist from hypocrisy, show and false praise. There was no need to hoard wealth in this life. They should not preoccupy themselves with the goods of this passing world; rather they must preoccupy themselves with the affairs of the coming world because it would be everlasting.

قال عيسى لهم إن الاهتمام بالدنيا خطيئة، لا يليق بالعابدين الأتقياء. أما الكافرون فيهتمون بها لأنهم لا يعرفون طريقًا أفضل. وأما المؤمنون فيعلمون أن رزقهم عند الله، فيتوكلون عليه ويزهدون في هذه الدنيا.

Jesus told them that caring for this world is a sin, not fit for pious worshippers. The disbeliveers care for it because they do not know a better way. As for the believers, they know that their sustenance is with Allah, so they trust in Him and scorn this world.

واصل عيسى دعوة الناس إلى عبادة الرب الواحد الذي لا شريك له، كما دعاهم إلى تطهير القلب والنفس.

Jesus continued to invite people to worship the Only Lord, Who is without partner, just as he invited them to purify the heart and soul.

كان تعليمه يُزعج الكهنة، إذ كانت كل كلمة من عيسى تُشكّل تهديدًا لهم ولمكانتهم، وتكشف سوء أفعالهم.

His teaching annoyed the priests, for every word of Jesus was a threat to them and their position, exposing their misdeeds.

كان الرومان المحتلون في البداية لا ينوون التدخل في هذا النزاع الديني بين اليهود، لأنه شأن داخلي، ورأوا أن هذا الخلاف سيصرف اليهود عن قضية الاحتلال.

The Roman occupiers had, at first, no intention of being involved in this religious discord of the Jews because it was an internal affair, and they saw that this dispute would distract the Jews from the question of the occupation.

لكنّ الكهنة بدأوا يدبّرون المكائد ضد عيسى، أرادوا أن يُحرجوه وأن يُثبتوا أنه جاء ليُبطل شريعة موسى. وتنصّ شريعة موسى على رجم الزانية حتى الموت. فأحضروا له امرأةً يهوديةً زانيةً وسألوا عيسى: "أليس الناموس يوجب رجم الزانية؟" فأجابهم عيسى: "نعم." قالوا: "هذه المرأة زانية." نظر عيسى إلى المرأة ثم إلى الكهنة. وكان يعلم أنهم أشدّ خطيئةً منها. لقد اتفقوا على قتلها وفق شريعة موسى، وأدركوا أنه إن طبّق شريعة موسى فإنه سيُبطل قواعده هو في العفو والرحمة.

However, the priests started to plot against Jesus. They wanted to embarrass him and to prove that he had come to destroy the Mosaic Law. The Mosaic Law provides that an adulteress be stoned to death. They brought him a Jewish adulteress and asked Jesus: "Does not the law stipulate the stoning of the adulteress?" Jesus answered: "Yes." They said: "This woman is an adulteress." Jesus looked at the woman and then at the priests. He knew that they were more sinful than she. They agreed that she should be killed according to Mosaic Law, and they understood that if he was going to apply Mosaic Law, he would be destroying his own rules of forgiveness and mercy.

فهم عیسیٰ علیہ السلام مکرِ القوم، فابتسم وأقرَّ قولهم: «مَن كان منكم بلا خطيئة فليرمِها بحجرٍ». وارتفع صوته في وسط الهيكل، واضعًا حكمًا جديدًا في الزنا، وهو أن يحكم المعصومون من الخطيئة على الخطيئة. ولم يكن هناك أحدٌ مؤهَّل لذلك؛ فلا يملك بشرٌ أن يحكم على الخطيئة، وإنما يحكم عليها الله الرحمن الرحيم وحده.

Jesus understood their plan. He smiled and assented: "Whoever among you is sinless can stone her." His voice rose in the middle of the Temple, making a new law on adultery, for the sinless to judge sin. There was none eligible; no mortal can judge sin, only Allah the Most Merciful.

لَمَّا خَرَجَ عِيسَىٰ مِنَ الهَيْكَلِ تَبِعَتْهُ المَرْأَةُ. أَخْرَجَتْ قَارُورَةَ عِطْرٍ مِنْ ثِيَابِهَا، وَجَثَتْ عِنْدَ قَدَمَيْهِ، وَغَسَلَتْهُمَا بِالعِطْرِ وَالدُّمُوعِ، ثُمَّ مَسَحَتْ قَدَمَيْهِ بِشَعْرِهَا. فَالتَفَتَ عِيسَىٰ إِلَى المَرْأَةِ وَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَقُومَ، قَائِلًا: «يَا رَبُّ، اغْفِرْ لَهَا خَطَايَاهَا». وَقَدْ أَفْهَمَ الكَهَنَةَ أَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ النَّاسَ إِلَى اللهِ الكَرِيمِ لَيْسُوا جَلَّادِينَ، وَأَنَّ دَعْوَتَهُ قَامَتْ عَلَى الرَّحْمَةِ بِالنَّاسِ، وَهِيَ غَايَةُ كُلِّ دَعْوَةٍ إِلَهِيَّةٍ.

واصل عيسى الدعاء إلى الله بالرحمة لقومه، وكان يعلّم قومه أن يرحم بعضهم بعضًا وأن يؤمنوا بالله.

Jesus continued to pray to Allah for mercy on his people and to teach his people to have mercy on one another and to believe in Allah.

واصل عيسى رسالته، مؤيَّدًا بمعجزات إلهية. وقال بعض مفسِّري القرآن إن عيسى أحيا أربعة أشخاص من الموت: صديقٌ له يُدعى العَازَر، وابنُ امرأةٍ عجوز، وابنةٌ وحيدةٌ لامرأة. وكان هؤلاء الثلاثة قد ماتوا في حياته. فلما رأى اليهود ذلك قالوا: "إنما تُحيي مَن مات حديثًا، ولعلهم إنما أُغمي عليهم." فطلبوا منه أن يُحيي سام بن نوح.

Jesus continued his mission, aided by divine miracles. Some Qur'anic commentators said that Jesus brought four people back from the dead: a friend of his named Al-Azam, an old woman's son, and a woman's only daughter. These three had died during his lifetime. When the Jews saw this they said: "You only resurrect those who have died recently; perhaps they only fainted." They asked him to bring back to life Sam the Ibn Noah.

لَمَّا سَأَلَهُمْ أَنْ يُرُوهُ قَبْرَهُ، مَشَى مَعَهُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ. فَدَعَا عِيسَى اللهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُحْيِيَهُ، فَإِذَا سَامُ بْنُ نُوحٍ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ وَشَعْرُهُ أَبْيَضُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى: «كَيْفَ صَارَ شَعْرُكَ أَبْيَضَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي زَمَانِكَ هَرَمٌ؟» فَأَجَابَ: «يَا رُوحَ اللهِ، ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ قَدْ قَامَ، فَمِنْ هَوْلِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ ابْيَضَّ شَعْرِي».

When he asked them to show him his grave, the people accompanied him there. Jesus invoked Allah the Exalted to bring him back to life and behold, Sam the Ibn Noah came out from the grave gray-haired. Jesus asked: "how did you get gray hair, when there was no aging in your time?" He answered: "O Spirit of Allah, I thought that the Day of Resurrection had come; from the fear of that day my hair turned gray."

قال الله تعالى:

Allah the Almighty said:

اذْكُرْ إِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ: ﴿يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ اذْكُرْ نِعْمَتِي عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَتِكَ إِذْ أَيَّدتُّكَ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ تُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فِي الْمَهْدِ وَكَهْلًا وَإِذْ عَلَّمْتُكَ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنجِيلَ وَإِذْ تَخْلُقُ مِنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ بِإِذْنِي فَتَنفُخُ فِيهَا فَتَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِي وَتُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ بِإِذْنِي وَإِذْ تُخْرِجُ الْمَوْتَىٰ بِإِذْنِي وَإِذْ كَفَفْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَنكَ إِذْ جِئْتَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْهُمْ إِنْ هَٰذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ * وَإِذْ أَوْحَيْتُ إِلَى الْحَوَارِيِّينَ أَنْ آمِنُوا بِي وَبِرَسُولِي قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّنَا مُسْلِمُونَ﴾ [المائدة: ١١٠-١١١]

"Remember when Allah will say (on the Day of Resurrection): "O Jesus, son of Mary! Remember My Favor to you and to your mother when I supported you with Ruh-ul-Qudus (Gabriel) so that you spoke to the people in the cradle and in maturity; and when I taught you writing, Al Hikmah (the power of understanding), the Torah and the Gospel; and when you made out of the clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, by My Permission, and you breathed into it, and it became a bird by My Permission, and you healed those born blind, and the lepers by My Permission, and when you brought forth the dead by My Permission; and when I restrained the Children of Israel from you (when they resolved to kill you) since you came unto them with clear proofs, and the disbeliveers among them said: 'This is nothing but evident magic.'" And when I (Allah) put in their hearts of the disciples (of Jesus) to believe in Me and My Messenger, they said: "We believe. And bear witness that we are Muslims." (Ch 5:110-111 Quran)

وأنزل اللهُ تعالى أيضًا

Almighty Allah also revealed:

وَيُعَلِّمُهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ

"And He Allah will teach him (Jesus) the Book and Al Hikmah (the Sunna, the faultless speech of the Prophets, wisdom, etc.), (and) the Torah and the Gospel.

وَيَجْعَلُهُ رَسُولًا إِلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنِّي قَدْ جِئْتُكُم بِآيَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ أَنِّي أَخْلُقُ لَكُم مِّنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ فَأَنفُخُ فِيهِ فَيَكُونُ طَيْرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَأُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ وَأُحْيِي الْمَوْتَىٰ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۖ وَأُنَبِّئُكُم بِمَا تَأْكُلُونَ وَمَا تَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ ۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ۚ وَمُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوْرَاةِ وَلِأُحِلَّ لَكُم بَعْضَ الَّذِي حُرِّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَجِئْتُكُم بِآيَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۖ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ

And will make him (Jesus) a Messenger to the Children of Israel (saying): "I have come to you with a sign from your Lord, that I design for you out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, and breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by Allah's Leave; and I heal him who was born blind, and the leper, and I bring the dead to life by Allah's leave. And I inform you of what you eat, and what you store in your houses. Surely, therein is a sign for you, if you believe. And I have come confirming that which was before me of the Torah, and to make lawful to you part of what was forbidden to you, and I have come to you with proof from your Lord. So fear Allah and obey me.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبُّكُمْ فَاعْبُدُوهُ ۚ هَٰذَا صِرَاطٌ مُّسْتَقِيمٌ. فَلَمَّا أَحَسَّ عِيسَىٰ مِنْهُمُ الْكُفْرَ قَالَ مَنْ أَنصَارِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ نَحْنُ أَنصَارُ اللَّهِ ۖ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَاشْهَدْ بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ. رَبَّنَا آمَنَّا بِمَا أَنزَلْتَ وَاتَّبَعْنَا الرَّسُولَ فَاكْتُبْنَا مَعَ الشَّاهِدِينَ.

Truly! Allah is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him (Alone). This is the Straight Path." Then when Jesus came to know of their disbelief, he said: "Who will be my helpers in Allah's Cause?" The disciples said: "We are the helpers of Allah; we believe in Allah, and bear witness that we are Muslims (we submit to Allah)." Our Lord! We believe in what You have sent down, and we follow the Messenger (Jesus); so write us down among those who bear witness (to the truth, La ilaha ill Allah - none has the right to be worshipped but Allah).

وَمَكَرُوا وَمَكَرَ اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الْمَاكِرِينَ. (آل عمران: ٥٤)

And they (disbeliveers) plotted (to kill Jesus), and Allah planned too. And Allah is the Best of the planners. (Ch 3:48-54 Quran)

واصل عيسى دعوة الناس إلى الله سبحانه وتعالى، ووضع لهم ما يمكن أن يُسمّى "شريعة الروح". وذات مرة، وهو واقف على جبل محاطًا بتلاميذه، رأى أن الذين آمنوا به كانوا من بين الفقراء والبائسين والمستضعفين، وأن عددهم كان قليلًا. وكانت بعض المعجزات التي أجراها عيسى قد طلبها منه تلاميذه، مثل رغبتهم في أن تُنزَل إليهم من السماء "مائدة" مقدسة.

Jesus continued calling people to Almighty Allah and laying down for them what might be called "the law of the Spirit." Once when standing on a mountain surrounded by his disciples, Jesus saw that those who believed in him were from among the poor, the wretched, an the downtrodden, and their number was small. Some of the miracles which Jesus performed had been requested by his disciples, such as their wish for a "holy table" to be sent down from heaven.

قال الله تعالى:

Allah the Exalted said:

وَإِذْ قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ هَلْ يَسْتَطِيعُ رَبُّكَ أَنْ يُنَزِّلَ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ ۖ قَالَ اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ * قَالُوا نُرِيدُ أَن نَّأْكُلَ مِنْهَا وَتَطْمَئِنَّ قُلُوبُنَا وَنَعْلَمَ أَن قَدْ صَدَقْتَنَا وَنَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الشَّاهِدِينَ * قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا أَنزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَائِدَةً مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ

"Remember when the disciples said: "O Jesus, son of Mary! Can your Lord send down to us a table spread (with food) from heaven?" Jesus said: "Fear Allah, if you are indeed believers." They said: "We wish to eat thereof and to be stronger in Faith and to know that you have indeed told us the truth and that we ourselves be its witnesses." Jesus, son of Mary, said: "O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread (with food)

لِيَكُونَ لَنَا عِيدًا لِأَوَّلِنَا وَآخِرِنَا وَآيَةً مِنْكَ ۖ وَارْزُقْنَا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ. قَالَ اللَّهُ: إِنِّي مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ ۖ فَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بَعْدُ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنِّي أُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا لَا أُعَذِّبُهُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَالَمِينَ.

that there may be for us - for the first and the last of us - a festival and a sign from You; and provide us sustenance, for You are the best of sustainers." Allah said: "I am going to send it down unto you, but if any of you after that disbelieves, then I will punish him with a torment such as I have not inflicted on anyone among all the Alamin (mankind and jinn).

وَإِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَٰهَيْنِ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ ۖ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ ۚ إِن كُنتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ ۚ تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ

أصبح يومُ المائدة أحدَ الأيام المقدسة عند حواريي عيسى وأتباعه. ثم نسي الحواريون والأتباع لاحقًا حقيقةَ المعجزات، فعبدوا عيسى إلهًا.

The Day of the Table became one of the holy days for the disciples and followers of Jesus. Later on, the disciples and followers forgot the real essence of the miracles, and so they worshipped Jesus as a god.

قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَىٰ:

Almighty Allah asserted:

وَإِذْ قَالَ اللَّهُ يَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ أَأَنتَ قُلْتَ لِلنَّاسِ اتَّخِذُونِي وَأُمِّيَ إِلَٰهَيْنِ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ سُبْحَانَكَ مَا يَكُونُ لِي أَنْ أَقُولَ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِحَقٍّ، إِن كُنتُ قُلْتُهُ فَقَدْ عَلِمْتَهُ، تَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِي وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِي نَفْسِكَ، إِنَّكَ أَنتَ عَلَّامُ الْغُيُوبِ. مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا أَمَرْتَنِي بِهِ أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ رَبِّي وَرَبَّكُمْ، وَكُنتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا مَّا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ، فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِي كُنتَ أَنتَ الرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَنتَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدٌ. (هذا تحذير عظيم وإنذار للنصارى في العالم كله.) إِن تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ، وَإِن تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ. قَالَ اللَّهُ هَٰذَا يَوْمُ يَنفَعُ الصَّادِقِينَ صِدْقُهُمْ، لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٌ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا، رَّضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ، ذَٰلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ. لِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا فِيهِنَّ، وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ. (المائدة: 116-120)

"And remember when Allah will say (on the Day of Resurrection): "O Jesus, son of Mary! Did you say unto men: 'Worship me and my mother as two gods besides Allah?'" He will say: "Glory be to You! It was not for me to say what I had no right to say. Had I said such a thing, You would surely have known it. You know what is in my inner self though I do not know what is in Yours, truly, You, only You, are the All Knower of all that is hidden and unseen. Never did I say to them aught except what You (Allah) did command me to say: 'Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord', And I was a witness over them while I dwelt amongst them, but when You took me up, You were the Watcher over them, and You are a Witness to all things. (This is a great admonition and warning to the Christians of the whole world). If you punish them, they are Your slaves, and if You forgive them, Verily You, only You are the All Mighty, the All Wise." Allah will say: "This is a Day on which the truthful will profit from their truth: theirs are Gardens under which rivers flow (in Paradise) - they shall abide therein forever. Allah is pleased with them and they with Him. That is the great success (Paradise). To Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and all that is therein, and He is Able to do all things." (Ch 5:116-120 Quran)

ذهب عيسى في رسالته حتى علم الفساد أن عرشه مهدد بالسقوط. فاتهمه قوى الشر بالسحر، وبمخالفة شريعة موسى، وبالتحالف مع الشيطان؛ ولما رأوا الفقراء يتبعونه بدأوا يدبرون المكائد ضده.

Jesus went on his mission until vice knew that its throne was threatening to fall. So the forces of evil accused him of magic, infringement of the Mosaic Law, allegiance with the devil; and when they saw that the poor people followed him, they began to scheme against him.

أخذ السنهدرين، أعلى مجلس قضائي وديني لدى اليهود، يجتمع للتآمر على عيسى. وقد اتخذت الخطة منعطفاً جديداً؛ فلما عجز اليهود عن وقف دعوة عيسى، قرروا قتله. وعقد كبار الكهنة اجتماعات سرية للاتفاق على أفضل السبل للتخلص من عيسى.

The Sanhedrin, the highest judicial and ecclesiastical council of the Jews, began to meet to plot against Jesus. The plan took a new turn. When the Jews failed to stop Jesus' s call, they decided to kill him. The chief priests held secret meetings to agree on the best way of getting rid of Jesus.

بَيْنَمَا كَانُوا فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا الاجْتِمَاعِ، جَاءَهُمْ أَحَدُ الاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ حَوَارِيًّا لِعِيسَى، وَهُوَ يَهُوذَا الإِسْخَرْيُوطِيُّ، فَسَأَلَهُمْ: "مَاذَا تُعْطُونَنِي إِنْ سَلَّمْتُهُ إِلَيْكُمْ؟" فَسَاوَمَهُمْ يَهُوذَا حَتَّى اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطُوهُ ثَلاثِينَ قِطْعَةً مِنَ الفِضَّةِ تُعْرَفُ بِالشَّوَاقِلِ. وَهَكَذَا دُبِّرَتِ المُؤَامَرَةُ لِلْقَبْضِ عَلَى عِيسَى وَقَتْلِهِ.

While they were in such a meeting, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus, Judas Iscariot, went to them and asked: "What will you give me if I deliver him to you?" Judas bargained with them until they agreed to give him thirty pieces of silver known as shekels. The plot was laid for the capture and murder of Jesus.

قيل إن كبير أحبار اليهود مزّق ثوبه في الاجتماع، زاعمًا أن عيسى قد أنكر اليهودية. وكان تمزيق الثياب في ذلك الزمان علامةً على الاستنكار.

It was said that the high priest of the Jews tore his garment at the meeting, claiming that Jesus had denied Judaism. The tearing of clothes at that time was a sign of disgust.

كان الكهنة لا يملكون في ذلك الوقت سلطة إصدار حكم الإعدام، فأقنعوا الحاكم الروماني بأن عيسى يدبّر مؤامرة ضد أمن الإمبراطورية الرومانية، وحثّوه على اتخاذ إجراء فوري ضده. فأمر الحاكم بالقبض على عيسى.

The priests had no authority to pass the death sentence at that time, so they convinced the Roman governor that Jesus was plotting against the security of the Roman Empire and urged him to take immediate action against him. The governor ordered thaJesus be arrested.

بحسب إنجيل متى، أُلقي القبض على عيسى، وأصدر مجلس رؤساء الكهنة حكم الإعدام عليه. ثم بدأوا يسبّونه ويبصقون على وجهه ويركلونه.

According to the Book of Matthew, Jesus was arrested and the council of the high priests passed the death sentence upon him. Then, they began insulting him, spitting on his face and kicking him.

كانت عادة الرومان أن يُجلد المحكوم عليهم قبل تنفيذ الإعدام فيهم. ولذلك أمر بيلاطس، الحاكم الروماني، بجلد عيسى. وينص الشريعة الموسوية على أربعين جلدة، أما الرومان فلم يكن لديهم حدّ، وكانت جلداتهم وحشية. وبعد ذلك سُلّم عيسى إلى الجنود ليُصلب. فنزعوا عنه ثيابه واحتفظوا بها، ووضعوا على رأسه إكليلاً من الشوك للسخرية به. وكان من عادتهم أن يحمل المصلوب صليبه على ظهره لزيادة معاناته.

It was the Roman custom for the condemned to be flogged before they were executed. So Pilate, the Roman governor, ordered that Jesus be flogged. The Mosaic Law stipulates forty lashes, but the Roman had no limit, and they were brutal lashes. After that, Jesus was handed to the soldiers for crucifixion. They took off his clothes, and kept them. They put a crown of thorns on his head to mock him. According to custom he carried his cross on his back to increase his suffering.

صَلْبُ عِیسَی کَمَا وَرَدَ فِی الْكِتَابِ الْمُقَدَّسِ (نُسْخَةُ الْكِتَابِ الْمُقَدَّسِ) أَخِیرًا وَصَلُوا إِلَى مَكَانٍ یُسَمَّى الْجُلْجُلَةَ، وَمَعْنَاهُ مَوْضِعُ الْجَمَاجِمِ، خَارِجَ أَسْوَارِ أُورُشَلِیمَ. وَبَدَلًا مِنْ أَنْ یُعْطُوهُ كَأْسًا مِنَ الْخَمْرِ مَمْزُوجَةً بِالطِّیبِ لِیُخَفِّفَ عَنْهُ أَلَمَ الصَّلِیبِ، أَعْطَى الْجُنُودُ عِیسَى كَأْسًا مِنَ الْخَلِّ مَمْزُوجًا بِالْمَرَارَةِ. ثُمَّ صَلَبُوهُ، وَصَلَبُوا مَعَهُ لِزِیَادَةِ السُّخْرِیَةِ لِصَّیْنِ. هَكَذَا هُوَ مَكْتُوبٌ فِی الْكِتَابِ الْمُقَدَّسِ.

Jesus's Crucifixion - Bible Version Finally, they reached a place called Golgotha, meaning the Place of Skulls, outside the walls of Jerusalem. Instead of giving him a cup of wine diluted with scent to help lessen the pain on the cross, the soldiers gave Jesus a cup of vinegar diluted with gall. Then they crucified him and, as a further mockery, two thieves with him. So it is written in the Bible.

لكن الإيمان الإسلامي جاء بتصورات تختلف تماماً عن تصورات الأناجيل المعتمدة فيما يتعلق بنهاية عيسى وبطبيعته.

But the faith of Islam came with views quite different from that of the extend gospels with regards to both the end of Jesus and his nature.

يُثبت القرآن الكريم أن الله تعالى لم يأذن لبني إسرائيل بقتل عيسى أو صلبه. وما حدث أن الله نجّاه من أعدائه ورفعه إلى السماء. لم يقتلوا عيسى، وإنما قتلوا غيره.

The Glorious Qur'an affirms that Allah the Exalted did not permit the people of Israel to kill Jesus or crucify him. What happened was that Allah saved him from his enemies and raised him to heaven. They never killed Jesus, they killed someone else.

قال الله تعالى:

Allah the Almighty declared:

{وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا * وَقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّا قَتَلْنَا الْمَسِيحَ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ وَمَا صَلَبُوهُ وَلَٰكِن شُبِّهَ لَهُمْ وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ لَفِي شَكٍّ مِّنْهُ مَا لَهُم بِهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ إِلَّا اتِّبَاعَ الظَّنِّ وَمَا قَتَلُوهُ يَقِينًا * بَل رَّفَعَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا} وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ وَقَوْلِهِمْ عَلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ بُهْتَانًا عَظِيمًا ورَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ

" And because of their saying (in boast), "We killed Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah," but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but the resemblance of Jesus was put over another man (and they killed that man) and those who differ therein are full of doubts. They have no certain knowledge, they follow nothing but conjecture. For surely; they killed him not (Jesus, son of Mary): But Allah raised him (Jesus) up (with his body and soul) unto Himself (and he is in the heavens). And Allah is Ever All Powerful, All Wise.

وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ ۚ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا وَإِن مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ ۚ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا [النساء: ١٥٧-١٥٩]

And there is none of the people of the Scripture (Jews & Christians), but must believe in him (Jesus, son of Mary, as only a Messenger of Allah, and a human being0, before his (Jesus or a Jew's or a Christian's ) death (at the time of the appearance of the angel of death). And on the Day of Resurrection, he (Jesus) will be a witness against them. ( Ch 4:157-159 Quran)

وأنزل اللهُ تعالى أيضًا

Almighty Allah also revealed:

تنزّه الله عن اتخاذ الولد — سورة مريم، آية ۹۲–۹۳: لقد أبطل الله تعالى في آيات كثيرة من القرآن الكريم دعاوى اليهود والنصارى.

Allah Disclaims Begetting Anyone - Surah 19, Almighty Allah refuted the claims of the Jews and the Christians in many verses of the Glorious Qur'an.

وَيَقُولُونَ: ﴿اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ وَلَدًا﴾ (كما يقول اليهود: عُزَيْرٌ ابنُ اللهِ، ويقول النصارى: إنّ اللهَ اتّخذ ابنًا (المسيحَ)، ويقول عربُ الجاهلية: إنه اتخذ بناتٍ (الملائكةَ ونحوَهم)). لقد جئتُم شيئًا إدًّا. تكادُ السماواتُ يتفطّرْنَ منه، وتنشقُّ الأرضُ، وتخرُّ الجبالُ هدًّا، أن دَعَوْا للرحمنِ ولدًا.

And they say: "The Most Beneficent (Allah) has begotten a son (or offspring or children) (as the Jews say: Ezra is the son of Allah, and the Christians say that He has begotten a son (Christ), and the pagan Arabs say that he has begotten daughters (angels, etc.))." Indeed you have brought forth (said) a terrible evil thing. Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins, that they ascribe a son (or offspring or children) to the Most Beneficent (Allah).

لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا ۝ إِنْ كُلُّ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ إِلَّا آتِي الرَّحْمَٰنِ عَبْدًا ۝ لَقَدْ أَحْصَاهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدًّا ۝ وَكُلُّهُمْ آتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَرْدًا [سورة مريم: 88-95]

But it is not suitable for (the Majesty of ) the Most Beneficent (Allah) that He should beget a son (or offspring or children). There is non in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Beneficent (Allah) as a slave. Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting. And everyone of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection (without any helper, or protector or defender). (Ch 19:88-95 Quran)

وقال الله تعالى أيضاً:

Allah the Exalted also declared:

وَجَعَلُوا لِلَّهِ شُرَكَاءَ الْجِنَّ وَخَلَقَهُمْ ۖ وَخَرَقُوا لَهُ بَنِينَ وَبَنَاتٍ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ ۝ بَدِيعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ أَنَّىٰ يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ تَكُن لَّهُ صَاحِبَةٌ ۖ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ ۖ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ

"Yet, they join the jinns as partners in worship with Allah, though He has created them (the jinns), and they attribute falsely without knowledge sons and daughters to Him. Be He Glorified! And Exalted above (all) that they attribute to Him. He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How can He have children when He has no wife? He created all things and He is the All-Knower of everything.

وقال الله تعالى أيضًا:

Almighty Allah also declared:

وَقَالَتِ الْيَهُودُ عُزَيْرٌ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، وَقَالَتِ النَّصَارَى الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ.

And the Jews say: Ezra is the son of Allah, and the Christians say: Messiah is the son of Allah.

﷽ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ قَوْلُهُم بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ ۖ يُضَاهِئُونَ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِن قَبْلُ ۚ قَاتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ ۝ اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ ۖ وَمَا أُمِرُوا إِلَّا لِيَعْبُدُوا إِلَٰهًا وَاحِدًا ۖ لَّا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ سُبْحَانَهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ ۝ [سورۃ التوبہ: 30-32]

That is a saying from their mouths. They imitate the saying of the disbeliveers of old. Allah's Curse be on them, how they are deluded away from the truth! They (Jews and Christians) took their rabbis and their monks to be their lords besides Allah, (by obeying them in things which they made lawful or unlawful according to their own desires without being ordered by Allah) and (they also took as their lord) Messiah, son of Mary , while they (Jews and Christians) were commanded (in the Torah and the Gospel) to worship none but One Ilah (God- Allah) La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He). Praise and glory be to Him, (far above is He) from having the partners they associate (with Him). (Ch 9:30-32 Quran)

وأنزل الله تعالى أيضاً

Allah the Almighty also revealed:

قُلِ: ﴿أَلَكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الْأُنثَىٰ﴾؟ ... ﴿فَاسْأَلْهُمْ أَلِرَبِّكَ الْبَنَاتُ وَلَهُمُ الْبَنُونَ﴾ ... ﴿أَمْ خَلَقْنَا الْمَلَائِكَةَ إِنَاثًا وَهُمْ شَاهِدُونَ﴾

"Now ask them (O Muhammad): "Are there (only) daughters for your Lord and sons for them?" Or did We create the angels females while they were witnesses?

إِنَّهُم مِّنْ إِفْكِهِمْ لَيَقُولُونَ وَلَدَ اللَّهُ وَإِنَّهُمْ لَكَاذِبُونَ أَصْطَفَى الْبَنَاتِ عَلَى الْبَنِينَ مَا لَكُمْ كَيْفَ تَحْكُمُونَ أَفَلَا تَذَكَّرُونَ أَمْ لَكُمْ سُلْطَانٌ مُّبِينٌ فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابِكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ وَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَبًا وَلَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الْجِنَّةُ إِنَّهُمْ لَمُحْضَرُونَ

Verily, it is of their falsehood that they (Quraish pagans) say: "Allah has begotten off-spring or children (angels are the daughters of Allah)" And, verily, they are liars! Has He (then) chosen daughters rather than sons? What is the matter with you? How do you decide? Will you not then remember? Or is there for you a plain authority? Then bring your Book if you are truthful! And they have invented a kinship between Him and the jinns, but the jinn know well that they have indeed to appear (before Him) (i.e. they will be brought for accounts).

سبحان الله! (هو منزّه) عمّا يصفونه به! إلّا عباد الله المخلَصين، الذين اصطفاهم (لرحمته، أي المؤمنون الحقّون بالتوحيد الإسلامي، الذين لا ينسبون إلى الله أمورًا باطلة). (سورة الصافات: 149-160)

Glorified be Allah! (He is free) from what they attribute unto Him! Except the slaves of Allah, whom He chooses (for His Mercy i.e. true believers of Islamic Monotheism who do not attribute false things unto Allah). (Ch 37:149-160 Quran)

وَقَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى:

And Almighty Allah declared:

لَقَدْ كَفَرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ. قُلْ: فَمَنْ يَمْلِكُ مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا إِنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُهْلِكَ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا؟ وَلِلَّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا، يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ.

"Surely, in disbelief are they who say that Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary. Say (O Muhammad): "Who then has the least power against Allah, if He were destroy the Messiah, son of Mary, his mother, and all those who are on the earth together?" And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them. He creates what He wills.