13. النبي أيوب (ayoub) - قصص الأنبياء | Quran Course

13. النبي أيوب (ayoub) - قصص الأنبياء | Quran Course

قال الله تعالى مثنياً على عبده أيوب في كتابه العزيز:

Allah the Almighty praised His worshipper Job in His Glorious Quran:

﴿إِنَّا وَجَدْنَاهُ صَابِرًا ۚ نِّعْمَ الْعَبْدُ ۚ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ﴾

"Truly! We found him patient. How excellent a slave! Verily, he was ever oft returning in repentance to Us!" (Ch 38:44)

كان أيوب عليه السلام تائبًا، يذكر الله بالشكر والصبر والثبات، وكان ذلك سبب نجاته وسر ثناء الله عليه.

Job (pbuh) was repentant, remembering Allah with thankfulness, patience, and steadfastness. This was the cause of his rescue and the secret of Allah's praising him.

وكانت مجموعةٌ من الملائكة تتحدّث عن خلائق الله الأخرى من البشر، وكيف أنّ المتواضعين نالوا رضا الله، بينما استوجب المتكبّرون سخطه. فقال أحدُ الملائكة: "إنّ أفضل خلق الله في الأرض اليوم هو أيّوب، رجلٌ كريم الخُلق، يُظهر صبرًا عظيمًا، ويذكر ربّه الكريم دائمًا. وهو قدوةٌ حسنةٌ لعباد الله. وفي المقابل، بارك له ربّه في عمره، ورزقه خدمًا كثيرين، وينال الفقراء والمحتاجون نصيبهم من خيره؛ فهو يُطعم الفقراء ويكسوهم، ويشتري العبيد فيُعتقهم. ويجعل من يتلقّى صدقته يشعر كأنّه هو الذي يُسدي إليه معروفًا، لِما فيه من لطفٍ ورفقٍ."

A group of angels were discussing Allah's other human creatures, how those who were humble earned Allah's pleasure, while those who were arrogant incurred His displeasure. One of the angels remarked: "The best creature on earth today is Job, a man of noble character who displays great patience and always remembers his Generous Lord. He is an excellent model for the worshippers of Allah. In return, his Lord has blessed him with a long life and plenty of servants, as well as the needy and the poor share in his good fortune; he feeds and clothes the poor and buys slaves to set them free. He makes those who receive his charity feel as if they are favoring him so kind and gentle is he."

أبلغ إبليسُ اللهَ شكواه ضد أيوب، فقال إنه وإن كان يسبّح الله باستمرار، فليس ذلك عن إخلاص منه، بل ليرضي الله حتى لا تُنزع منه أمواله. كان كل ذلك تظاهرًا، وكله عن طمع. قال: "إن نزعتَ عنه ماله، تجده لن يذكر اسمك بلسانه بعد ذلك، وتتوقف صلاته." فأخبره اللهُ أن أيوبَ من أخلص عباده المتعبّدين له، فإنه لم يعبده لأجل النعم؛ بل كانت عبادته نابعة من قلبه، ولا علاقة لها بالأمور المادية. ولكن ليُري إبليسَ عمقَ إخلاص أيوب وصبره، أذِنَ اللهُ له أن يفعل بأموال أيوب ما شاء هو وأعوانه.

Iblis complained to Allah about Job. He said that although he was continuously glorifying Allah he was not doing so out of his sincerity but to satisfy Allah so that his wealth should not be taken away. It was all a show, all out of greed. "If You remove his wealth then You will find that his tongue will no longer mention Your name and his praying will stop." Allah told Iblis that Job was one of His most sincere devotees. He did not worship Him because of the favors; his worship stemmed from his heart and had nothing to do with material things. But to prove to Iblis the depth of Job's sincerity and patience, Allah allowed him to do whatever he and his helpers wished with Job's wealth.

فرح إبليس فرحاً شديداً، فجمع أعوانه وشرع في إتلاف إبل أيوب وخدمه ومزارعه حتى لم يبقَ له شيء من ماله. وفركاً يديه سروراً، ظهر إبليس لأيوب في هيئة شيخ حكيم، وقال له: "لقد ضاع كل مالك. يقول بعض الناس إن ذلك بسبب إسرافك في الصدقة، وإنك تضيع وقتك بصلاتك المتواصلة لله. ويقول آخرون إن الله قد أنزل بك هذا لإرضاء أعدائك."

Iblis was very happy. he gathered his helpers and set about destroying Job's cattle, servants and farms until he was left with no possessions. Rubbing his hands in glee, Iblis appeared before Job in the guise of a wise old man and said to him: "All your wealth is lost, some people say that it is because you gave too much charity and that you are wasting your time with your continuous prayers to Allah. Others say that Allah has brought this upon you in order to please your enemies.

"لَوْ كَانَ اللَّهُ قَادِرًا عَلَى دَفْعِ الضَّرَرِ لَحَفِظَ مَالَكَ." وَوَفَاءً لِعَقِيدَتِهِ، أَجَابَ أَيُّوبُ عليه السلام: "مَا أَخَذَهُ اللَّهُ مِنِّي فَهُوَ لَهُ، وَإِنَّمَا كُنْتُ أَمِينًا عَلَيْهِ مُدَّةً يَسِيرَةً. يُعْطِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَيَمْنَعُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ." وَبِهَذِهِ الكَلِمَاتِ سَجَدَ أَيُّوبُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى لِرَبِّهِ.

If Allah had the capacity to prevent harm, then He would have protected your wealth." True to his belief, Job replied: "What Allah has taken away from me belongs to Him. I was only its trustee for awhile. He gives to whom He wills and withholds from whom He wills." With these words, Job again prostrated to his Lord.

لَمَّا رَأَى إِبْلِيسُ ذَلِكَ، شَعَرَ بِالْإِحْبَاطِ، فَعَادَ يُخَاطِبُ اللهَ قَائِلًا: «لَقَدْ سَلَبْتُ أَيُّوبَ جَمِيعَ أَمْوَالِهِ، وَمَعَ ذَلِكَ مَا زَالَ شَاكِرًا لَكَ. وَلَكِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا يُخْفِي خَيْبَةَ أَمَلِهِ، فَهُوَ يُعَلِّقُ أَهَمِّيَّةً كَبِيرَةً عَلَى أَوْلَادِهِ الْكَثِيرِينَ. وَالِامْتِحَانُ الْحَقِيقِيُّ لِلْوَالِدِ يَكُونُ مِنْ خِلَالِ أَوْلَادِهِ.

When Iblis saw this, he felt frustrated, so he again addressed Allah: "I have stripped Job of all his possessions, but he still remains grateful to You. However he is only hiding his disappointment, for he places great store by his many children. The real test of a parent is through his children.

"وسترى كيف سيرفض أيوب." أعطى الله إبليس السلطة، لكنه حذّره من أنها لن تنقص من إيمان أيوب بربه ولا من صبره.

You will see how Job will reject You." Allah granted Iblis authority but warned him that it would not reduce Job' faith in His Lord nor his patience.

ثُمَّ جَمَعَ إِبْلِيسُ أَعْوَانَهُ مِنْ جَدِيدٍ، وَشَرَعَ فِي أَعْمَالِهِ السَّيِّئَةِ. فَزَلْزَلَ عَمُودَ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَسْكُنُهُ أَبْنَاءُ أَيُّوبَ، فَانْهَارَ الْبِنَاءُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَتَلَهُمْ جَمِيعًا. ثُمَّ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَيُّوبَ مُتَنَكِّرًا فِي هَيْئَةِ رَجُلٍ جَاءَ يُوَاسِيهِ. فَقَالَ لِأَيُّوبَ بِنَبْرَةٍ مُوَاسِيَةٍ: «إِنَّ الظُّرُوفَ الَّتِي مَاتَ فِيهَا أَبْنَاؤُكَ كَانَتْ مُحْزِنَةً. وَلَعَلَّ رَبَّكَ لَا يُجَازِيكَ الْجَزَاءَ الْمُنَاسِبَ عَلَى كُلِّ دُعَائِكَ.» وَبَعْدَ أَنْ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، انْتَظَرَ إِبْلِيسُ قَلِقًا، رَاجِيًا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَيُّوبُ قَدْ صَارَ مُسْتَعِدًّا لِلْكُفْرِ بِاللَّهِ.

Iblis again gathered his helpers and set about his evil deeds. He shook the fountain of the house in which Job's children were living and sent the building crashing, killing all of them. Then he went to Job disguised as a man who had come to sympathize with him. In a comforting tone he said to Job: "The circumstances under which your children died were sad. Surely, your Lord is not rewarding you properly for all your prayers." Having said this, Iblis waited anxiously hoping Job was now ready to reject Allah.

ثُمَّ خَيَّبَهُ أَيُّوبُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى بِقَوْلِهِ: «إِنَّ اللهَ يُعْطِي تَارَةً وَيَأْخُذُ تَارَةً، وَيَرْضَى حِينًا وَيَسْخَطُ حِينًا عَلَى أَعْمَالِنَا. فَسَوَاءٌ أَكَانَ الشَّيْءُ نَافِعًا لِي أَمْ ضَارًّا، فَسَأَبْقَى ثَابِتًا عَلَى إِيمَانِي، وَشَاكِرًا لِخَالِقِي». ثُمَّ سَجَدَ أَيُّوبُ لِرَبِّهِ. فَاشْتَدَّ غَيْظُ إِبْلِيسَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ.

But again Job disappointed him by replying: "Allah sometimes gives and sometimes takes. He is sometimes pleased and sometimes displeased with our deeds. Whether a thing is beneficial or harmful to me, I will remain firm in my belief and remain thankful to my Creator." then Job prostrated to his Lord. At this Iblis was extremely vexed.

قال إبليس: "يا رب، ذهب مال أيوب، وماتت أولاده، وهو لا يزال سليمَ الجسد، ومادام يتمتع بالصحة فسيستمر في عبادتك رجاءَ أن يستعيد ماله ويرزق أولادًا آخرين. فامنحني السلطة على جسده لأُضعفه. عندها سيُهمل عبادتك لا محالة، ويصير عاصيًا." أراد الله أن يُعلّم إبليس درسًا، وهو أن أيوب عبدٌ مخلصٌ لربه، فأعطاه طلبه الثالث، لكن بشرط: "لقد جعلتُ لك السلطة على جسده، لا على روحه ولا عقله ولا قلبه، ففي هذه المواضع يسكن علمي ودينيّ." وبهذه السلطة الجديدة، شرع إبليس ينتقم من جسد أيوب، فأصابه بالمرض حتى صار جلدًا على عظم، وعانى ألمًا شديدًا. ومع كل هذا البلاء، ظل أيوب ثابتَ الإيمان، يصبر على الشدائد ولا يشكو.

Iblis called on Allah. "O my Lord, Job's wealth is gone, his children are dead, and he is still healthy in body, and as long as he enjoys good health he will continue to worship You in the hope of regaining his wealth and producing more children. Grant me authority over his body so that I may weaken it. He will surely neglect worshipping You an will thus become disobedient." Allah wanted to teach Iblis a lesson that Jo was a devoted servant of his Lord so He granted Iblis his 3rd request but placed a condition: "I give you authority over his body but not over his soul, intellect or heart, for in these places reside the knowledge of Me and My religion." Armed with this new authority, Iblis began to take revenge on Job's body and filled it with disease until it was reduced to mere skin and bone and he suffered severe pain. But through all the suffering Job remained strong in his faith, patiently bearing all the hardships without complaining.

كان عبدُ اللهِ الصالحُ لم يَيأسْ ولم يلتفتْ إلى غيرِه طلبًا للعون، بل ظلَّ راجيًا رحمةَ اللهِ. حتى الأقارب والأصدقاء المقرَّبون تركوه، ولم يبقَ معه إلا زوجتُه الحنونةُ الرحيمةُ.

Allah's righteous servant did not despair or turn to others for help but remained hopeful of Allah's mercy. Even close relatives and friends deserted him. Only his kind, loving wife stayed with him.

في وقت حاجته، أغدقت عليه لطفها واعتنت به. وبقيت رفيقته الوحيدة ومواسيته الوحيدة طوال سنوات كثيرة من المعاناة.

In his hour of need, she showered her kindness on him and cared for him. She remained his sole companion and comforter through the many years of suffering.

فلما يئس إبليس، استشار أعوانه، فلم يستطيعوا أن يشيروا عليه. فقالوا: "كيف يُعقل أن تفشل حيلتك مع أيوب، وقد نجحت في إغواء آدم أبي البشر حتى أخرجته من الجنة؟" فذهب إبليس إلى امرأة أيوب في هيئة رجل، وسألها: "أين زوجك؟"

Therefore Iblis became desperate. He consulted his helpers, but they could not advise him. They asked : "How is it that your cleverness cannot work against Job, yet you succeeded in misleading Adam the father of man, out of Paradise?" Iblis went to Job's wife in the form of a man. "Where is your husband?" he asked her.

فأشارت إلى جسدٍ شبه ميتٍ متهالكٍ على الفراش، وقالت: «ها هو ذا، معلّقٌ بين الحياة والموت». فذكّرها إبليسُ بالأيام التي كان فيها أيوبُ يتمتع بالصحة والمال والأولاد. فغلبتها فجأةً ذكرى مؤلمةٌ لسنواتٍ من الشدة، فانفجرت بالبكاء، وقالت لأيوب:

She pointed to an almost lifeless form crumbled on the bed and said: "There he is, suspended between life and death." Iblis reminded her of the days, when Job had good health, wealth and children. Suddenly, the painful memory of years of hardship overcame her, and she burst into tears. She said to Job:

"إِلَى مَتَى تَتَحَمَّلُ هَذَا الْعَذَابَ مِنْ رَبِّنَا؟ هَلْ نَبْقَى بِلَا مَالٍ وَلَا أَوْلَادٍ وَلَا أَصْدِقَاءَ إِلَى الْأَبَدِ؟ لِمَاذَا لَا تَدْعُو اللهَ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ عَنْكَ هَذَا الْبَلَاءَ؟" تَنَهَّدَ أَيُّوبُ، ثُمَّ أَجَابَ بِصَوْتٍ خَافِتٍ:

"How long are you going to bear this torture from our Lord? Are we to remain without wealth, children or friends forever? Why don't you call upon Allah to remove this suffering?" Job sighed, and in a soft voice replied :

"أَلَعَلَّ الشَّيْطَانَ وَسْوَسَ لَكِ فَأَوْرَثَكِ الْكَرَاهِيَةَ! فَأَخْبِرِينِي: كَمْ مُدَّةً تَمَتَّعْتُ بِالصِّحَّةِ وَالْغِنَى؟" فَأَجَابَتْ: "ثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً". فَقَالَ أَيُّوبُ: "وَكَمْ مُدَّةً أُعَانِي مِثْلَ هَذَا الْبَلَاءِ؟" قَالَتْ: "سَبْعَ سِنِينَ". فَقَالَ لَهَا أَيُّوبُ: "إِذَنْ أَسْتَحِي أَنْ أَدْعُوَ رَبِّي لِيَكْشِفَ عَنِّي الضُّرَّ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أُعَانِ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ سِنِي الصِّحَّةِ وَالنِّعْمَةِ. يَبْدُو أَنَّ إِيمَانَكِ قَدْ ضَعُفَ، وَأَنَّكِ غَيْرُ رَاضِيَةٍ بِقَضَاءِ اللهِ. وَإِنْ عُدْتُ يَوْمًا إِلَى الصِّحَّةِ، فَأُقْسِمُ لَأُعَاقِبَنَّكِ بِمِئَةِ جَلْدَةٍ! وَمِنَ الْيَوْمِ أُحَرِّمُ عَلَى نَفْسِي أَنْ آكُلَ شَيْئًا أَوْ أَشْرَبَ شَيْئًا مِنْ يَدِكِ. فَدَعِينِي وَشَأْنِي، وَلْيَفْعَلْ رَبِّي بِي مَا يَشَاءُ."

"Iblis must have whispered to you and made you dissatisfied. Tell me how long did I enjoy good health and riches?" She replied: "eighty years." Then Job replied: "How long am I suffering like this?" She said: "seven years." Job then told her: "In that case I am ashamed to call on my Lord to remove the hardship, for I have not suffered longer than the years of good health and plenty. It seems your faith has weakened and you are dissatisfied with the fate of Allah. If I ever regain health, I swear I will punish you with a hundred strokes! From this day onward, I forbid myself to eat or drink anything by your hand. Leave me alone and let my Lord do with me as He pleases."

وهي تبكي بمرارة وقلبها مثقل، لم يكن أمامها خيار سوى أن تتركه وتبحث عن مأوى في مكان آخر. وفي هذه الحال العاجزة، توجّه أيوب إلى الله، لا ليشكو، بل ليطلب رحمته:

Crying bitterly and with a heavy heart, she had no choice but to leave him and seek shelter elsewhere. In this helpless sate, Job turned to Allah, not to complain but to seek His mercy:

{إِنِّي مَسَّنِيَ الضُّرُّ وَأَنتَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ * فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ فَكَشَفْنَا مَا بِهِ مِن ضُرٍّ وَآتَيْنَاهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمِثْلَهُم مَّعَهُمْ رَحْمَةً مِّنْ عِندِنَا وَذِكْرَىٰ لِلْعَابِدِينَ} (الأنبياء: 83-84)

"Verily! distress has seized me and You are the Most Merciful of all those who show mercy." so We answered his call, and we removed the distress that was on him, and We restored his family to him (that he had lost), and the like thereof along with them as a mercy from Ourselves and a Reminder for all who worship Us." (Ch 21:83-84)

وأمر الله العليّ القدير أيضًا

Almighty Allah also instructed:

وَاذْكُرْ عَبْدَنَا أَيُّوبَ إِذْ نَادَىٰ رَبَّهُ أَنِّي مَسَّنِيَ الشَّيْطَانُ بِنُصْبٍ وَعَذَابٍ * ارْكُضْ بِرِجْلِكَ ۖ هَٰذَا مُغْتَسَلٌ بَارِدٌ وَشَرَابٌ * وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمِثْلَهُمْ مَعَهُمْ رَحْمَةً مِنَّا وَذِكْرَىٰ لِأُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ

"Remember Our slave Job, when he invoked His Lord saying: "Verily! Satan has touched me with distress (by losing my health) and torment (by losing my wealth)!" Allah said to him: "Strike the ground with your foot: This is a spring of water to wash in and cool and a refreshing drink." And We gave him back his family, and along with them the like thereof as a Mercy from Us, and a reminder for those who understand." (Ch 38:41-43)

أطاع أیوب، وفي الحال تقريبًا عادت إليه صحته. وفي هذه الأثناء، لم تعد زوجته الوفية تحتمل الفراق عن زوجها، فعادت إليه تسأله العفو، راغبة في خدمته. ولما دخلت بيتها، اندهشت من هذا التحول المفاجئ: لقد عاد أيوب معافى من جديد! فعانقته وحمدت الله على رحمته.

Job obeyed and almost immediately his good health was restored. Meanwhile, his faithful wife could not longer bear to be parted from her husband and returned to him to beg his forgiveness, desiring to serve him. On entering her house, she was amazed at the sudden change: Job was again healthy! She embraced him and thanked Allah for His mercy.

لم يكن أيوب قلقًا، فقد كان قد حلف أن يضربها مائة جلدة إن هو استعاد عافيته، لكنه لم يكن يرغب في إيذائها. وكان يعلم أنه إن لم يوفِ بيمينه، فسيكون آثمًا بنقض العهد مع الله. فلذلك، بحكمته ورحمته، جاء الله لنصرة عبده المؤمن ونصحه قائلًا: "خذ بيدك حزمة من الحشيش الرقيق واضرب بها زوجتك، ولا تنقض يمينك."

Job was not worried, for he had taken an oath to punish her with a hundred strokes if he had regained health but he had no desire to hurt her. He knew if he did not fulfill the oath, he would be guilty of breaking a promise to Allah. Therefore in His wisdom and mercy, Allah came to the assistance of His faithful servant and advised him: "take in your hand a bundle of thin grass and strike therewith your wife, and break not your oath.

إِنَّا وَجَدْنَاهُ صَابِرًا ۚ نِعْمَ الْعَبْدُ ۚ إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ

" Truly! We found him patient. How excellent a slave! Verily, he was ever oft returning in repentance to Us!" (Ch 38:44)