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The Islamic Personality4 min readViewed 3 times

12.7 Categories Of The Khabar Al-ahād


The khabar al-ahad (isolated report) in its three forms: gharib, 'aziz or mashhur, whether marfu', mawqūf or maqtu' is divided by the scholars of hadīth, in terms of its acceptance or rejection, into three categories: Sahih, hasan, da'eef. The following is a clarification of each category:

1. Sahih ; It is the hadīth whose isnād continues through the transmission of a trustworthy ('adl) narrator whose retention is accurate (dabit) from an another upright transmitter who has an accurate retentive ability until the end of the chain and is not shadh (irregular) or mu'allal (defective) i.e, the isnād of the hadīth is linked by the transmission of an upright ('adl) and accurate (dabit) narrator from someone similar to him until it ends with the Messenger of Allah  or ends with a Sahābi or someone else. The statement that the

'The isnād of the hadīth continues through the transmission of a trustworthy ('adl) and accurate (dabit) narrator from someone similar to him'

excludes it from the mursal, munqati' and mu'dal ahadīth, which are not from the category of Sahih. Because the mursal is what the Tabi’een has narrated about the Prophet  without mentioning the Sahābi. The munqati' is when a single narrator is missing in one or more places in the isnād. The mu'dal has two or more narrators missing from one or more places in the isnād. All of them, that is the mursal, munqati' and mu'dal have discontinued isnāds which takes it out of the Sahih category. The statement that;

“the ahadīth should not be shadh (irregular)”

excludes the Sahih hadīth from the shadh report where a trustworthy narrator goes against the transmissions of narrators who are more reliable than him. The statement:

It should not be mu'allal (defective)”

excludes the Sahih ahadīth from the mu'allal report which has a defect. The 'illah (defect) consists of a denigratory thing in the hadīth effecting its rejection, which appears to the rijal critics when collecting and collating the various transmission routes of the hadīth, such as the chain of a narrator being continuous while a group has transmitted as mawqūf i.e attributed it to a Sahabi.

The statement:

“By the transmission of an upright narrator”,

It excludes the report narrated by a transmitter whose apparent and hidden condition is not known, majhul al-'ayn, or the transmitter is known to be weak, such a hadīth is not considered as Sahih.

The statement:

“By the transmission of a narrator who has accurate retentive ability (dabit)” excludes what has been narrated from someone who has memorised a hadīth, aware that his transmission is negligent and full of mistakes; this report is not considered a Sahih hadīth. Rather, all the conditions which have been clarified should be met in the Sahih ahadīth. If any one condition is not met then the hadīth is not Sahih.

2. Hasan: It is a report that is known by the one who reported it and its transmitters became well known and consequently it is the core of most of the hadīth. It is a hadīth most scholars accept and it is used by the fuqaha generally i.e, that in the isnād there are no narrators that have been charged with lying and it is not a shadh (irregular) hadīth. These are two types:

First: a hadīth whose isnād is not free from transmitters who are mastur (of hidden conditioin) and whose capacity is not realised. However they are not negligent and are not prone to make mistakes and nor are they charged with mendacity. The matn of the hadīth may have been narrated by someone at a similar level to him due to which it will not be included as shadh or munkar (rejected). Second: The narrators must be known for their honesty and trustworthiness but they do not attain the level of the transmitters of the Sahih category in retention and exactitude. A narrator who is alone in transmitting a report is not considered as munkar (rejected) and nor is the matn irregular (shadh) or defective (mu'allal). So the hasan ahadīth is the report transmitted by an upright ('adl) narrator who is of lesser retentive capacity, whose isnād is continuous and not irregular (shadh) or defective (mu'allal), the hasan hadīth is used as proof exactly as the Sahih hadīth is used.

3. Da'eef: It is the hadīth which does not have the qualifications of the Sahih or hasan ahadīth. The Da'eef (weak) hadīth is not used as evidence at all. It is a mistake to say that when a da'eef hadīth comes via numerous lines of transmission then it rises to the level of hasan or Sahih. For when the hadīth is weak this means the narrators have actually committed transgressions or have been accused of lying. When the hadīth has come through other lines of transmission which are of this type, then it has increased in its weakness. As for when the meaning contained in the da'eef hadīth is also contained in the Sahih ahadīth, then the Sahih hadīth is cited and the da'eef hadīth is disregarded. Therefore, the da'eef hadīth is not used as proof in any way whatsoever.

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Chapters (185)
  1. 1Transliteration Guide
  2. 21. Personality
  3. 31.1 The Islamic Personality
  4. 41.2 The Formation Of Personality
  5. 51.3 Gaps In Conduct
  6. 62. The Islamic Aqidah
  7. 72.1 The Meaning Of Imān In The Day Of Resurrection
  8. 82.2 The Emergence Of The Mutakallimīn And Their Approach
  9. 92.3 The Error In The Methodology Of The Mutakallimīn
  10. 102.4 How The Issue Of Al-qadaa’ Wa‘l- Qadar Emerged
  11. 112.5 Al-qadr
  12. 122.6 Al-qadā’
  13. 132.7 Al-qadā’ Wa‘l-qadar
  14. 142.8 Guidance And Misguidance
  15. 152.9 The Termination Of The Life-span [ajāl ] Is The Sole Cause Of Death
  16. 162.10 Provision [rizq] Is In The Hands Of Allah Alone
  17. 172.11 The Attributes [sifāt] Of Allah
  18. 182.12 The Muslim Philosophers
  19. 192.13 The Prophets And Messengers
  20. 202.14 The Infallibility Of The Prophets
  21. 212.15 The Revelation
  22. 222.16 It Is Not Allowed On The Part Of The Messenger Pbuh That He Be A Mujtahid
  23. 233. The Noble Qur'ān
  24. 243.1 The Compilation Of The Qur’ān
  25. 253.2 The Qur’ānic Script
  26. 263.3 The Miracle Of The Qur’ān
  27. 274. The Sunnah
  28. 284.1 The Sunnah Is A Sharī’ah Evidence Like The Qur’ān
  29. 294.2 Inferring Evidences From The Sunnah
  30. 304.3 The Solitary Report (khabar Al-ahad) Is Not A Decisive Proof (hujjah) For Beliefs
  31. 314.4 The Difference Between The ‘aqīdah And The Sharī’ah Rule (hukm Shar’i)
  32. 325. Ijtihād And Taqlīd
  33. 335.1 Expert Research (ijtihād)
  34. 345.2 The Conditions Of Ijtihād
  35. 355.2 Taqlīd
  36. 365.3 The Reality Of Taqlīd
  37. 375.4 The States Of Muqallidin And Their Preponderant Qualifications
  38. 385.5 Migrating From One Mujtahid To Another
  39. 396. Learning The Sharī’ah Rule
  40. 407. The Strength Of The Evidence (quwwa Al-dalīl)
  41. 418. Consultation (shūrā) Or The Adoption Of An Opinion In Islam
  42. 429. Science And Culture
  43. 439.1 The Islamic Culture
  44. 449.2 The Method Of Study In Islam
  45. 459.3 Acquisition Of Culture (thaqafa) And Sciences
  46. 469.4 The Cultural Movement
  47. 479.5 The Position Of Muslims With Regards To Non- Muslim Cultures
  48. 4810. The Islamic Disciplines
  49. 4910.1 Tafsīr (qur’ānic Exegesis)
  50. 5010.2 The Exegetical Approaches Of Mufassirun
  51. 5111. Sources Of Tafsīr
  52. 5211.1 The Ummah's Need Today For Mufassirin
  53. 5312. The Science Of Ḥadīth (‘ilm Al-ḥadīth)
  54. 5412.1 The Hadīth
  55. 5512.2 The Transmitters Of Hadīth (ruwat Al Hadith)
  56. 5612.3 The One Whose Narration Is Accepted And The One Whose Narration Is Not Accepted And The Exposition Of (the Science Of) Invalidation And Attestation Of Reliability (al-jarh Wa Ta'dīl)
  57. 5712.4 Narrations Of The Muslim Sects
  58. 5812.5 Arration By Meaning (riwaya Bil Ma’na) And Abridgement Of The Hadīth
  59. 5912.6 Categories Of Hadīth
  60. 6012.7 Categories Of The Khabar Al-ahād
  61. 6112.8 The Accepted Hadīth (maqbul) And The Rejected Hadīth (mardud)
  62. 6212.9 The Mursal Hadīth
  63. 6312.10 The Ḥadīth Qudsi
  64. 6412.11 The Inability To Prove The Authenticity Of A Hadīth From Its Sanad Does Not Indicate That It Is A Weak Hadīth
  65. 6512.12 Consideration Of The Hadīth As An Evidence In The Sharī’ah Rules
  66. 6613. Prophetic Biography (sīrah) And History
  67. 6714. The Principles Of Islamic Jurisprudence (usūl Al-fiqh)
  68. 6814.1 Fiqh (jurisprudence)
  69. 6914.2 The Development Of Fiqh
  70. 7014.3 The Effect Of Disputes And Debates (munazarat) On Islamic Jurisprudence
  71. 7114.4 The Flourishing Of Islamic Jurisprudence
  72. 7214.5 The Decline Of Islamic Jurisprudence
  73. 7314.6 The Myth Of The Influence Of Roman Law On Islamic Jurisprudence
  74. 7415. Studying Fiqh
  75. 7516. Examples (namadhij) Of Fiqh
  76. 7617. The Khilafah
  77. 7717.1 The Time Limit Given For Muslims To Appoint A Khalifah
  78. 7817.2 Contracting (in’iqad) The Khilafah
  79. 7917.3 The Pledge (bay’ah)
  80. 8017.4 The Conditions Of Eligibility For The Khalifah
  81. 8117.5 Seeking The Khilafah Post
  82. 8217.6 The Unity Of The Khilafah
  83. 8317.7 Succession (istikhlaf) Or Reign (‘ahd)
  84. 8417.8 The Method To Appoint The Khalifah
  85. 8517.9 The Shar'a Did Not Designate A Specific Person For The Khilafah
  86. 8617.10 General Responsibilities/duties
  87. 8718 The Islamic State Is A Human State And Not A Theocratic State.
  88. 8818.1 Deposing Or Removal Of The Khalifah
  89. 8919. The Leadership (al-imarah)
  90. 9019.1 Obedience (at-ta’ah)
  91. 9119.2 The Khalifah's Adoption Of Rules And Styles I.e. Adopting Canons
  92. 9220. Jihad
  93. 9320.1 The Khalifah And Jihad
  94. 9420.2 The Meaning Of The Khalifah Supervising The Army's Leadership
  95. 9520.3 The Martyr
  96. 9620.4 Guarding The Frontiers (ar-ribat)
  97. 9720.5 The Islamic Army
  98. 9820.6 Seeking The Assistance Of Disbelievers In Fighting
  99. 9920.7 Preparing The Islamic Army
  100. 10020.8 Flags And Banners
  101. 10120.9 Captives
  102. 10221. The War Policy
  103. 10321.1 Lying In War
  104. 10421.2 Spying
  105. 10521.3 Truce (hudna)
  106. 10621.4 Military Alliances
  107. 10721.5 Permissible Treaties
  108. 10821.6 Emergency Treaties
  109. 10921.7 Annulling Treaties
  110. 11021.8the Belligerent Disbeliever (kafir Harbi)
  111. 11121.9 The Protected Person (al-m'ustamin)
  112. 11221.10 The Rules Of The Dhimmi
  113. 11322. Implementing Islam Is Obligatory Upon The Disbelievers
  114. 11423. The Jizyah
  115. 11524. The Lands Of Ushr, Kharaj And Sulh (truce)
  116. 11625. Dar Al-kufr And Dar Al-islam
  117. 11726. The Believer's Befriending The Disbelievers
  118. 11826.1 The Emigration (hijrah) From Dar Al-kufr To Dar Al-islam
  119. 11927. The Position Of Islam On Slaves And Slavery
  120. 12027.1 Treating Slaves
  121. 12127.2 Treating Slavery
  122. 12228. Relationships Between Individuals
  123. 12329. Trade (bai’)
  124. 12429.1 Everything Forbidden For Man, Trading It Is Also Forbidden
  125. 12529.2 It Is Not Allowed To Sell What You Do Not Have
  126. 12629.3 The Selling Of Advance Credit (as-salam)
  127. 12729.4 Buying Fruits While They Are Still On The Tree
  128. 12829.5 Sale On Credit And Instalments (taqseet)
  129. 12929.6 Brokerage (samsara)
  130. 13030. Hiring
  131. 13130.1 The Employee
  132. 13230.2 The Wage
  133. 13330.3 Estimating The Wage
  134. 13430.4 The Amount Of The Wage
  135. 13530.5 Paying The Wage
  136. 13630.6 Types Of Employees
  137. 13730.7 There Is No Labour Problem In Islam
  138. 13830.7 Hiring Assets
  139. 13930.8 Renting Houses For Residence
  140. 14031. All Bribery Is Forbidden
  141. 14132. Mortgage/ Pledging Security
  142. 14232.1 The Pledgee Benefiting From The Pledge
  143. 14333. The Bankrupt
  144. 14434. Transfer Of A Right (al-hawala)
  145. 14535. Drawing & Painting
  146. 14636. Usul Al-fiqh
  147. 14736.1 Al-hākim
  148. 14836.2 There is no hukm Prior to the coming of the revelation
  149. 14936.3 The legally responsible with respect to the shari’ah rulings
  150. 15037. The conditions of legal responsibility [shurūt al-taklīf]
  151. 15137.1 The legal ruling [al-hukm al-shar’i]
  152. 15237.2 The address of legal responsibility [khitab al-taklīf]
  153. 15337.3 The obligatory [al-wajib]
  154. 15437.4 That which is required to fulfill a wājib is itself wājib
  155. 15537.5 The prohibition [al-harām]
  156. 15637.6 The permissible [al-mubāh]
  157. 15737.7 The declaratory address [khitāb al-wad’]
  158. 15938. The Cause ( Al Sabab)
  159. 16039. The Condition ( Al Shart)
  160. 16140. The Prohibitive ( Al Manay)
  161. 16241. The Validity, The Invalidity, And The Corruption ( Al Sihhah, Wal Butlan, Wal Fasaad)
  162. 16342. The Determination And The Consession ( Al Azeema War Rukhsah)
  163. 16443. The Shari'ah Evidences ( Al Adilla-tul- Shariyah )
  164. 16544. The Shariah Evidences Must Be Decisives ( Al Adillah- Tu-shariah Yajebo An Takoona Qateyyah)
  165. 166What Is Considered As A Proof (hujjah) Of The Qur’aan
  166. 167Al-muhkam Wa Al-mutashabih The Precise And The Imprecise
  167. 168The Second Daleel Al–sunnah
  168. 16948. The Status Of The Sunnah In Relation To The Qur'aan
  169. 17049. Divisions Of The Sunnah (aqsaam Al Sunnah)
  170. 17150. The Mutawaatir
  171. 17251. The Number By Which The Certainty Occurs
  172. 17352. The Famous Hadeeth (al Mashhour)
  173. 17453. The Individuals Report (khabar Al Aahaad)
  174. 17554. The Narrators Of The Hadeeth (ruwaat Al Hadeeth)
  175. 17655. Types Of The Individuals Report
  176. 17756. Conditions For Accepting The Individuals Report
  177. 17857. The Actions Of The Messenger
  178. 17958. The Ways By Which The Direction (quality) Of The Action Of The Messenger Can Be Known
  179. 18059. The Silence Of The Prophet (saw)
  180. 18160. The Conflict Between The Actions Of The Messenger (saw)
  181. 18261. The Conflict Between The Action Of The Messenger (saw) And His Saying
  182. 18362. The Conflict Between The Sayings Of The Messenger (saw)
  183. 18463. The Inference (al Istidlaal) From The Kitaab And The Sunnah
  184. 18564. The Language Discussions
  185. 18665. The Way To Know The Arabic Language