Qur’on mazmunining huquqiy jihati
Legal Content Of The Qur’aan
Qur’on’dagi islomiy qonunchilik, insonlarga ilohiy farmon bilan buyurilgan turli amallardan iborat. Bu amallarni ularda ishtirok etuvchi tomonlarga nisbatan ikki asosiy toifaga ajratish mumkin:
Islamic Legislation In The Qur’aan Is Comprised Of A Variety Of Acts Which Have Been Enjoined By Divine Decree On Mankind. These Acts May Be Grouped In Two Basic Categories With Regard To The Parties Involved In The Acts:
A. Alloh va insonlar o'rtasidagi munosabatlar. Bular niyatsiz to'g'ri bo'lmaydigan diniy ibodatlardir. Ulardan ba'zilari, masalan, namoz va ro'za, sof diniy ibodat shakllaridir; boshqalari, masalan, zakot (majburiy sadaqa), ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ibodat shakllaridir; yana boshqalari, masalan, Makkaga ziyorat (haj), ijtimoiy-jismoniy ibodat shakllaridir. Bu to'rt ibodat iymondan keyin Islomning asosi hisoblanadi.
A. Dealings between Allaah and men. These are the religious rites which are not valid without correct intentions. Some of them are purely religious forms of worship, like prayer and fasting; while others are socio-economic forms of worship, like Zakaah (compulsory charity); and yet others are sociophysical forms of worship, like Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah). These four acts of worship are considered the foundation of Islaam after faith (Eemaan).
B. Insonlar o‘rtasidagi munosabatlar. Bu munosabatlarni boshqaruvchi qonunlar esa munosabatlar predmetiga ko‘ra to‘rt kichik bo‘limga bo‘linishi mumkin: a) Islomning tarqalishini ta’minlovchi va himoya qiluvchi qonunlar.
B. Dealings among men. The laws governing these dealings may themselves be divided into four sub-sections relative to the subject matter of the dealings: a) Laws ensuring and defending the propagation of Islaam.
Bular qurolli yoki qurolsiz kurash (Jihod) qoidalarida mujassamlashgan.
These, are embodied in the codes of armed or unarmed struggle (Jihaad).
b) Oilaning tuzilmasini rivojlantirish va himoya qilishga qaratilgan oila qonunlari. Bularga nikoh, taloq va meros haqidagi qonunlar kiradi.
b) Family laws for the development and protection of the family structure. These include laws concerning marriage, divorce and inheritance.
c) Savdo-sotiq bitimlari, ijara shartnomalari va boshqalarni tartibga soluvchi muomala qonunlari
c) Trade laws governing business transactions, rental contracts etc.
d) Jinoyat qonunlari — turli jinoyatlar uchun jazolar va/yoki tovonlarni belgilovchi qonunlar.24
d) Criminal laws specifying punishments and or compensations for various crimes.24