Fiqh to'plami
Compilation Of Fiqh
Ushbu Abbosiylar davrining bu bosqichida fiqh kitoblarini yozish usuli shakllandi. Bu usul standartga aylandi va bugungi kungacha amalda qolib kelmoqda. Turli masalalar asosiy sarlavhalar ostida, asosiy sarlavhalar esa bob ostida guruhlandi; har bir bob Shariatning muhim mavzularidan birini ifodalardi. Hatto boblarning tartibi ham standartlashdi. Mualliflar iymondan keyin to'rt rukndan boshlardilar, chunki iymon haqida aqidaga oid kitoblarda gap yuritilardi. Tahorat va salot, so'ngra ro'za, zakot va hajga oid qonun-qoidalar va masalalarni bayon qilgach, nikoh va taloqqa, keyin savdo-sotiq (bay') masalalariga, so'ngra odob-axloq (adab) masalalariga o'tardilar. Bu masalalarning har birini bayon qilishda, qaysi mazhabdan bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, har bir muallif mazhablarning barcha pozitsiyalari uchun ishlatilgan turli dalillarni zikr qilar, boshqa mazhablarning dalillarini esa rad etardi.
During this segment of the ‘Abbaasid rule, a format for writing Fiqh books evolved. This format became a standard, which has remained in practice until today. The various issues were grouped under main headings and the main headings under chapters, each of which represented a major topic from Sharee’ah. Even thr door of the chapters became standardised. The authors would begin with the four pillars after Eemaan (faith), since Eemaan was dealt with in books of Islamic theology. After treating the laws and issues concerning Tahaarah (hygiene) and Salaah (prayer), Sawm (fasting), Zakaah (poor tax) and Hajj (pilgrimage), they would proceed on to Nikaah (marriage) and Talaaq (divorce), then Bay’ (business transactions) and then Aadaab (etiquette). In dealing with any of these issues, and author from any one Madh-hab would mention the different proofs used by all of the Madh-hab’s position, while refuting the arguments of the other Madh-habs.
Bo'lim xulosasi
Section Summary
Dastlabki davrlarda gullab-yashnagan mazhablarning aksariyati yo‘qolib ketdi va faqat to‘rttasi qoldi.
1. The majority of the Madh-habs, which flourished during the earlier periods, disappeared and only four remained.
2. Mazhablar o‘zining yakuniy tizimlashuvi va tartibga solinishi shakliga yetdi.
2. The Madh-habs reached their final form of systemization and organization.
3. Ijtihad madhhab doirasidan tashqarida to‘xtatildi va uning o‘rniga ijtihodi madhhabiy egalladi.
3. Ijtihaad beyond the structure of the Madh-hab was dropped and Ijtihaad Madh-habee took its place.
4. Qiyosiy fiqh paydo bo‘ldi, ammo asosan mazhabiy g‘oyalarni ilgari surish uchun ishlatildi.
4. Comparative Fiqh arose, but was used essentially to advance sectarian ideas.