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7.3 Higher education institutions
国家将设立下列机构，以实现其高等教育目标：
The State will establish the following institutions to achieve its higher education goals:
i) 技术学院,
i) Technical Insitutes,
ii) 公务员（就业）学院，
ii) Civil Service (Employment) Institutes,
iii) 大学,
iii) Universities,
iv) 研究与发展中心,
iv) Research and Development Centres,
v) 军事学院
v) Military Institutes/Academies,
7.3.1 Technical Institutes
这些学院的职能是培养掌握现代技术的技术工人，例如维修电子设备（如电信设备和计算机），以及其他需要比简单职业更深入的知识和科学的职业。有意进入这些学院的学生应完成第三学段（即36个学期），无论其是否通过学段综合考试。专家负责确定这些学院中各项职业的学习学期和所需时长，同样也确定学生若在第三学段选修了工业方向则可免修的科目。学习期满后，学生可在所学方向上获得“一级学位”证书。
These institutes’ function is to prepare a technical workforce specialised in modern techniques such as repairing electronic devices e.g. telecommunication devices and computers, as well as other vocations that require more in-depth knowledge and science than offered by simple vocations. The student who wishes to join these institutes should complete the third school stage (i.e. 36 school terms) whether or not he passed the general exam for the school stages. Experts determine the schooling terms and the necessary period for each vocation in these institutes, just as they determine the subjects for which the student gains exemption if he completed the industrial option in the third school stage. At the end of the study period, the student attains the “First Degree” certificate in the option he studied.
在这些机构中，有农业学院，它们隶属于州农业部，并与州教育部协作。这些学院专门开设无需大学学习的农业科目。它们的作用是培养具备实际操作能力的合格劳动力，使其能够从事农业工作，例如灌溉技术、果树和作物种植的组织安排，随后的施肥、修剪、嫁接（tat'eem）等田间管理，以及牲畜和家禽饲养、农产品加工和肉类加工等。专家会确定学生在完成第三学段农业选修课程后，可以免修的科目。
Among these institutes are agricultural institutes subordinate to the State’s Department of Agriculture in coordination with the Education Department of the state. They specialise in agricultural subjects that do not need university study. These insititutes serve to prepare a qualified workforce to practically undertake agriculture e.g. techniques of irrigation and organising tree and crop agriculture, followed by tending via fertilisers, pruning, vaccination (tat’eem) etc. Also animal rearing such as livestock and birds, agro-processing and meat-processing etc. Experts determine the subjects for which the student gains exemption if he completed the agricultural option in the third school stage.
7.3.2 Employment Institutes
这些学院的职能是培养一支劳动力队伍，使其能够胜任某些无需学生进入大学即可从事的工作。要入读此类学院，申请人至少须已通过学校阶段的普通考试。专家决定进入每一类学院的先决条件，也决定各专业的科目以及在每所学院培养学生所需的规定学习期限。学生完成学业后，将获得其所学专业的“第一学位”证书。
These institutes’ function to prepare a workforce able to undertake some jobs that do not require the student to join university. To enrol into such institutes the applicant must have at least passed the general exam for the school stages. Experts determine the prerequisites for the student to join each type of these institutes, just as they determine the subjects for each option and the mandatory time period required to prepare the student in each institute. The student attains, upon completing his study, a “First Degree” certificate in the option he studied.
这些学院培养护士和医疗辅助人员，例如X光技师、化验技师和牙科技师。也有一些学院设有简单的财务和行政类职业课程，以及经营小型公司所需的相关账目知识，无需进入大学就读，例如簿记、现金账和天课账目。
Some of these institutes produce nurses and medical assistant personnel like X-ray technicians, laboratory technicians and dental technicians. There are also institutes for simple financial and administrative vocations, and whatever is required to run small companiies and their related accounts without the need to join the university e.g. bookkeeping, cashbooks and Zakat accounts.
其中一些学院培养的教师能够胜任各个学段的教学工作，同时还为希望从事教育领域工作的大学毕业生开设专门课程。
Some of these institutes produce teachers able to work in the various school stages as well as preparing special courses for university graduates wishing to work in the education fields.
各州的学院根据各wilayah（省/地区）的需要分布于各地、类型多样。例如，沿海wilayah设有海洋类职业学院，涉及捕鱼、船舶维修和港口运营等专业；而以农业闻名的wilayah则设有农业学院，依此类推。
Institutes are spread and diversified throughout the State’s wilayahs according to the wilayahs needs. Coastal wilayahs, for instance, have institutes for marine vocations such as fishing, ship repair and running ports; whereas wilayahs known for agriculture have agricultural institutes, and so on.
7.3.3 Universities
通过“学校阶段综合考试”的学生有资格申请进入国立大学。大学每年分两次录取成绩合格的学生。具体专业的录取取决于以下几个方面:
The student who passes the “General Examination for the School Stages” is entitled to apply to enter the State’s universities. Universities accept successful students twice in a year. Acceptance into specific specialisations depend upon the following:
学生在“学校各阶段综合考试”中的平均成绩。学生在第三学段的专业选择，即文科、理科或商科。
The student’s average marks in the “General Examination for the School Stages.” The student’s specialisation option in the third school stage, whether culture, science or commerce.
学生在高中第三阶段综合考试中的各科成绩，应与其拟选择的专业方向相关。例如，伊斯兰教法与伊斯兰学科学院的学生，必须在伊斯兰文化和阿拉伯语科目上取得优异成绩；选择工程专业的学生，必须在数学和物理方面表现出色；选择医学专业的学生，则必须在生命科学（生物）和化学方面表现出色，其他专业以此类推。专家会为每个大学专业确定相关科目，以及各专业所需的平均成绩。
The student’s marks in the subjects in the general exam for the third school stage related to the option he intends to specialise in. The student of the Faculty of Fiqh and Shari’ah Sciences, for instance, must have attained high marks in the subjects of Islamic culture and Arabic language. The student opting for engineering must excel in maths and physics topics, whereas the medical sciences student must excel in life sciences (Biology) and chemistry, and so on. Experts determine the relevant subjects for each university specialisation and the average marks required for each one.
大学设有多个学院，例如：
The university includes various faculties such as:
伊斯兰文化学院及其学科：经注学（Tafseer）、教法学（Fiqh）、独立判断（Ijtihad）、司法、伊斯兰法学。
- Faculty of Islamic Culture and its sciences: Tafseer, Fiqh, Ijtihad, judiciary, Shariah sciences.
阿拉伯语言及其学科学院
- Faculty of Arabic Language and its sciences.
工程科学学院：土木工程、机械工程、电气工程、电子工程、电信工程、航空工程、计算机工程等。
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences: Civil, mechanical, electrical, electronic, telecommunication, aeronautical, computer engineering, etc.
计算机科学学院：编程、信息系统、程序工程等。
- Faculty of Computer Science: Programming, information systems, program engineering, etc.
- 科学学院：数学、化学、物理学、计算机科学、天文学、地理学、地质学等。
- Faculty of Sciences: Mathematics, chemistry, physics, computing, astronomy, geography, geology, etc.
医学科学学院：医学、护理、医学检验、牙科、药学。
- Faculty of Medical Sciences: Medicine, nursing, medical analysis, dentistry, pharmacy.
农业科学学院：作物农业、畜牧业、牛和家禽养殖、食品保存、作物与牲畜疾病科学。
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences: Crop agriculture, livestock, cattle and poultry rearing, food preservation, crop and livestock disease sciences.
- 财务与行政科学学院：会计学、经济学、商学。
- Faculty of Financial and Adminstrative Sciences: Accounting, economic science, commerce.
学科可以根据需要进行创新或合并。
Faculties can be innovated or merged according to need.
7.3.4 Research and Development Centres
这些中心的职能是在各个文化和科学领域开展精确而专业的研究工作。在文化领域,它们致力于深入思考,参与制定长期(战略)规划、通过使团和谈判开展宣教(da'wah)的方式方法,以及在伊斯兰教法学(Fiqh)、独立判断(Ijtihad)、语言学等领域进行研究。在科学领域,它们致力于在工业、核科学、空间科学等需要深度和研究专长的应用领域中,创新新的手段和方式。
These centres’ function is to produce precise and specialised research work in various cultural and scientific fields. In cultural fields, they participate in attaining deep thoughts whether in drawing long-term (strategic) plans, styles for carrying the da’wah via embassies and negotiations, or in Fiqh, Ijtihad, Language Sciences etc. In scientific fields, they work to innovate new means and styles in fields of implementation e.g. Industry, Nuclear Science, Space Science, etc that require depth and expertise in research.
这些中心中，有些隶属于大学，另一些则独立于大学，但隶属于教育部。学者、大学讲师以及一些杰出学生在这些中心工作，他们的学术研究展现了研究、创新和发展的能力。
Some of these centres are subordinate to universities, while others are independent of universities while subordinate to the Education Department. Scholars, university lecturers and some distinguished students—whose academic study displayed research, innovation, and development ability—work in these centres.
7.3.5 Military Research Centres and Academies
它们的职能是培养军事领导人，发展各种军事手段和战术方式，以实现震慑真主的敌人和穆斯林的敌人的目标。这些中心和学院隶属于圣战长官。
They function to produce military leaders, and to develop military means and styles that realise (the objective of) terrorising the enemies of Allah and the Muslims. These centres and academies are subordinate to the Amir of Jihad.