24. 先知但以理
24. Prophet Daniel
安拉拯救但以理脱离狮子
Allah Saves Daniel from the Lions
据伊本·阿比·al-杜尼亚(Ibn Abi Al-Dunya)以一串传述系统所载,尼布甲尼撒捉住两头狮子,将它们投入一个坑中。随后他又带来但以理,把他扔向狮子;然而狮子并没有扑向他,他仍然安然无恙,一如安拉所愿。之后,他想要食物和饮水,安拉便启示给身在沙姆(巴勒斯坦/叙利亚)的耶利米说:"为但以理准备食物和饮水。"他说:"我的主啊,我在耶路撒冷,而但以理在巴比伦(伊拉克)。"安拉启示他:"去做我命令你做的事,我将派一个能够把你和你所准备的东西带过去的人。"耶利米便照做了,安拉派来一样东西将他载起,直到把他送到了坑沿。
Ibn Abi Al-Dunya narrated the following, based on a chain of citations. Nabuchadnezzar captured the two lions and threw them into a pit. He then brought Daniel and threw him at them; yet they did not pounce at him; rather, he remained as Allah wished. When then he desired food and drink, Allah revealed to Jeremiah, who was in Sham (Palestine/Syria): "Prepare food and drink for Daniel." He said: "O Lord I am in Jerusalem while Daniel is in Babylon (Iraq)." Allah revealed to him: "Do what I have commanded you to do, and I shall send you one who will carry you and what you have prepared." Jeremiah did so and Allah sent him something that would carry him until he arrived at the brink of the pit.
然后但以理问道:"这是谁?"他回答说:"我是耶利米。"他问:"是什么带你来的?"他回答说:"你的主派我到你这里来。"他说:"我的主真的想起了我吗?"他说:"是的。"但以理说:"赞美真主!祂从不忘记那些向祂祈求的人!赞美祂!祂以善报善,以安宁回报忍耐,在苦难之后驱散伤害,在我们不知所措时给予我们安慰,在我们的能力耗尽时成为我们的希望。"
Then Daniel asked: "Who is this?" He answered: "I am Jeremiah." He asked: "What brought you?" He answered: "Your Lord sent me to you." He said: "And so my Lord has remembered me?" He said: "Yes." Daniel said: "Praise be to Allah Who never forgets those who appeal to Him! And Praise be to Him Who compensates good with good, rewards patience with safety, dispels harm after distress, assures us when we are overwhelmed, and is our hope when skill fails us."
但以理之死
Daniel After Death
尤努斯·伊本·巴基尔传述:穆罕默德·伊本·伊斯哈格传述:阿布·哈立德·伊本·迪纳尔传述:阿布·阿拉利亚说:"攻占塔斯塔尔时,我们在哈尔马赞的宝库中发现一张床,床上躺着一具尸体,床边放着一部经典。我们把那部经典带给了欧麦尔·伊本·哈塔卜。他召来凯布,凯布将其译成阿拉伯文,而我是第一个阿拉伯人读到它。我读它就像读古兰经一样。"此处,我(哈立德·伊本·迪纳尔)对阿布·阿拉利亚说:
Yunus Ibn Bakeer reported that Muhammad Ibn Ishaaq reported that Abu Khalid Ibn Dinar reported that Abul Aa'lia said: "When Tastar was invaded, we found, in the treasure house of Al-Harmazan, a bed on which lay a dead man, with a holy script at his bedside. We took the scripture to Umar Ibn Al Khattab. He called Ka-b and he translated it into Arabic, and I was the first Arab to read it. I read it as I read the Qur'an." Here, I (Khalid Ibn Dinar) said to Abul Aa'lia:
"其中有什么?"他说:"生平事迹、编年史、诗歌、言辞,以及将要发生的事。"我问道:
"What was in it?" He said: "Life history, annals, songs, speech, and what is to come." I asked:
"那么你们对那人做了什么呢?"他说:"我们在河岸上挖了十三个独立的坟墓。
"And what did you do with the man?" He said: "We dug in the river bank thirteen separate graves.
“至夜幕降临时,我们埋葬了他,并把所有坟墓都铲平,以迷惑世人,因为他们会去亵渎他。”我问:“他们想要从他身上得到什么?”他说:“当天空对他们晴朗无云时,他们会带着他的床出去,然后就下雨了。”我问:“你认为那个人是谁?”他说:“一个名叫但以理的人。”我问:“你们发现他时,他已经死了多久?”他说:“三百年。”我问:“他身上没有任何变化吗?”他说:“没有,只是脸上的毛发(胡须和髭须)有所变化;先知的肌肤不会被泥土所损坏,也不会被鬣狗吞食。”阿布·阿尔-阿利亚的传述链是可靠的,但如果那个死者的死亡时间真的是三百年前,那么他就不是先知,而是一位圣洁的人,因为根据《布哈里圣训集》中的圣训,在尔撒(耶稣)(愿主赐他平安)和先知穆罕默德ﷺ之间并没有先知。据报道,他们二人(即那位死者与穆罕默德ﷺ)之间的时间跨度各不相同,分别为四百年、六百年和六百二十年。也可能他死于八百年前,如果他是但以理的话,那就与但以理所处的时代相近了。
At nightfall we buried him and leveled all the graves in order to mislead people for they would tamper with him." I asked: "And what did they want from him?" He said: "When the sky was cloudless for them, they went out with his bed, and it rained." I asked: "Who did you think the man was?" He said; "A man called Daniel." I asked: "And for how long had he been dead when you found him?" He said: "Three hundred years." I asked: "Did not anything change on him?" He said: "No, except for the hairs of his face (beard, and mustache); the skin of the prophets is not harmed by the earth, nor devoured by hyenas." The chain of citation from Abul Aa'lia is good, but if the date of the dead man's death was really three hundred years, then he was not a prophet but a saintly an, because there was no prophet between Isa (Jesus)(pbuh), and the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), according to the hadith in Bukhari. The span between them (the dead man and Muhammad (pbuh)) was variously reported as four hundred, six hundred, and six hundred twenty years. It could be that he had died eight hundred years earlier, which would be near to Daniel's time, if his being Daniel is correct.
然而,他仍有可能是其他人,无论是一位先知还是一位圣徒。但事实更可能是他就是但以理,因为正如前面已经提到的,他曾被波斯国王掳走,并一直被囚禁。
However, he could still have been somebody else, either a prophet or a saint. Yet the truth is more likely he was Daniel, because he had been taken by the King of Persia and remained imprisoned as already mentioned.
但以理之死——圣训
Daniel's Death - Hadith
Ibn Abu Dunya 从 Abu Bilal 处转述:Abu Musa 在 Daniel 那里发现了一本经典和一个容器,里面装着迪尔汗、他的戒指和香膏。他写信给 Umar,Umar 回复说:"把经典寄给我们,寄一些香膏来,告诉与你在一起的穆斯林们使用它,把迪尔汗分给他们,戒指留给你自己。
Ibn Abu Dunya reported from Abu Bilal that Abu Musa found with Daniel a holy script and a container in which were dirhams, his ring and ointment. He wrote to Umar, who replied: "Send the scripture to us, send some of the ointment, tell the Muslims who are with you to use it, share the dirhams among them, and leave the ring for you.
Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Dunya 未注明出处地转述道:当有人告诉阿布·穆萨(Abu Musa)说他是但以理(Daniel)时,他留在了他身边,拥抱了他,并亲吻了他。随后他写信给欧麦尔(Umar),说他在他身边发现了近一万枚迪尔汗(Dhirhams)。过去人们会来向他借钱,如果不归还,他们就会生病。欧麦尔下令将其安葬在一座秘密保存的坟墓中,将钱款送入国库,而箱子和戒指则作为赠予送给他(阿布·穆萨)。
Abu Bakr Ibn Abu Dunya related without citation that when Abu Musa was told that he was Daniel, he stayed with him, embraced him, and kissed him. Then he wrote to Umar that he found with him nearly ten thousand Dhirhams. It used to be that people came to borrow from it, and if they did not return it, they became sick. Umar ordered his burial in a grave to be kept secret and the money to be sent to the treasury, with the box and the ring a gift to him (Abu Musa).
据传阿布·穆萨曾吩咐四名俘虏拦截河流、在河中央挖一个坟墓,并将其埋葬于此。随后,他将这四名俘虏斩首,以使此事的秘密除他本人外无人知晓。
It is related of Abu Musa that he told four of the captives to dam the river and dig a grave in the middle, where he buried him. Then he beheaded the four captives in order for the secret to be kept from all except himself.
但以理之戒
Daniel's Ring
伊本·阿布·丹亚也以一条传述链记载,有人看见伊本·阿布·巴尔达·伊本·阿布·穆萨手上戴着一枚戒指。宝石上刻着两只狮子,中间有一个人,它们正在舔舐他。阿布·巴尔达说:"这是那位被这座城镇的人说是但以理的人的戒指。阿布·穆萨在他下葬那天拿走了它。这座城镇的学者告诉阿布·穆萨,在但以理的时代,占卜者和星象家告诉国王,将有一个男孩出生,他将摧毁国王和他的王国。于是国王发誓要杀掉所有男婴,结果人们把但以理扔进了狮子的洞穴,狮子和母狮开始舔他,没有伤害他。他的母亲来了,把他带走了。阿布·穆萨说:'因此,但以理把自己的image和两只狮子的image刻在了戒指的宝石上,以免忘记安拉在此事上赐予他的恩典。'"此段传述的系统良好。
Ibn Abu Dunya also reported, by a chain of citations, that a ring was seen on the hand of Ibn Abu Barda Ibn Abu Musa. The gem was carved with two lions with a man between them, whom they were licking. Abu Barda said: "This is the ring of that man whom the people of this town say is Daniel. Abu Musa took it the day he was buried. The learned people of the town told Abu Musa that soothsayers and astrologers told the king in Daniel's time that a boy would be born who would destroy him and his kingdom. So the king swore to kill all the baby boys, except that they threw Daniel in the lions' den, and the lion and lioness began to lick him and did not harm him. His mother came and took him. Abu Musa said: "And so Daniel carved his image and the image of the two lions into the gem of his ring, for him not to forget Allah's blessing upon him in this.'" This has a good citation.