27. 先知叶哈雅(约翰)
27. Prophet Yahya (john)
约翰的童年
John's Childhood
约翰(愿主福安之)出生时,在孩童的世界里显得格格不入,因为他总是十分严肃,而其他孩子却以嬉戏为乐。大多数孩子喜欢折磨动物,他却对它们充满怜悯。他把自己的食物喂给动物,直到自己一无所剩,只靠吃水果或树叶度日。约翰从童年起就热爱阅读。长大成人后,至高无上的真主召唤了他:
John (pbuh) was born a stranger to the world of children who used to amuse themselves, as he was serious all the time. Most children took delight in torturing animals whereas, he was merciful to them. He fed the animals from his food until there was nothing left for him, and he just ate fruit or leaves of trees. John loved reading since childhood. When he grew up, Allah the Exalted called upon him:
"O John! Hold fast to the Scripture (The Torah)." And We gave him wisdom while yet a child. Translation: "Ya Yahya! Hold fast to the Scripture (The Torah)." And We gave him wisdom while yet a child. Wait, I should translate, not reproduce the input. Here is the translation: "啊,约翰!坚持持守经典(《讨拉特》)。"我在他幼年时就赐予他智慧。
"O John! Hold fast to the Scripture (The Torah)." And We gave him wisdom while yet a child.
(第19章:第12节 古兰经)
(Ch 19:12 Quran).
约翰的品质
John's Qualities
安拉引导他仔细研读《教法学》之书,因此他成为了当时最有智慧、最博学的人。所以,万能的安拉赋予他裁决人们事务的能力、阐释宗教奥秘的能力、引导人们走上正道并警示他们远离歧途的能力。
Allah guided him to read the Book of Jurisprudence closely; thus, he became the wisest and most knowledgeable man of that time. Therefore, Allah the Almighty endowed him with the faculties of passing judgments on people's affairs, interpreting the secrets of religion, guiding people to the right path, and warning them against the wrong one.
约翰到达了成年。他对父母的怜爱,以及对所有人和一切受造物的怜悯,都大大增强了。他号召人们悔改自己的罪过。
John reached maturity. His compassion for his parents, as well as for all people and all creatures, increased greatly. He called people to repent their sins.
关于约翰(Yahya)有许多传述。伊本·阿萨基(Ibn Asaker)记载,有一次他的父母在寻找他,最终在约旦河边找到了他。当他们与他相见时,看到他对真主,至尊至大的主,有如此深厚的虔诚,不禁痛哭流涕。
There are quite a number of traditions told about John. Ibn Asaker related that one time his parents were looking for him and found him at the Jordan River. When they met him, they wept sorely, seeing his great devotion to Allah, Great and Majestic.
ابن وهب 说,据马立克所述,草是约翰·伊本·宰凯里亚的食物,他因畏惧真主而痛哭不已。有一条传述链记载,伊德里斯·赫瓦拉尼说:"我不告诉你谁吃得最好吗?是约翰·伊本·宰凯里亚,他与野兽一同用餐,因为畏惧与人群混在一起。" Note: the translation above has an error — the Chinese rendering should be in Simplified script, so here is the corrected version: ibn Wahb 说,据马立克所述,草是约翰·伊本·宰凯里亚的食物,他因畏惧真主而痛哭不已。有一条传述链记载,伊德里斯·赫瓦拉尼说:"我不告诉你谁吃得最好吗?是约翰·伊本·宰凯里亚,他与野兽一同用餐,因为畏惧与人群混在一起。"
Ibn Wahb said that, according to Malik, grass was the food of John Ibn Zakariyah, and he wept sorely in fear of Allah. A chain of narrators reported that Idris Al Khawlawi said: "Shall I not tell you he who had the best food? It is John Ibn Zakariyah, who joined the beasts at dinner, fearing to mix with men."
《约翰为何总是哭泣》
Why John Always Wept
伊本·穆巴拉克transmitted: 据伊本·穆巴拉克说,瓦赫卜·伊本·瓦尔德讲述,宰凯里雅三天没有见到他的儿子。他发现儿子在一座他自己挖掘、并在其中居住的坟墓里哭泣。"我的儿子,我一直在找你,你却住在这座坟墓里哭泣!""父亲,您不是告诉过我,天堂与火狱之间只隔一掌之距,而只有哭泣者的眼泪才能跨越它吗?"他对儿子说:"那就哭吧,我的儿子。"于是父子二人一同哭泣。
Ibn Mubarak stated that Wahb Ibn Al-Ward narrated that Zakariayah did not see his son for three days. He found him weeping inside a grave which he had dug and in which he resided. "My son, I have been searching for you, and you are dwelling in this grave weeping!" "O father, did you not tell me that between Paradise and Hell is only a span, and it will not be crossed except by tears of weepers?" He said to him: "Weep then, my son." Then they wept together.
其他传述中说,约翰(愿主福安之)说:"乐园的居民因真主恩赐的甘甜而无法入睡;所以信士心中因真主的爱,也必须无法入睡。这两种享受之间相差多远,相差多远啊!"据说约翰哭得非常厉害,泪水在他的脸颊上留下了痕迹。
Other narrations say that John (pbuh) said: "The dwellers of Paradise are sleepless out of the sweetness of Allah's bounty; that is why the faithful must be sleepless because of Allah's love in their hearts. How far between the two luxuries, how far between them?" They say John wept so much that tears marked his cheeks.
约翰对大自然的热爱
John's Love of Nature
他在旷野中找到安慰,从不在意食物。他吃树叶、草药,有时也吃蝗虫。他睡在山中任何地方,或地上的洞穴里。有时他进入山洞时会遇到狮子或熊,但因他全心沉浸于赞颂安拉,便毫不理会它们。这些野兽很容易认出约翰是关心一切生灵的先知,于是它们会低着头离开山洞。
He found comfort in the open and never cared about food. He ate leaves, herbs, and sometimes locusts. He slept anywhere in the mountains or in holes in the ground. He sometimes would find a lion or a bear as he entered a cave, but being deeply absorbed in praising Allah, he never heeded them. The beasts easily recognized John as the prophet who cared for all the creatures, so they would leave the cave, bowing their heads.
约翰有时出于怜悯,用自己的食物喂养那些野兽,并且满足于以祈祷作为灵魂的食粮。他会整夜哭泣,赞美真主所赐予的恩惠。
John sometimes fed those beasts, out of mercy, from his food and was satisfied with prayers as food for his soul. He would spend the night crying and praising Allah for His blessings.
当约翰召唤人们崇拜真主时,他使人们因爱与顺服而哭泣,以他言语的真实攫住他们的心。
When John called people to worship Allah, he made them cry out of love and submission, arresting their hearts with the truthfulness of his words.
当时,约翰与当权者之间发生了冲突。暴君希律·安提帕,即巴勒斯坦的统治者,爱上了他兄弟的女儿莎乐美。他打算迎娶这位美丽的侄女。这桩婚事得到了她母亲以及锡安的一些学者的鼓励,他们或出于恐惧,或为了讨好统治者。
A conflict took place between John and the authorities at that time. A tyrant king, Herod Antipas, the ruler of Palestine, was in love with Salome, his brother's daughter. He was planning to marry his beautiful niece. The marriage was encouraged by her mother and by some of the learned men of Zion, either out of fear or to gain favor with the ruler.
当约翰听到统治者的计划时,他宣称这样的婚姻属于乱伦。他在任何情况下都不会同意,因为这违背了《托拉》的律法。
On hearing the ruler's plan, John pronounced that such a marriage would be incestuous. He would not approve it under any circumstance, as it was against the Law of the Torah.
约翰之残酷死亡
John's Cruel Death
约翰的宣告迅速传遍各地。莎乐美很愤怒,因为她一心想与叔父共同统治王国。她策划要达成自己的目的。她精心打扮,在叔父面前唱歌跳舞,挑起希律的情欲。希律拥抱她,答应满足她的任何要求。她立刻对他说:"我very想要约翰的头颅,因为他在全国范围内玷污了您和我的名誉。如果您满足我这个愿望,我将非常高兴,并愿意献身于您。"希律被她的魅力迷惑,屈从于她这个残忍的要求。约翰被处决,他的头颅被送到莎乐美面前。这个残忍的女人幸灾乐祸,欣喜若狂。然而,真主所钟爱的先知之死得到了报应。不仅是她,以色列的所有子孙也遭到了严厉的惩罚,侵略军摧毁了他们的王国。
John's pronouncement spread like wildfire. Salome was angry, for it was her ambition to rule the kingdom with her uncle. She plotted to achieve her aim. Dressing attractively, she sang and danced before her uncle. Her arousing Herod's lust. Embracing her, he offered to fulfill whatever she desired. At once she told him: "I would love to have the head of John, because he has defiled your honor and mine throughout the land. If you grant me this wish, I shall be very happy and will offer myself to you." Bewitched by her charm, he submitted to her monstrous request. John was executed and his head was brought to Salome. The cruel woman gloated with delight. But the death of Allah's beloved prophet was avenged. Not only she, but all the children of Israel were severely punished by invading armies which destroyed their kingdom.