城镇的居民
Dwellers Of The Town
真主至高无上地说:
Allah the Almighty says:
{并为他们举一个比喻:那城镇的居民,当时有使者来到他们那里。我们派遣两位使者去他们那里,他们却否认了二人,于是我们用第三位来加强他们,他们说:"我们确实是奉派到你们那里的使者。"他们(城中居民)说:"你们只是和我们一样的人,至仁主(安拉)并没有降示任何启示,你们只是在说谎。"使者们说:"我们的主知道,我们确实是奉派到你们那里的使者。我们的责任只是清楚地传达(讯息)。"他们(居民)说:"我们看到你们给我们带来了不祥。如果你们不停止,我们必定用石头打死你们,而且我们必定会使痛苦的刑罚降临到你们身上。"他们(使者)说:}
{And put forward to them a similitude: the (story of the) dwellers of the town, when there came Messengers to them. When We sent to them two Messengers, they belied them both; so We reinforced them with a third, and they said: "Verily we have been sent to you as Messengers." They (people of the town) said: "You are only human beings like ourselves and the Most Gracious (Allah) has revealed nothing. You are only telling lies." The Messengers said: "Our Lord knows that we have been sent as Messengers to you." And our duty is only to convey plainly (the Message)." They (people) said: "For us, we see an evil omen from you: if you cease not, we will surely stone you, and a painful torment will touch you from us."They (Messengers) said:
“你们的厄运与你们同在!(你们把这称为“厄运”,是因为你们受到了劝诫吗?)不然,你们是一群Musrifun(肆意越界、犯下各种大罪、违抗安拉的人)。”
"Your evil omens be with you! (Do you call it "evil omen") because you are admonished? Nay, but you are a people Musrifun (transgressing all bounds by committing all kinds of great sins, and by disobeying Allah).
And there came a man running from the farthest part of the town. He said: "O my people! Obey the Messengers. " Chinese translation with Qur'an verses kept in braces: 然后,一个人从城市最远的地方跑来。他说:"我的同胞啊!你们要顺从这些使者。" "要顺从那些不向你们索取报酬、并且遵循正道的人。" "我为什么不崇拜创造我的那一位呢?你们终将被归还于祂。" "难道我要舍祂而取其他神明吗?
And there came a man running from the farthest part of the town. He said: "O my people! Obey the Messengers. " “Obey those who ask no wages of you (for themselves), and who are rightly guided. "And why should I not worship Him (Allah Alone) Who has created me and to Whom you shall be returned." "Shall I take besides Him alihah (gods)?
“如果至仁的主(真主)要降祸于我,他们的说情对我毫无益处,他们也不能拯救我吗?”“那么,我确实是在明显的迷误之中了。”“我确已信仰你们的主,故请你们听从我吧!”(当不信道者杀害他时,有人对他说:)
If the Most Gracious (Allah) intends me any harm, their intercession will be of no use for me whatsoever, nor can they save me?" "Then verily, I should be in plain error." “Verily! I have believed in your Lord, so listen to me!" It was said (to him when the disbelievers killed him):
"进入乐园。"他说:"但愿我的族人知道,我的主(安拉)已经宽恕了我,并使我成为受尊崇者之一!"在他之后,我没有从天上派遣军队去攻击他的族人,我也无需那样做。那只是一声呼喊(Saihah)。
"Enter Paradise." He said: "Would that my people knew. "That my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!" And We sent not against his people after him a host from the heaven, nor was it needful for Us to send (such a thing). It was but one Saihah (shout)
{而他们仍然(沉默、死亡、毁灭)}。(雅辛章,13-29)
and lo! They (all) were still (silent, dead, destroyed)}. (Ya-Sin, 13-29)
'Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas、Ka'b Al-Ahbar 和 Wahb Ibn Munabih 以及其他许多人叙述了一个名为安条克(Antakiyah)的城镇的故事,该城由国王安提基斯之子安提基斯统治。这位国王信奉偶像崇拜。全能的真主派遣了三位使者到他那里,他却严厉地否认了他们。这三位使者是:
'Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas, Ka'b Al-Ahbar and Wahb Ibn Munabih and many others narrated a story of a town called Antioch (Antakiyah), governed by the king Antikhis Ibn Antikhis. This king used to observe idol worship. Allah Almighty sent him three Messengers whom he severely belied. The Messengers were:
萨迪克、马斯杜克和沙洛姆。
Sadiq, Masduq and Shalom.
显然可见,他们是安拉至高者所派遣的使者。盖塔德声称他们是耶稣基督所派遣的使者。伊本·吉利尔(Ibn Jarir)引述瓦哈卜(Wahb),瓦哈卜引述伊本·苏莱曼(Ibn Sulaiman),伊本·苏莱曼引述舒艾卜·贾巴伊(Shu'aib Al-Jiba'i),也持此观点,并补充说:那些使者的名字分别是西门、约拿和保罗,城镇名叫安提阿。这一观点毫无根据,因为安提阿人接待了耶稣基督的三名门徒时……
It is evidently apparent that they were Messengers sent by Allah the Almighty. Qatadah claimed them to be messengers sent by Jesus Christ. The same view was held by Ibn Jarir after Wahb after Ibn Sulaiman after Shu' aib Al- Jiba'i who added that: those messengers were called: Shimon, Jonah and Paul and the town was called Antioch. This view is groundless because the people of Antioch when received three of the disciples of Jesus Christ (Peace be upon him)
-正是在那个时候率先信奉他的人。因此,安条克是最早出现基督教宗主教的四座城市之一。这四座城市是安条克、耶路撒冷、亚历山大和罗马。然而,这些城市的居民并没有被毁灭,而《古兰经》经文中提到的那座城市的居民,在他们杀害了真主派来劝诫他们的同伴之后,则被彻底消灭了。真主至仁至慈说:"那只是一声呼喊,他们便都沉寂下去,成了死灭的人。"(雅辛章,29节)如果情况是这样的:真主的三位使者被派往安条克的早期居民,并遭到了他们的否认,而这件事导致了彻底的毁灭,那么这两种解释之间就没有矛盾。之后,那片土地重新有了居民,而在尔萨(愿主赐他平安)在世期间,这些新的居民信奉了他的三位使者。
-were the first to believe in him at that very time. Thereupon, Antioch was one of the first four towns in which there first existed Christian Patriarchs. These four towns were Antioch, Jerusalem, Alexandria and Rome. However, the people of these towns were not destroyed, whereas the people of the aforementioned town in the Qur'anic verses were totally annihilated, following the killing of their companion whom Allah sent to admonish them. Allah the Almighty says: {It was but one Saihah (shout) and lo! They (all) were still (silent, dead and destroyed)}. (Ya-Sin, 29) There is no contradiction between the two interpretations, if the case was that the three Messengers of Allah were sent to the earlier dwellers of Antioch and that they were belied, the matter which incurred complete destruction. Then, their land was re-inhabited and during the lifetime of Jesus (Peace be upon him) the new dwellers believed in his three messengers.
关于《古兰经》中所提及的那个故事是耶稣的使者的故事这一说法,是非常荒谬且毫无根据的。
The claim that the story mentioned in the Glorious Qur'an is that of the messengers of Jesus (Peace be upon him) is very absurd and groundless.
显然,从上下文可以看出,这些使者是由全能的安拉派遣的。
Obviously, the context shows that they, the Messengers were sent by Allah the Almighty.
安拉至高无上说:{你为他们举一个比喻:有一个城市的居民,当时有使者到他们那里去。当我派遣两位使者到他们那里时,他们否认了这两人,于是我用第三位使者加以增援},即我用第三位使者支持了他们,{他们说:}
Allah the Almighty says: {And put forward to them a similitude} i.e. for your people 0 Muhammad (Peace be upon him). {The (story of the) dwellers of the town, when there came Messengers to them. When We sent to them two Messengers, they belied them both, so We reinforced them with a third} i.e. We supported them with a third Messenger, {and they said:
"我们确已被派遣到你们那里作为使者。"城里的人说,使者不过是人类,他们否定了真主至高无上可能派遣人类作为使者来到人间的观点。
Verily we have been sent to you as Messengers}. The people of the town said that the Messengers were only human beings and they set aside the idea that Allah Almighty might send human beings as His Messengers to mankind.
使者们断言,安拉知道他们已被派遣到那些人中间;如果那些人对安拉说谎,安拉必定会给予他们一切刑罚中最严厉的惩罚。他们又说:{我们的责任仅仅是清楚地传达(讯息)},即他们所奉派传达的内容;而引导与迷失,都掌握在独一的至尊安拉手中。{他们说:我们认为你们带给我们的是不祥的预兆},即你们带给我们的东西。{如果你们不停止,我们必定用恶言和石头打死你们};{我们还要让痛苦的刑罚降临你们身上},即他们以侮辱性的恶言和杀害(用石头砸死)来威胁他们。{使者们说:你们的不祥之兆在你们自己身上!},即它们将给你们带来恶劣的影响。{(你们把它称为"不祥之兆")是因为你们受到了劝告吗?},即因为我们以正道提醒你们、邀请你们,你们却以杀害和侮辱性的刑罚来威胁我们。{不然,你们是过度犯罪的民众},即你们因犯各种罪行、违抗安拉而超越了一切界限。
The Messengers asserted that Allah knows that they have been sent to them and that if they lie to Him, He would certainly give them the severest of all punishment. They added: {our duty is only to convey plainly (the Message)} i.e. what they were sent with and that guidance and misleading are in the Hand of Allah the Almighty Alone. {They (people) said: For us, we see an evil omen from you} i.e. from what you have brought us. {If you cease not, we will surely stone you} with bad words and stones as well; {and a painful torment will touch you from us} i.e. they threatened them with afflicting humiliation (bad words) and killing (stoning to death). {They (Messengers) said: Your evil omens be with you!} i.e. they will badly affect you. {(Do you call it "evil omen ") because you are admonished?} i.e. because we reminded you with guidance and invited you to it you threatened us with killing and afflicting humiliation. {Nay, but you are a people Musrifun} i.e. you transgress all bounds by committing all kinds of sinful deeds, and by disobeying Allah.
安拉至高无上说:{有一个人从城市的远处奔跑而来},为支持使者们,并表明他对他们的信仰。{他说:我的民众啊!你们当服从这些使者。服从那些不向你们索取报酬(为自己)、且遵循正道的人},即
Allah the Almighty says: {And there came a man running from the farthest part of the town} to support the Messengers and to declare his faith in them. {He said: 0 my people! Obey the Messengers. Obey those who ask no wages of you (for themselves), and who are rightly guided} i.e.
他们邀请你走向绝对的真理,不向你索取任何报酬或回赐。然后他邀请他们只崇拜安拉,不崇拜除祂以外、在今世和后世都无力做任何事的其他事物。{那么,我必定陷入明显的迷误之中},即如果我舍弃对安拉的崇拜,而崇拜祂以外的任何事物。
they invite you to the absolute truth without asking wages or reward for themselves of you. Then he invited them to worship Allah Alone, and not to worship other than Him that can do nothing in this present life or in the Hereafter. {Then verily, I should be in plain error} i.e. if I abandoned the worship of Allah and worshipped anything else besides Him.
然后,那位信道的人对那三位使者说:{我确已信仰你们的主,所以你们听我的话吧!},即你们应当听我的表白,并在你们的主面前为此作证。或者说,"我的people啊!请听从我对这些使者的信仰宣言。"于是,众人杀了他,或以乱石打死他,或将他咬死,或对他发动一次突然的袭击。伊本·伊斯哈格根据其同伴的传述,引自阿卜杜拉·伊本·麦斯欧德,说:众人踩踏他的尸体,直到踩断了他的脖子。
Then, the believing man said to the three Messengers: {Verily! I have believed in your Lord, so listen to me!}, i.e. you should listen to my statement and bear witness to this before your Lord. Or, 0 my people! Listen to my declaration of faith of these Messengers. Thereupon, the people killed him either by stoning him to death, or biting, or making one sudden assault against him. Narrated Ibn Ishaq after some of his counterparts on the authority of `Abdullah Ibn Mas’ud that the people stepped over his body till they broke his neck.
据阿斯-萨乌里传述,经由阿西姆·阿尔-阿赫瓦勒,经由阿布·马贾兹,他说:那位信道的人名叫哈比布·本·穆里伊,据说他是木匠,或是绳匠,或是鞋匠。也有人说,他曾在一个僻静的洞穴中履行他的宗教功课。阿卜杜拉·本·阿拔斯(愿安拉喜悦他)说:他就是哈比布,那位木匠,他患有麻风病。他乐于施舍,但最终被自己的族人杀害。
Narrated Ath-Thawri after `Asim Al-Ahwal after Abu Majlaz his saying: The name of that believing man was Habib Ibn Murriy who was said to be a carpenter, or rope-maker, or shoe-maker. It is also said that he used to observe his religious rituals in an isolated cave. `Abdullah Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: He was Habib, the carpenter who was afflicted with leprosy. He was charitable, but killed at the end at the hands of his own people.
然后,安拉至高无上说:{进入乐园}。也就是说,当他被本族人杀害后,安拉至高无上让他进入了乐园。当他看到其中的种种乐趣与喜悦时,他说:{I愿我的族人知道,我的主已经宽恕了我,并使我成为受尊敬的人!},意即:但愿他们也能信仰我所信仰的,从而获得我刚刚得到的(恩赐)。 伊本·阿拔斯(愿安拉喜悦之)说:他在世时劝导他的族人说:{我的族人啊!你们要服从使者}。在他死后,(他说):{I愿我的族人知道,我的主已经宽恕了我,并使我成为受尊敬的人!}。 此外,格塔deh说:信士总是在劝善,因为他看到了安拉所赐予的回报。{I愿我的族人知道,我的主已经宽恕了我,并使我成为受尊敬的人!}即他希望族人知道安拉赐予他的尊荣。格塔deh又说:以安拉发誓!在他们杀害了他(那位信士)之后,安拉并没有训诫他们,甚至没有责备他们。{那只是一声呼喊,他们便都静寂无声,熄灭了}。 安拉至高无上说:{在他之后,我没有从天上降下军队去攻击他的族人,我也没有必要这样做}。意即:安拉至高无上没有必要从天上派遣军队去攻击他们,为使者们复仇。
Then, Allah the Almighty says: {Enter Paradise} i.e. when he was killed by his people, Allah Almighty admitted him into Paradise. When he saw of the pleasures and joys therein, he said: {Would that my people knew? That my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!}, i.e. to believe in what I have believed in and thus gain what I have just obtained. Ibn `Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) said: He advised his people during his life saying: {O my people! Obey the Messengers}, and after his death {Would that my people knew? That my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!}. In addition, Qatadah said: The believer always gives counseling because of what he sees of the rewards granted by Allah {Would that my people knew? That my Lord (Allah) has forgiven me, and made me of the honored ones!}, i.e. he wished that his people would know the honor Allah bestowed on him. Qatadah added: By Allah! Allah did not admonish or even blame those people after killing him (the believing man) {It was but one Saihah (shout) and lo! They (all) were still (silent, dead, destroyed)}. Allah the Almighty says: {And We sent not against his people after him a host from the heaven, nor was it needful for Us to send (such a thing)}, i.e. it was not needful for Allah the Almighty to send against them a host from the heaven to avenge the Messengers.
穆佳希德和戈塔德说:这意思是安拉没有再降示另一启示给他们。伊本·哲利尔说:第一种解释看来更为恰当,因为至仁至慈的安拉在此之后说:{我也无需降下(任何天兵)},即安拉无需为了惩罚他们而降下这样的东西——当时他们否认了祂的使者,杀害了祂的虔诚之人。{那只是一声巨响,他们就都寂然死灭了。}
Mujahid and Qatadah said: This means that Allah did not send them another Message. Ibn Jarir said: The first interpretation looks more proper because Allah the Almighty says after this: {nor was it needful for Us to send (such a thing)}, i.e. Allah was not in need to send such a thing to punish them when they belied His Messengers and killed His godly man, {It was but one Saihah (shout) and lo! They (all) were still (silent, dead, destroyed)}.
译者们说:安拉至高无上,派遣了吉卜利勒(Gabriel)(愿他平安),他抓住了那座城的城门,发出了一声呼喊 {一声呼喊,他们顿时都寂静无声(死亡、毁灭)},即他们变得寂静、不动、死去。
Interpreters said: Allah the Almighty sent Gabriel (Peace be upon him) who maintained a grasp on their town's gate and made a single shout {one Saihah (shout) and lo! They (all) were still (silent, dead, destroyed)}, i.e. they turned to be silent, motionless and dead.
最后,所有这些都表明,古兰经经文中提到的那座城镇并非安提阿,因为安提阿的人信仰真主,并追随耶稣的使者。此外,据说安提阿是第一个宣布信仰耶稣的城镇。
Finally, all these indicate that the town mentioned in the Qur'anic verses was not Antioch because the people of Antioch believed in Allah and followed the messengers of Jesus (Peace be upon him). Moreover, Antioch was said to be the first town to declare faith in Jesus (Peace be upon him).